1. the massacres in basarabia - survivors … · 1. the massacres in basarabia the last committee...

17
1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to right: Summer Zitterman, Iosif Broitman, Bernard Walter, Sacha Diagot, Aizic Schichtman, Schmerl Shoihat, Burach Blank, Suchar Roitman, Simon Grunberg, Cripps, Leibis Galavata, Iankel Tenenboim (Nr. 18)

Upload: ngotuong

Post on 20-Jun-2018

215 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA

The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution.

From left to right: Summer Zitterman, Iosif Broitman, Bernard Walter, Sacha Diagot, Aizic

Schichtman, Schmerl Shoihat, Burach Blank, Suchar Roitman, Simon Grunberg, Cripps, Leibis

Galavata, Iankel Tenenboim (Nr. 18)

Page 2: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

2. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA

- Top: Jewish hostages shot by the Gestapo in the garden of the “Old Sobor” (Old

Assembly) in Balti.

- Bottom: Another aspect of the garden with Jewish cadavers.

Page 3: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

3. THE GHETTO OF BALTI

- Top: In the yard of the Moldova Bank.

- Bottom: A corner of the ghetto.

Page 4: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

4. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA

- Top: Report of the Great Praetor regarding the small groups of surviving Jews in the

District of Balti. (Reproduced at Nr. 14, page 93)

- Bottom: Deposition regarding the shooting of 485 Jews in the camp Tatarasi-Chilia.

(Reproduced at Nr. 29, page 71)

Page 5: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

5. THE GHETTO OF CHERNOVITZ

- Top: Disposition of the Bucovina Governor to concentrate the Jews in a ghetto in

Chernovitz. (Reproduced at Nr. 96, page 124)

- Bottom: Ordinance forbidding the Jews to pass on their material possessions prior to

entering the ghetto. (Reproduced at Nr. 99, page 157)

Page 6: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

6. DESPAIR

- Top: Telegrams written in naïve code language, requesting in vain support from

Bucharest to avoid the Kishinev deportation. (Reproduced at Nr. 85, page 129)

- Bottom: The ending of the letter sent by the president of the Jewish Community in

Radauti to the president of the FUJC, asking for help that never came. (Reproduced at

Nr. 161, page 314)

Page 7: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

7. DEATH SENTENCE

The first and last page of the letter sent by Ion Antonescu on October 19, 1941 to

Dr. W. Filderman, the president of the Federation of Unions of Jewish Communities.

(Reproduced in its entirety at Nr. 103, page 184)

Page 8: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

8. LOOTINGS

Notice letter and side notes from the Great Praetor, General Ion Topor, regarding the lootings in

Atachi. (Reproduced at Nr. 106, page 188)

Page 9: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

9. SCENES FROM TRANSNISTRIA

- Top: Dr. W. Filderman deported to Moghilev.

- Bottom: Children in the ghetto of Moghilev.

Page 10: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

10. SCENES FROM TRANSNISTRIA

- Top: Jews who lagged behind the convoy, shot and robbed.

- Bottom: In the aftermath of a convoy, between Birzula and Grozdovca.

Page 11: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

11. TRANSNISTRIA

- Top: Slave Labor – Heading out to work.

- Bottom: Slave Labor – Coming back to camp.

Page 12: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

12. SCENES FROM TRANSNISTRIA

- Top: The Cemetery in Shargorod.

- Bottom: The cemetery in Bershad. In its center stands the monument erected in

memory of the 20,000 deported Jews who died in Bershad.

Page 13: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

13. CHILDREN FROM TRANSNISTRIA

Page 14: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

14. RELIEF EFFORTS

Messages from the president of Jewish Communities of Switzerland, Saly Mayer, to the

underground leadership of the Romanian Jews. The conventional language and attempts at

camouflage – the message on the right was written on the wrapper of a razor blade – were of no

avail. The documents were handed directly to the Gestapo, and then transmitted to their intended

recipients.

(Reproduced at Nr. 212 and 217)

Page 15: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

15. Left: ORPHAN IMMIGRATION Right: DECEIT

- Left: The first page of a message sent to the underground Jewish leadership by Mr.

Charles Barlas, Director of the Jewish Agency. (Reproduced at Nr. 224)

- Right: German R.K.K.S. marcs (Reichsskreditkassenschein), a fake currency without

any leverage that circulated only in the occupied territories in the East.

Page 16: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

16. CYNICISM – The first and last page of a letter sent by Ion Antonescu to the architect

Clejan, whereby he conveys his regrets regarding the insufficient scope of the Jewish deportation

and extermination project. (Reproduced in its entirety at Nr. 255)

Page 17: 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA - survivors … · 1. THE MASSACRES IN BASARABIA The last committee of the Jewish Community in Balti, one hour prior to their execution. From left to

17. MAP OF TRANNISTRIA AND PROVINCES AFFECTED BY MASSIVE

DEPORTATIONS

Detail bottom left: The city and ghetto of Chernovitz.

Legend: Dotted line = Convoy Routes

Solid black dot = Localities where large-scale massacres took place

Solid black line = Massacres as the fascist troops advanced into Chernovitz

Striped area = The ghetto of Chernovitz