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P&I Technologies

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P&I Technologies

LECTURE SERIES

Protection, Control & Metering

of an

Electrical Grid

P&I Technologies

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On-site Training

Flexible

Cost-effective (one fixed cost)

Allows as many or as few employees as you need

No travel expenses

Delivered when/where you want

Realize the value of bringing training on-site

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On-site Training

Real-world training & solutions customized to your business

Lower training costs

A consistent learning experience

Training courses can be delivered “off-the-shelf”

Slightly modified or completely customized to your needs

Designed for immediate, measurable results

Realize the value of bringing training on-site

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On-site Training

Courses are planned around individual/department schedules

Delivered in any format

Teams learn with real-world, mission-specific examples

Productivity maintain with flexible course scheduling

Train groups of employees to significantly reduce expenses

Tailor the course material to fulfill corporate needs/expectations

Benefits

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On-site Training

1 Assess Client’s Needs

2 Design Course Around Assessment

3 Collaborate on Delivery Dates, Time & Duration

4 Program Delivery

5 Follow-up

Methodology

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Core P&I Courses

Basic Electrical Theory

Digital – Electric Circuits

Basic Power Metering

Basic Power System Protection & Control

Advanced Protection & Control

Transformer Fundamentals

Safety Awareness & Arc Flash

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Core P&I Courses


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Introduces the fundamental concepts of AC/DC electrical circuits, which form the basis to all electrical/electronic systems

Upon completion participants will be familiar with:• Ohm's Law, Series and Parallel Circuits• Kirchhoff's Laws• DC Network Analysis & Metering Circuits• Conductors and Insulators• Capacitors, Inductors and Electromagnetism• Complex Numbers, Reactance and Impedance• Transformers• Polyphase AC Circuits• Power Factor• AC Metering• AC Motors• Transmission Lines

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SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Parallel

IR1 IR2 IR3IT

IT

RT

VT = I1R1 = I2R2 = I3R3

VT

VT = ITRT orIT = I1 + I2 + I3 or

IT =VT

RT

VT

R1

VT

RT=

VT

R2

VT

R3+ + or

1R1

1RT

=1R2

1R3

+ +Sample Slid

e from C

ourse

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Core P&I Courses


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Introduces binary logic concepts fundamental to understanding modern digital systems

Upon completion participants will be familiar with:

• Binary Arithmetic• Logic Gates & Switches• Electromechanical Relays• Boolean Algebra & Karnaugh Mapping• Combinational Logic Functions• Sequential Circuits, Shift Registers• Digital-Analog Conversion• Digital Communication• Digital Storage (Memory)• Principles of Digital Computing

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Core P&I Courses


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Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering in utilities and industry


• The operation and components of polyphase watthour meters• Various Metering Standards, Instrument Transformer connections• Blondel’s Theorem• 120/240 single phase connections and metering• 3 Phase 3 Wire metering• 3 Phase 4 Wire metering• Phasor Diagrams• How to take Cross Wattmeter Readings• How to calculate metering quantities using various formulas


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Circuit: 1-Phase, 3-Wire

Meter: 1-Phase, 3-Wire

“A”-Base, CT’s

Aux Transformers: 2 2-Wire CT’s

WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)

Sample Slid

e from C

ourse

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WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)

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WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)

Sample Slid

e from C

ourse

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Core P&I Courses


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Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic principles of protective relaying

Upon completion participants will be able to:

• Verify feeder protection settings/co‐ordination • Calibrate, function test, test trip, take and analyze cross readings • Identify common types of faults & their effect on the power system• Calibrate various type relays (over current, voltage and timing)• Perform function tests on feeder protections• Take a set of cross readings and plot the results• Determine if the input quantities are correct


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3 Ph Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer

Single Line Schematic

H1 H2 H3

H1

H2H3

Vrw-sec

VWB-sec

VBR-sec


Sample Slid

e from C

ourse

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Core P&I Courses


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The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations

Upon completion participants will be:

• Familiar with calibration and functional test of line relays

• Trip testing

• Analyze current versus phase angle readings

• Familiar with typical relaying philosophy at high voltage stations

• Current Procedures and Practices related to modern P&C discipline

• Microprocessor Based relaying

• The IEC61850 standard and SCADA Based Telemetering

• The Smart Grid


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Instantaneous Tripping

Instantaneous Tripping

Remote Trip Protection


Sample Slid

e from C

ourse

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Core P&I Courses


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The basic principles of all types of transformers that can be found in most High Voltage Stations and industry


• Mutual inductance and basic operation• Phasing & Winding configurations• Voltage regulation• Potential & Current transformers• Air core transformers• Power capacity, Energy losses• Stray capacitance and inductance• Core saturation• Inrush current• Oil Insulation & degasification


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Core P&I Courses


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The fundamental concepts of electricity

The effects of electricity on the human body

Recognizing common electrical hazards

Electrical Protective Devices

Safety Orientation

Hazard Assessment

Lockout/Tagout

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Arc FlashIdentify Hazards

Busway Surveying of undocumented areasObtaining up to date One-Line and Short Circuit Studies

Reduce HazardsPurge ALL Non-Current Limiting FusesInstall RK5 Fuses in bus plugs up to 200 AmpInstall RK1 Fuses in bus plugs above 200 Amp

ProtectUsing the Arc Flash Calculator to Identify Arc Flash Energy and Hazard CategoryPrinting and Appling Labels to ALL panels identifying Hazard Class and Appropriate PPE


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How Arc Flash Incidents Occur

Phase to ground or multi-phase short circuit by:

Conductive tool during maintenance or other work activity

Mechanical failure of non-current carrying parts

Mechanical failure of current carrying parts

Loose connection in current carrying parts

Dirt, moisture, insects, or animals


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Sample Slid

e from C

ourse

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Racking 480 volt circuit breakers on and off the bus require at least this level of PPE!

What is wrong with this picture?Sample S

lide fr

om Cours

e

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Samples of Courses

Basic Concepts of Electricity

Ohm's

Law

Electrical Safety

Scientific Notation and

Metric Prefixes

Series and Parallel Circuits

Kirchhoff's Laws

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Samples of Courses (cont’d)


Ohm's

Law

Electrical Safety


Metric Prefixes


Kirchhoff's Laws

Electrical Instrumentation

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Ohm's

Law

Electrical Safety


Metric Prefixes


Kirchhoff's Laws


Capacitors & Inductors

RC and L/R Time Constants

Reactance and Impedance

Transformers

Polyphase AC Circuits

Transmission Lines

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AND Gates

OR Gates

NOT Gates

J-K Flip Flops

Buffers

A to D Conversion

Decoders

Adders

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Bus Main Protection

Fuses

Sectionalizers

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Circuit Breakers

Basic Anti-Pump Logic

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Typical Electro-Mechanical Time

Overcurrent Relay

Instantaneous Overcurrent RelaySolid State

Relays

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High Impedance Differential Protection

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Pilot Wire Protection

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Z (load)

Z (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z (load)

Z(line)=R(L)+jX(L) (line end with 3ph short cct applied)

X

R

Z' (op)

Z' (op)=Z(relay)=Z (line)+Z(load')(where load' > load)

Z (op)

Load

stn A stn B

stn A

stn B

Z(load')

X

X X

X

R(fault)

R(fault)

Z(relay)=R(fault)+Z(line partial)

Zone IIrelay charateristic

The effect of Z(load) is much more significant compared to Z(line), here we show the vector summation of Z(relay)=Z(line)+Z(load). The true system operating point is outside the zone II

relay charateristic and near the "R" axis.

system operating point

Impedance Relaying

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Smart Grids

Microprocessor Based relayingSmart M

eters

Communication

Requirements

IEC61850

Electricity Markets

Energy Storage

PLC’s

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Design Course Around Assessment

Determining the content of the course(s)

1) Basic Electrical Theory

2) Digital – Electric Circuits

3) Basic Power Metering

4) Basic Power System Protection & Control

5) Advanced Protection & Control

6) Transformer Fundamentals

Determining the content of the course(s) is based on the assessment of the clients’ Requirements

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Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure

Fuses

Sectionalizers

Bus Main Protection

Circuit Breakers

High Impedance Differential ProtectionImpedance Relaying

Electrical Safety


Transformers

Transmission Lines

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Determining the client’s equipment/infrastructure

The Client’s

Equipment is In

corporated in th

e

Lessons

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Assessing Client’s Needs

Who are the target learners?• Evaluate what is required to bring them up to

the same level as a starting point for the P&I training sessions

What is the system’s infrastructure?• Determine what electrical equipment the client

is looking to maintain

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On-site Training

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Dates and Time dependent on the Client and Attendees

Duration dependent on:

Assessment of the attendees skill level

How much the client wants added to the sessions

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On-site Training

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At a location of the clients choice

Laptop computer (PowerPoint) generated format

Projection equipment supplied by client or instructor

Tour of clients facilities to point out lesson examples

Logistical breaks (coffee, lunch etc.) provided by the client

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On-site Training

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P&I Technologies will stay in touch for new training updates

Repeat session for new employees can be arranged

Small training modules can be designed around new equipment Client can request other lessons for development by vendor (P&I

Technologies)

P&I Technologies will be looking to partner with manufactures of protection and control equipment to provide specific product sessions in the future

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Instructor

Professional Experience

Siemens - Business Development Manager T&D

AECON Industrial - Business Development Manager – Nuclear

Wardrop Engineering - Divisional Manager Business Development – Power Sector

CFLCO. (Churchill Falls Labrador Corp.) – Director Operations & Maintenance of the Power facility comprised of 11 hydraulic generators; output 5,400 MW over multiple EHV lines

Graham Van BruntB. Sc.; P. Eng.

DST Consulting Engineers (Marketing) - Corporate Marketing Manager

Ontario Hydro (Marketing) - Energy Service Manager, Customer Energy Manager, Sr. Marketing Supervisor

Ontario Hydro (Engineering) - Sr. Protection & Instrumentation Instructor Pakistan, Sr. Protection & Control Engineer

Confederation College (Thunder Bay) - Instructor - Electrical

Education

Queen’s University – Kingston, Ontario B. Sc. Electrical EngineeringWilfrid Laurier University – Waterloo, Ontario – School of Business

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Contact us at:

Graham Van BruntB. Sc.; P. Eng.

P&I Technologies

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End

P&I Technologies

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