1 the introduction

7/27/2019 1 the Introduction

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INTRODUCTION TO CIVILIZATIONAL

KNOWLEDGE(PENGENALAN ILMU KETAMADUNAN)


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Why we learn this course?

Look at the world

through different

perspectives (Lihatdunia dar i perspekt i f

yang berbeza)

Analyze some

contemporary

issues(An al isa isu

kontemporar i )

Inculcate universal

values (Tanam nilai

sejagat)

Develop excellent

personality and

confidence (Binapersonaliti dan jati diri

unggul)

The way to live in multi

cultural society (Cara ing in

hidup dalam d unia yang

Is there any clash of

civilizations? ( Betulkah

wu jud per tembunganbudaya?)


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THE IMPORTANCE OF TITAS

Learning TITAS does not mean to focus on HISTORY ,but it is to learn about aspects related to development of

a civilization so we can practice and develop them...

Belajar TITAS bukanlah bermakdud memfokuskan keatas SEJARAH, tapi belajar tentang aspek-aspek yang

membina tamadunan untuk kita mempraktikkannya dan

memperkembangkannya


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Some of main questions related tocivilizational studya) What is civilization? Apakah tamadun?

b) What is the basis for understanding the definitionand concepts of a civilization? Apakah yang menjadi landasandalam memahami pengertian dan konsep tamadun?

c) What are the measurement, values or indicators fordetermining the achievement of a civilization? Apakahukuran, nilai atau penanda aras bagi menentukan pencapaian ketamadunan bagisesuatu tamadun?


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2 CONCEPTS SHOULD BE KNOWN:

1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY (PENGAJIAN KETAMADUNAN).

2) HISTORY OF CIVIL IZATION (SEJARAH TAMADUN) .

1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY: Related to theories,

basic concepts and characteristics of a

civilization. Pengajian ketamadunan ialah teori, konsep-konsep asas dan ciri-ciribagi sesebuah tamadun.

2)HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION (ITS BIOGRAPHY):

related to its past experience from its

development, emergence and collapse (its relatedto the study of the past). Sejarah tamadun (biografi tamadun)ialahpengalaman yang dilalui oleh sesuatu tamadun daripada segi pencapaian, kemajuan dan

kemundurannya atau ringkasnya kajian mengenai masa lampau.


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1.2 DEFINITION FOR A CIVILIZATION

Current definition about the civilization: its about

material achievement based on science &technology (S & T) as what been promoted by

the Westerners. Perspektif semasa tamadun - kemajuankebendaan sesebuah masyarakat terutamanya dalam bidang sains dan

teknologi (S&T) selari dengan penonjolannya dalam tamadun Barat


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CIVILIZATION CONCEPTS

Civilization/ Tamadun/ Hadharah/Umran/Madaniyyah

Tangible: Material/physical

(building, structure, cities,

facilities, food, science &

technology, etc)

Intangible: Spiritual

(Manner, Intellectual, behavior,

feeling, ethics, culture,

personality,etc)

A bundle of Achievement & Establishment in the aspects of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Forum_Romanum_panorama_2.jpg


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OTHER DEFINITIONS ABOUT

CIVILIZATION

1) Civilization = Latin word civitas means town

(bandar) dan cities (kota). Therefore, civilization =

the establishment of municipal (perbandaran) and

cities (kota).

2) Tamaddun=Arabic word Maddanameans:

a) Manner/Moral/Ethics & Religiousity refinement..

b) The establishment of a city, town or residential


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Def in i tion acco rding to Scholars

a) Ibn Khaldun:Civilization = umranwhich refers to

development & advancement of flourishing and prosperity oflives in the aspect of social, industrial & cultural organization.

These include the needs of food, clothes, house facilities, etc

b) M.A.Beg; Spiritual and material achievement occurred in a

city.

c) Will Durant: A social order that increase productivity,

cultral, which consist of 4 elementseconomics resources,

political system, moral traditions and arts.

d)Arnold Toynbee: Social system which help people to

increase productivity which consist of 4 elements economic

materials, political system, knowledge, and arts.


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Def ini t ion accord ing to Scho lars (cont .)

e) Syed Qutb: Modernization which developed by

social system, governance, economics, and cultural

that based on Allahs jurisprudence and Islamic

ethics (akhlak).

f) Oswald Spengler: Western Civilization

emphasizes on materials which brings to

modernization to the society.

g) Albert Schwetzer: Modernization that

complement spiritual enhancement


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1.3. RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION

A civilization could not be seperated fromreligion? religion is the one which definesabout the life for an individual/ a societywhereby it effects are related to human life.Tamadun tidak dapat dipisahkah dari agama? - agama berperanan membentuk

pandangan semesta seseorang dan sesebuah masyarakat serta perilaku tindakanmereka dalam kehidupan


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a) Toynbee -- in the course if its evolution, a civilisationproduced, among other things, a universal state and higher

form of religion.

b) Thomas Berry -- Oriental civilisation such China and

India which could not be exactly understood unless with

referring to the greatest religions in Asia.


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c) Edward Sullivan - Muslim civilisation was theproduct of Muslim religion.

d)Ali Shariati pula - Islam is the main factor fordevelopment in Islamic civilization.


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1.5 RELATIONSHIP OF CIVILIZATION WITH

HUMAN CULTURE

A CIVILIZATION is very related to the

history and tradition/ culture of a place.Tamadun mempunyai pertalian rapat dengan sejarah dan tradisi/ budayakawasa geografi tertentu


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1.6 CIVILIZATION PROCESS

a) From uncivilized to civilized nation. Prosesyang dilalui oleh sesuatu masyarakat daripada tidak bertamadun

(uncivilized) kepada bertamadun (civilized).

b) From simple society to complex society.Masyarakat simpel mudah (simple society) kepada masyarakat kompleks

(complex society).


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1.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF A

CIVILIZATION

1)Building & Structures:

Ibn. Khaldun said civilization as social & culturalorganization, hadharah, Urbanization with clean

air, enough food, sources of food, development,

sewerage and irrigation.


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2) Language & Writing :

For the purpose of interaction and communication to

disseminate the information and ideas


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3) Land (specific area):

a society with 5,000 people living in one place, having

a written language and monument


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4) Needs:Social order,Social development, clean air, enough food

(sources of food), sewerage and irrigation. There are 3 levels

of human needs in Islm, i.e. Daruriyyat, Hajiyyat &

Tahsiniyaat.


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5) Social & community Institution:

Social organization based on status, hierarchy andraces such elite (landlord) group & servant group,

privilege


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6) Religion:Doctrine to Guide:

holy book,recognized teaching

brought by a

recognized prophet

send by God, man as

vicegerent on earth,

mortality of creation


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7) Governance system:

Start from the family context, social, states, nations

in order to manage & coordinate human needs and

responsibility. It also includes the form of

legislative, civil services, council, police, military,

Prime Minister

Office Complex


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8) Arts & Culture:the symbol of life cohesiveness and group

membership as a way of life and

entertainment


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9) Economy:

The transaction of items for the life survival

and upgrade the lifestyle and needs.


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10) Science & Technology:

the innovative and creative product in various

field such agriculture, transportation, etc


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11) Education:

Character building, knowledge based society,

inner transformation, realizing the reality of men

& life)


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12) Family institution

(cooperation among family members, living

together, guide by local rules and values)


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13) Development

( Based on morality, justice, & ownership )


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14) Sovereignty

Ethics and morality as foundation for

nation stability


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1.7. Factors of Emergence of Civilization

Religious boostStrategic Geographical

areas

Positive Influences

Appreciation of

Moral Values

Depressing distressExperience


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a. Stategic location for a settlement whereby there

are natural resources could be found for their living.Kedudukan strategik sesebuah penempatan masyarakat memperoleh sumber-

sumber semula jadi untuk kelangsungan kehidupan.

b. Religion and spiritual boost. Rangsangan keagamaan dankerohanian.

c. Application of high moral and values amongthe leaders and society. Penghayatan yang tinggi terhadapmoral dan nilai terpuji oleh pemimpin dan masyarakatnya.

d. Depressing stress of life faced by a

nation. Kesengsaraan hidup yang dialami oleh sesebuah masyarakat.

e. Mutual tolerance to other civilizations. Toleransiyang tinggi terhadap sumbangan tamadun-tamadun yang lain.

1 8 F lli f t f Ci ili ti


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1.8. Falling factors of Civilization

Natural Disaster

Moral Decay

among Leaders

Closed

mindedness to

improvement

and changes

Obvious differences

between wealthycommunities from

deprived people

Depression and abundance

of human rights


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Topic Review Assignment:

Discuss some factors that might

bring natural disaster to the world.See topic:Bencana: ujian atau hukuman Allh

SWT? (Book: Asar Abdul Karim. (2007). Cintakan Allh

SWT: Satu Realiti, Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Pustaka Aman

Press. Sdn. Bhd, 4200-A, Simpang Tiga Telipot, Jalan

Sultan Yahya Petra, 15700 Kota Bharu. ISBN 978-983-

867-265-8)*This book is available at UMP library.


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Students Centred Learning activity:

The collapse of a civilization is like a life

wheel. In the first stage it would be in

good condition heading to the excellence,

but at the final it will decrease gradually

with such wealthiness and corruption?Discuss about this statement .Kemerosotan sesebuah tamadun adalah putaran hidup.

Pada peringkat permulaan ia berjaya kerana nilai-nilai

baik, tetapi selepas mencapai kejayaan, nilai-nilai

tersebut merosot kerana limpahan kemewahan dan

penyelewengan? Bincangkan.


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Based on history, a civilization could collapse based on

these factors:a. Unjust happens such as the oobvious differences

between wealthy communities from deprived

people. Berlakunya ketidakadilan dengan wujudnya jurang perbezaan yang begituketara antara golongan kaya dengan miskin.

b.Depression and abundance of human rights.Berleluasanya penindasan dan kezaliman sehingga persoalan hak-hak kemanusiaan

diketepikan sama sekali.


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c) Moral decay prevails among society especially their

leaders. Keruntuhan moraldan nilai dalam masyarakat terutama di kalanganpemimpin. Musnahnya penghayatan terhadap budi pekerti yang murni dan mulia

d) Closed/ narrow mindedness topositive improvement or changes.Sikaptertutup - tidak menerima perubahan terutamanya dari segi perubahan teknologi atauperubahan dalam struktur politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Merencatkan daya kreativiti daninovasi sesebuah masyarakat dan seterusnya menyebabkan mereka berada dalamkeadaan yang beku atau jumud berpanjangan.


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Students Homework

1)How to develop a person to be civilized in

Individual, Family, Society and Nation scope?.

(SCL & Group Discussion).

2) Please describes the characteristics ofCivilized

Person according to your religious belief.


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TOOLS TO BE CIVILIZED PERSON

HUMAN BEING

EXPERIENCES

ATTITUDE & ETHICS

SKILLS &

EXPERTISE

KNOWLEDGE

EXCELLENCE

IN

LIFE (World & Hereafter)


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INTELLIGENT PERSON

Human Being

Adversity

Quotient(AQ)

Emotional

Quotient (EQ)

Spiritual

Quotient (SQ)

Intelligence

Quotient (IQ)

TOWERING PERSONALITY

Sternberg (1997), Goleman (1995), Ary Ginanjar (2001), Stoltz, IQ

only constitutes 10-20% for ones success, the rest are for EQ, SQ &

AQ.


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1.9 SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

CIVILIZATIONS

Characteristics for the similarities and

differences between civilizations couldbe seen in the context of THEOLOGY

and ETHICS.

Ciri-ciri perbezaan dan persamaan antara tamadun boleh dilihatterutamanya dalam konteks teologi dan etika.


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1.9 CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTION

Within its cultural scope (Dalam Lingkungan

Budaya Yang Sama) Within its different cultural scope (Interaksi

Dengan Budaya Yang Berbeza)

Interaction with the dominant culture

(Interaksi Antara Peradaban Yang DominanDengan Yang Tidak Dominan)


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1.10 CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE

a) Its definition

b) How to inculcate it, especially in Malaysia?

a)Dialogue in daily life aspects

b)Dialogue in societal matters

c)Principles for the Civilizational Dialogue

d)Problems faced by the dialogue.


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CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE situation

in Malaysia and the world

United Nation resolution 53/22 states that

2001 is the Civilizational Dialogue for the

world. Resolusi perhimpunan agung Bangsa Bangsa Bersatu 53/22yang telah mengisytiharkan tahun 2001 sebagai Tahun Dialog Antara

Peradaban Sedunia


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CONCLUSION

a) All etnics in Malaysia and the world should stand

on the universal values and promote them.

b) The civilizational study is a very important thing

to be highlighted in nowadays.

c) In Malaysia, civilizational dialogue is a MUST for the

continuation of Malaysian civilization. Di Malaysia dialogperadaban amat perlu sebagai wahana bagi kesinambungan tamadun Malaysia


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d) The dialogue is very important to developbasic spiritual values in sustaining the

development of the physical aspects withoutneglecting the need to develop human sincehuman is the core thing for all developments Dialog penting untuk membina tapak asas nilai spiritual yang kukuh bagimemastikan pembangunan material yang pantas dengan tidakmeminggirkan keperluan pembangunan insan yang merupakan tujuanakhir segala pembangunan material-fizikal tersebut


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Civilization is the achievement and development in the aspects of the

thought, intellect, ethics and behaviours that constitutes human

personality. Tamadun adalah pencapaian, perkembangan/ pembangunan dalam aspekpemikiran, intelek, etika, dan ikap yang membentuk jati diri manusia.

IN SHORT

Aspects:

- Perception

- Behaviours i.e.

Good moral

behaviours

akhlak.

Fields:- Politic

- Economy

-Social

-Science &

Tecnology

- etc

Objective:

Towering

personalities


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Any Reminder / Debriefing

about the topic in Topic 1


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THANK YOUTERIMA KASIH

1 the introduction

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