1 the gates of hell shall not prevail · turning point: council of nicaea ad 325 24 24...

The Gates of Hell Shall Not PrevailThe History and Future of The Church in The Great Spiritual War

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The Gates of Hell Shall Not PrevailThe History and Future of The Church in The Great Spiritual War

The Violent Take the Kingdom By Force: The Disaster of Imperial Christianity

(AD 313—1204)

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That they may all be ONE

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“I do not ask for these only, but also for those who will believe in me through their word, that they may all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be in us, so that the world may believe that you have sent me.

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ChurchHistory_Session_02 final - August 3, 2015

That they may all be ONE

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“The glory that you have given me I have given to them, that they may be one even as we are one, I in them and you in me, that they may become perfectly one, so that the world may know that you sent me and loved them even as you loved me.”Jesus, Lord and Savior, John 17:20–23

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*Constantine

CyprianTertullian

PeterPaul

JohnClement

Iranaeus

Origen

Ignatius

Justin M

AD 30 312200100

Patristic: The Fathers and ApologistsThe Apostlic Era

Jesus

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External Threat: Affliction and Persecution

Internal Threat: Division and Heresy

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What Gave the Church Stability?

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• The Church Leaders (Fathers & Bishops)

• The Recognition of the Canon (Scriptures)

• The Creeds

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APOSTOLIC CATHOLIC MEDIEVAL MODERN

AD 30 100 590 1517 Present

Key Periods of Church History

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AD 313—1204

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TURNING POINT:

Conversion of Constantine

AD 3128

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From Persecution to Empire

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311 Galerius Edict of

Toleration

313 Constantine

Edict of Milan *freedom

380 Theodosius

One and only religion of the

Empire

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From Persecution to Empire

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Christendom

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312 1204

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600 800 1000

*330 - Constantinople

400 700 900 1100500 12


Jerusalem

Rome Constantinople

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Antioch

Alexandria

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The West The East

Jerusalem

Rome Constantinople

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Antioch

Alexandria

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What Divided East and West?

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WEST EAST

Latin Greek

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Language Creates Culture

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👀😠AAMOF👍😜

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What Divided East and West?

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WEST EAST

Latin Greek

Concrete Abstraction

Worship & LiturgyLegal & Creedal

SpeculativePractical

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THE Key Questions After the Apostles:

1. Who is Jesus? (God and Human)

2. How does Jesus relate to the Church?

3. What is the Mission of the Church?

4. What is the Form of the Church?

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Aquinas

Theologians (and Scholars)

100 1204300150

ApologistsChurch Fathers

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ClementIgnatius Jerome

Augustine

AthanasiusIrenaeusTertullian

Ambrose

600 1000

AnselmAbelard

Lombard

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312 1204

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600 800 1000


400 700 900 1100500

325 - Seven Councils - 787

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The Seven Major Councils

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325 - Nicaea 1 - Arianism 381 - Constantinople 1 - Arianism/Apollinarianism

431 - Ephesus - Nestorianism

451 - Chalcedon - Eutychianism 553 - Constantinople 2 - Monophysitism

681 - Constantinople 3 - Monotheletism

787 - Nicaea 2 - Iconoclastic Controversy

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What Makes a Heresy?

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•Denial of Jesus’ Humanity (Docetism)

•Denial of Jesus God-ness (Arianism)

•Confusion over The Trinity (Sabellianism)

•Human Reason vs. Divine Revelation (Arianism, Gnosticism, etc.)

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TURNING POINT:

Council of Nicaea

AD 32524

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Jesus and the Father

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homoousios

homoiousiosOR

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The smallest things….

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“No, price too high.”

“No price too high.”

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The Nicean Creed (325)

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We believe in one God,the Father almighty,maker of all things visible and invisible;And in one Lord, Jesus Christ,the Son of God,begotten from the Father, only-begotten,that is, from the substance of the Father,

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The Nicean Creed (325)

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God from God,light from light,true God from true God,begotten not made,of one substance with the Father,through Whom all things came into being,…

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Athanasius of Alexandria (ca. 298-373)* Against the Arians* “Father of Orthodoxy”* “Father of the Canon”* “He (Jesus) became what we are, so

that He might make us what He is…”

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Augustine of Hippo (354-430)* fought Pelagius/Pelagianism* Theology of Sin and Grace* Confessions* The City of God -

made amillennialism the view of the medieval church

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TURNING POINT:

Council of Chalcedon

AD 45031

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312 1204

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600 800 1000


400 700 900 1100500

325 - Seven Councils - 787Western OrthodoxEastern Orthodox

590 Gregory440 Leo I

*476 - End of Western Roman Empire

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Gregory The Great (540-604)* servus servorum Dei

“Servant of the Servants of God" * Defines The Early Medieval Papacy* Veneration of Mary* Baptismal Regeneration* Penance & Purgatory* Gregorian Chant

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TURNING POINT:

Mohammed Returns to Mecca

AD 63034

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The Conquest of Islam 35

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The Conquest of Islam

732 Battle of Tours Charles Martel

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Western OrthodoxEastern Orthodox

312 1204

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600 800 1000


400 700 900 1100500

The Crusades

590 Gregory


630 Islam

800 Leo III


440 Leo I

Charlemagne

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TURNING POINT:

Coronation of Charlemagne

AD 80038

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The Crusades


312 1204

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600 800 1000


400 700 900 1100500

590 Gregory


Plundering of Constantinople *

Charlemagne

630 Islam

800 Leo III


440 Leo I

1054 The Great Schism

Roman CatholicEast. Orthodox

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TURNING POINT:

The Great Schism

AD 105440

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What Caused the Schism of 1054?

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• Popes in the West vs. the Patriarchs in the East(The Bishop of Rome vs. The Other Bishops)

• The Iconoclastic Controversy

• The Filioque Controversy

• The Plundering of Constantinople in 1204 seals the schism

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The Crusades


312 1204

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600 800 1000


400 700 900 1100500

590 Gregory


Plundering of Constantinople *

Charlemagne

1198 Innocent III

630 Islam

800 Leo III


440 Leo I

1054 The Great Schism

Roman CatholicEast. Orthodox

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Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216)* Zenith of Papal Power* Not a monk but a canon lawyer,

a church administrator* Excommunication * Interdict

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The Christian Ideal

“The Christian ideal has not been tried and found wanting. It has been found difficult; and left untried.” G. K. Chesterton, What Is Wrong with The World

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Anthony (ca. 251-356)* one of the first hermit monks* Athanasius wrote his biography

The Life of Saint Anthony the Great* 311 goes to Alexandria to comfort

those persecuted under Diocletian - also probably seeking to be martyred

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Pachomius (ca. 292-348)* organized communal monasticism* 320 founded the first monastery

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Importance of Monasticism

“The rise of monasticism was, after Christ’s commission to hisdisciples, the most important - and in many ways the most beneficial -institutional event in the history of Christianity.”Mark Noll, Turning Points

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TURNING POINT:

Benedict’s Rule for Monks

c.AD 52948

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312 1204

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600 800 1000400 700 900 1100500

ca. 430 Patrick - Ireland

Early Post-Apostolic Missionary Work

ca. 521-97 Columba - Scotland

680-754 Boniface - Germany

826-69 Cyril - The Slavs

815-85 Methodius - The Slavs

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What is Waldo doing !?

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To Download The Audio, Presentations and Other materials:

www.tsfmemphis.org

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1 the gates of hell shall not prevail · turning point: council of nicaea ad 325 24 24...

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