Semester Exam

1) The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to

(A) Test the new process of amendment described In the Constitution (B) protect rights not specified in the Constitution (C) strengthen the power of the federal government (0) restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation (E) clarify the federal relationship among the states

2. Which of the following statements about the American System" is correct'

(A) It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812. . (B) It was strongly promoted by' Andrew Jackson. (C) It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for five years. (D) It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. (E) It called for an end to the European presence in South America. 3. In 1861 the North went to war with the South

(A)primarily to liberate the slaves (B) Prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs (c) Preserve the Union (D) Avenge political defeats and insults inflicted by the South (E) Forestall a Southern invasion of the North 4. Which of the following statements best describes the clothing industry in the late

nineteenth century'?

(A) Because of the emphasis on domesticity clothing manufacture became primarily a home industry. (B) The discovery of new fabrics such as nylon and polyester led to more comfortable and functional clothing (C) The United States began to import increasing quantities of clothing. Sending American industries into depression. (D) Styles became increasingly ornate and clothing became much more expensive. (E) The sewing machine made mass manufacturing of clothing possible and clothing more affordable.

5) Which of the following was the most broadly based labor organization in the late nineteenth century? (A) American Federation of Labor (B) Knights of Labor (C) The Grange (0) Congress of Industrial Organizations-" (E) Industrial Workers of the World 6) The Seneca Falls "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" dealt with

(A) the abolition of slavery (B) Colonial opposition to British taxes (C) Working conditions of children in factories (0) the concern of fanners over railroad rates (E) women's rights

Semester Exam

7) The principle of separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites was set down in .' (A) The Dred Scott decision (B) Bakke v. Board of Regents (C)Brown v. Board of Education (0) Plessey v Ferguson (E) Roe v, Wade 8) All of the following statements about indentured servitude in colonial America arc

true EXCEPT:

(A) Indentured servants were primarily young men. (B) Indentured servants provided most of the labor in tobacco cultivation in the seventeenth century. (C) Indentured servants could not be sold as property. (D) Indentured servants came primarily from the unemployed and lower classes. (E) Indentured servants were replaced by black slaves in the southern colonies by the early eighteenth century.

9) The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?

(A) Introduced a tax on tea (B) Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market. (C) forbade all colonial trade with the French West Indies. (D)Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle. (E) Announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council. 10. Which or the following contributed most to the American victory in the

Revolution'?

(A) French military and financial assistance (B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action (C) A major American military victory at Valley Forge (D) Support from the French Canadian (E) The British failure to capture Philadelphia

11. When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, -We are all republicans-we are all federalists,"

he meant

(A) Americans would never ally themselves with monarchal governments (B) Federalists would be appointed to his cabinet (C) the two panics' platforms were identical (D) the principles of American government were above party politics (E) He admired Hamilton'. Policies 12. Which of the following stressed the importance of individual inspiration, self-

reliance, and dissent? And nonconformity?

(A) George Whitefield (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) James Fennimore Cooper (D) Joseph Smith (E) Abigail Adams

13. All of the following account for native’s sentiment against the "new immigrants" of

the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants (A) Practiced different religions (B) had different languages and cultures (C) Were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers (D) Were not familiar with the United States political system (E) Dominated the professions of law, medicine. And engineering

Semester Exam

14. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is NOT

accurate?

(A) It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States. (B) It freed slaves only in the Confederacy or in areas of active rebellion (C) It led to the creation of all-black units in the Union Army. (D) It was issued in part because slave labor was helping the Confederate cause. (E) It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war. 15. The Pendleton Act was enacted in response to (A) efforts to raise tariffs on imported cloth (B) The assassination of President James Garfield (C) protests against civil service examinations (D) complaints about currency deflation (E) The loss of public support for both political parties 16) Which of the following colonial powers exercised the least amount of control over

the commercial and political practices in their colonies?

(A) Portugal (B) The Netherlands (C) Great Britain (D) France (E) Spain, 17)Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?

(A) She would be sentenced to debtors' prison tor debts incurred by her husband. . (B) She could vote as her husband's proxy in elections. (C) She generally lost control of her property when she married. (D) She was the prime beneficiary by Iaw of her husband's estate. (E) Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband. 18) President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to

(A) Spanish expansion in the Southeast . (B) Dutch economic activity in the Mid-Atlantic States (C) Canadian alliances with northern American Indians (D)French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance (E) English boycotts of selected American manufactures 19. The Hartford Convention was a manifestation 'of (A) New England Federalist opposition to the War of I8J2 (B) New England's desire to end United States trade with Great Britain (C) Northern gratitude to General Jackson for his victory at New Orleans (D) The War Hawks' impatience with President Madison's conduct of foreign policy (E) Western resentment against British-backed American Indian attacks

Semester Exam

Ala Ark Del fla ga ky la md miss mo nc 20) The graph Above refutes which of the following statements? (A) There were more Black people than White people in the antebellum South. (B) Most southern families held slaves. (C) Most southern families lived in rural areas. (D) The southern population was much smaller than that of the North. (E) Slaveholders were an extremely powerful group.

Semester Exam

21. Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in

American cities at the end of the nineteenth century?

(A) Fewer poor people moved to the cities in the late nineteenth century. (B) Cities began to provide free medical care to those who needed it (C) Doctors began to provide free medical care to poor people. (d) Better transportation enabled more people to seek medical care. (E) Cities built sewers and supplied purified water. 22. Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of "bread and

butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and

improved working conditions?

(A) The Knights of Labor (B) The Molly Maguires (C) The American Federation of Labor (0) the Industrial Workers of the World (E) the National Labor Union 23. In the election of 1844.

(A) Polk narrowly won on a platform of expansion, lower tariff and Independent Treasury (B) Polk won a large election mandate for Manifest Destiny' (C) The Whig Party kept control of the White House (D) Van Buren defeated Clay over the Bank Issue (E) Van Buren and Clay agreed to support Manifest Destiny 24. The "Trail of Tears" refers to

(A) The removal of the Cherokees and other Native American tribes to Oklahoma (B) The difficulties new immigrants faced in getting to the United States (C) The migration of freed slaves to the North after the Civil War (D) Child labor in nineteenth-century factories (E) Conditions on slave ships coming to the colonies in the seventeenth century

25. The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to

(A) raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America (B) Reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods (C) fund the colonial postal system (D) Impose I mercantilist system on the colonies (E) reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures 26. Which of the following is not paired correctly?

(A) Cyrus McCormick-Commonwealth vs. Hunt (B) Boston Associates Lowell factories (C) Cyrus Field-under sea telegraph cable (D) Eli Whitney-interchangeable parts (E) Samuel Slater-Pawtucket mill 27. Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to

(A) Remove the French from forts along the Mississippi Valley (B) Acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops (C) Acquire territory for the expansion of slavery (D) oppose New England Federalism (E) Demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wan

Semester Exam

28. Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT

(A) Indian removal (B) The right of nullification (C) The removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States (D) Annexation of new territory (E) Use of the presidential veto power 29. When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its

immediate effect was to

(A) End the Civil War (B) Abolish silvery (C) Free slaves held in the border slates (D) alienate Britain and France • (E) Strengthen the moral cause of the Union 30. Helen Hunt Jackson', A Century of Dishonor was significant because it aroused

public awareness of the

(A) Injustice of having taken land from Mexico in the Southwest (B) Need for reforms in federal land policy (C) Wrongs that the federal government had inflicted on American Indians (D) Hardships endured by Chinese laborers while building the transcontinental railroad (E) Plight of sharecroppers in the Deep South 31. The Virginia Resolves

(A) Declared Virginia's secession from the Union (B) created tube House of Burgesses (C) Protested against the Stamp Act of 1765 (D) put forward Virginia's claim 10 western lands (E) Created the Loyalist position during the American Revolution 32... The Compromise of 1850 provided a concession to the South by

(A) Allowing slavery in New Mexico and Utah (B) Permitting the slave trade to continue in the District of Columbia (C) Having slavery in Nebraska and Kansas determined by popular sovereignty (D) Creating a new Fugitive Slave Law (E) Determining how new states would be admitted to the Union 33. Dorothea Dix is most closely associated with which area of social reform in the

first half of the nineteenth century .

(A) Area of Temperance movement (B) Women's rights (C) Settlement house movement (D) Abolitionist cause (E) Prisons and asylums 34. Which or the following historians are most closely associated with the idea that

economic factors have shaped American history?

(A) Frederick Jackson Turner (B) William Bradford (C) Charles Beard (D) Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. (E) Alfred Thayer Mahan

Semester Exam

35. Which of the following beliefs was central to eighteenth-century Deism?

(A) God gave the Bible to human beings to guide their behavior. (B) God created a universe governed by natural law. (C) Christ is the Redeemer of the human race. (D) All human beings are born in sin. (E) God's existence has been proven by supernatural revelation 36. By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in

republican government,

(A) sovereignty was located in the people (B) Parliament (C) State governments (D) factions (E) Centralized government 37. In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts

were

(A) Young unmarried women from rural New -England (B) Newly arrived immigrants from Ireland (C) men who were heads of households (D) Married women whose children were of school age (E) Free African Americans from urban areas

38 The first proprietary colony was

(A) Jamestown (B) Carolina (C) Maryland (D) Massachusetts Bay (E) New Amsterdam 39) The Sherman Anti-Trust Actor 1890 was

(A) effective in restoring competition (B) declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court (C) supported by John D. Rockefeller (D) Not immediately successful in limiting business concentration (E) Passed by Congress over the veto or President Benjamin Harrison 40. Which of the following is properly considered the main purpose of the Navigation

Acts?

(A) The promotion 01 trade among the colonies (B) The protection of American manufacturing from foreign competition (C) To guarantee that England alone would profit from trade with the colonies . . (D) To raise revenue for maintaining the British Empire (E) The regulation of the slave trade in the colonies . 41. The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain's policy of salutary

neglect to

(A) Establish religious freedom as a fundamental right (B) Work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries (C) Introduce the practice of slavery into the New World (D) Establish a standing army E) Make favorable territorial settlements with the French

Semester Exam

42. As originally ratified. The United States Constitution provided for

(A) Political parties (B) A presidential cabinet (C) The direct election of senators (D) an electoral college (E) two-term presidential limit 43. The Dred Scott decision held that a slave

. (A) Could sue for his freedom in the courts (B) became free when transported to free territory (C) was private property even in a free territory .(D) Was a citizen when in free territory? (E) Could not be transported out of a slave state 44. The vision or America as a country or yeoman farmers is most often associated

with

(A) George Washington (B) Alexander Hamilton (C) Benjamin Franklin (D) Thomas Jefferson (E) Andrew Jackson

JOIN OR DIE

45. Which of the following best describes the message or this cartoon?

(A) A plea for keeping the Union together on the eve of the Civil War (B) An appeal to the colonies to unify against the threat from France (C) An appeal to slaveholding states against the Missouri Compromise (D) A call for Native American tribes to unite against white settlers . (E) A plea to end sectional differences over tariff policy 46. The early nineteenth-century Native American leader who urged the Indian tribes in

the Old Northwest Territory to unify to protect their lands was

(A) Chief Joseph (B) Geronimo (C) Tecumseh (D) Powhatan (E) King Philip

Semester Exam

47. When Lincoln met Harriet Beecher Stowe he reportedly said "So you're the little lady

who stated the war." Actually an earlier female could also lay claim to that honor.

She precipitated a crisis in Jackson’s cabinet that forced Vice-President Calhoun out of

office, and cemented him more deeply into a position as spokesman (or the slave

South. Who was the earlier woman who also "started the war"?

(A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton (B) Abigail Adams (C) Peggy Eaton (D) Rachel Donnellson (E) Mercy Otis Warren 48. The individual who best represented the Enlightenment in colonial America was

(A) Anne Hutchinson (B) George Whitefield (C) Alexander Hamilton (D) William Bradford (E) Benjamin Franklin 49. Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time

Europeans first began colonization?

(A) Their economies depended entirely on hunting and gathering. (B) Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans. (C) Their populations were immune to European diseases. (D) Their warriors rarely engaged in intertribal warfare. (E) Their cultures made no distinction between men's work and women's work. 50. In the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of slavery in British

North America?

(A) It was prohibited only in Massachusetts and Connecticut. (B) It was opposed by the Anglican Church. (C) Slaves officially accounted for more than thirty percent of the colonial population. (D) The number of slaves increased rapidly in the last quarter of the century. (E) Most slaves lived on plantations with fifty or more slaves. 51. The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT

(A) Funding of the national debt (B) Nullification of all private debts to the states (C) imposition of a tax on distilled liquor (D) Establishment of the Bank of the United States (E) assumption of all state debts

52. Which of the following was not associated with our foreign relations with France in

the 1790s?

(A) XYZ affair (B) Citizen Genet (C) Undeclared naval war, 1798 (D) Treaty of 1778 (E) Barbary pirates

Semester Exam

53. In the antebellum period, free African Americans were

(A) Given the right of suffrage in most states (B) Protected from kidnapping under stringent provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act (C) Educated in integrated schools in most northern states (D) Able to settle in states in the Middle West without legal restriction (E) Able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination 54. Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most

controversy in the 1850’s?

(A) The admission of California as a free state (B) The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession (C) The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia ( D) The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia (E) The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law 55. The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to

(A) Assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture (B) Recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians (C) Legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholdings (D) Restore ·to American Indians land seized unjustly (E) remove all American Indians to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

56. Which of the following is true of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

(A) It had little immediate impact on the regulation of large corporations. (B) It quickly limited the number of mergers taking place. (C) It led to federal control of the railroads. (D) It forced businesses to adopt pooling agreements. (E) It ended effective cooperation between business and the federal government 57. The principle of freedom of the press in colonial America was established by the

(A) Articles of Confederation (B) Bill of Rights (C) Virginia House of Burgesses (D) Trial of Peter Zenger (E) Mayflower Compact 58. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Coercive Acts?

(A) They were directed against all of the colonies. (B) They were called the Intolerable Acts by the colonists. (C) They significantly strengthened colonial unity. (D) They led to, boycott of British goods in the colonies. (E) They were the British response to the Boston Tea Party.

59. Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century

were primarily seeking to

(A) Recreate an Old World feudalistic society in the New World (B) Create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world (C) Create a refuge for political dissidents (D) profit economically (E) Increase the glory or Great Britain.

Semester Exam

60. Andrew Jackson opposed the Second Bank of the U.S. for many reasons. Which of

the following is not a reason why Jackson opposed The B. U.S.?

(A) The ability of the Bank to influence Congressmen through loans (B) The influence of the Bank over the lending policies of state banks (C) The inability of the Bank to provide a sound currency a sound currency (D) The concentration of the Bank in the hands of the wealthy in the Northeast and in Europe (E) The Bank was a monopoly and it was unconstitutional

6 I. The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?

(A) Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas. (B) Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secures the presidency in 1824. (C) Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America. (D) Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes. (E) Asserted American independence in the realm of foreign policy. 62. All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures

EXCEPT the

(A) Enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures (B) Outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis (C) Massive exodus of former slaves from the South (D) election of former Confederates to Congress (E) Response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment 63. To Andrew Jackson, the spoils system

(A) Denied qualified persons the right to keep federal jobs (B) was needed in the absence of civil service laws (C) Benefited the political process (D) Was a political practice beyond his ability to control (E) kept him from appointing his friends to political office

64. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued that the right to determine the

constitutionality of a Jaw passed by Congress rested an

(A) Congress (B) the states (C) the President (D) The Supreme Court (E) the vote of the people

65. Hamilton proposed a tariff soon after the launching or the United States

government in order to

(A) stop the export of raw materials to Great Britain (B) help develop manufacturing in the United States (C) help develop the American labor movement (D) Punish Great Britain for postwar harassment of American shipping (E) Support the creation of an American merchant marine

66. At the end of the War of 1812 Daniel Webster opposed the protective tariff. Fifteen

years later 'he had switched his position to favoring protective tariffs why?

(A) British dumping of low priced products after the War of 1812 ruined many American industries. (B) The base of the New England economy changed from shipping and commerce to industrial production. (C) The Jeffersonian Democrats, had originally opposed the concept of a protective tariff, changed to supporting protective tariffs and forced the Federalist Party to adopt the opposite position. (D) Anger over Calhoun's "Exposition and Protest" turned most Northerners in favor of free trade. (E) Webster supported Clay's American System in exchange for Clay's support of Webster's proposal for a second Bank of the United States.

Semester Exam

67. The high wages enjoyed by colonial workers were primarily caused by

(A) Little competition from English craftsmen (B) monopolies granted by town councils (C) Restrictions of the guild system (D) Existence of so much land (E) Laws against manufacturing 68, the ideas of an Englishman and a Frenchman strongly influenced the Founding

Fathers when they wrote the Constitution .They were

(A) John Locke and de Tocqueville (B) Edmund Burke and Lafayette (C) Alexander Hamilton arid Montesquieu (D) James Madison and Lafayette (E) John Locke and Montesquieu 69. In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because

(A) Its goals had been accomplished (B) Most Americans rejected the goal of colonizing Black people (C) William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members (D) new sentiment in Congress favoring abolitionism Lead to disagreement over the rights of former slaves (E) The death or Elijah P. Lovejoy created I struggle for power within the organization

70. The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890’s for all of the

following reasons EXCEPT

(A) The failure of the People's Party in the 1896 election (B) Massive immigration into urban areas that led to higher prices for agricultural products (C) Crop failures in Europe that led to an Increase in United States grain exports (D) The 1898 Yukon, old strike that increased the United States government’s supply of gold and eased farmers' access to credit (E) The absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor) 71. D. W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial

because of its

(A) Portrayal of the Sons of Liberty as a radi.cal mob (B) celebration of American freedoms at I time of protest against radical groups (C) Celebration of America's cultural diversity (D) Depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable (E) Sympathetic treatment of Germany in the years before the First World War 72. According to Jay’s Treaty

(A) The British agreed finally to evacuate the Northwest post! (B) All prewar colonial debts were canceled (C) American "Rights to the Mississippi River were secured (D) a definite boundary between the United States and Canada was secured And extended to the Great Lakes region (E) the British agreed not to take any more American sailors off merchant ships

73. The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation

was its establishment of

(A) bicameral legislature (B) A system for orderly settlement of the West (C) general postwar prosperity (D) Long-term sectional harmony (E) I termination date for the international slave trade

Semester Exam

74. The goals of educational reformers in the antebellum years included all of the

following EXCEPT

(A) Compulsory school-attendance laws (B) The use of state and local tax money to finance public education (C) the establishment of teacher-training schools (D) a standardized length for the school year (E) federal financing of secondary education 75. Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true?

(A) The six states of New England were the first to have complete woman suffrage. (B) Woman suffrage was introduced in the South during Radical Reconstruction. (C) No state granted woman suffrage before 1900. (D) The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. (E) California and Oregon were the first states to have complete woman suffrage.

76. In the seventeenth century, the Great Migration refers to the

(A) settlement of the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay (B)Trade in slaves between West Africa and the West Indies (C) immigration of Irish to the colonies (D) Expansion of white settlement across the Appalachian Mountains (E) Settlement of French-speaking Canadians in Louisiana 77. The term "scalawag" was used to describe

(A) Homeless unemployed freedmen in the South (B) Former plantation owners who had lost their lands (C) Native while Southerners who cooperated with the Republicans (D) Union soldiers who occupied the South during Reconstruction (E) Northerner who came to the postwar South to take lucrative federal appointments

78. Which of the following is a direct social change brought about by the American

Revolution?

(A) The emancipation of slaves who fought against the British (B) The elimination of property qualifications for voting (C) An end to religious requirements for holding political office (D) Recognition of the right of women to inherit property (E) Complete separation of church and state 79. Which of the planks from the 1892 Populist Party platform showed a concern with

issues raised by organized labor?

(A) Graduated income tax. (B) Restrictions on immigration (C) Government ownership of the railroads (D) Unlimited coinage of silver (E) Direct election of senators 80. The Monroe: Doctrine stated all of the following policies EXCEPT

(A) North and South America were no longer open to European colonization, • (B) Existing colonies would not be bothered by the United States. (C) The United States would intervene in the problems South American countries had with other nations. (D) The colonies Europeans had had in the Western Hemi-sphere were forever lost. (E) The United States would not involve itself in the affairs of European nations.

Semester Exam

81. Which of the following events occurred LAST? (A) The South Carolina Ordinance of Secession (B) Abraham Lincoln’s inauguration (C) The surrender of Fort Sumter (D) The secession of Virginia (E) The secession of Alabama

82. The Pilgrims were also known as Separatists because they

(A) Wanted to separate Plymouth from the Massachusetts Bay Colony (B) Believed in the complete separation of church and state (C) broke all ties with the Church of England (D) Were the first to declare independence from Great Britain (E) tried to isolate the Native Americans from white settlers?

83. in Marbury v. Madison. Chief Justice John Marshall argued successfully that the

Supreme Court could

(A) Declare federal laws unconstitutional (B) Remove federal officials who would not or could not perform their duties (C) Determine cases involving interstate commerce (D) Decide whether debts should be considered in contracts (E) Uphold the authority of the federal government over the states 84. Which of the following was an attempt to enlarge church membership in order to

include those faithful members who had not become one of the visible saints or

“elect??”

(A) Cambridge Platform 1648 (B) Child Petition 1646 1616 (C) Massachusetts Body of Liberties. 1641 (D) Half Way Covenant. 1662 (E)) Mayflower Compact. 1620 85. the most important consequence of the Boston Tea Party was the

(A) Repeal of the tax on tea (B) Failure of other colonies to support Boston's actions (C) Opening of negotiations between Britain and Massachusetts (D) Enactment by Parliament of the Coercive Acts (E) reopening of the Port of Boston to foreign trade 86. The outcome of the disputed election of 1816 was significant because it

(A) Was the last victory for the Radical Republicans (B) meant the end of Reconstruction? (C) marked the beginning of a long line of Democratic Presidents (D) demonstrated that black voters held the balance of power in Southern politics (E) Showed that the North and South were able to reconcile

87. The British response to the American claim of "no taxation without representation"

was that

(A) Colonial assemblies would be permitted to vote on all new taxes (B) Monies raised through taxes would be used! For internal improvements in the colonies (C) American approval was necessary (or internal taxes (D) Members of Parliament represented the interests of all people in the British Empire (E) Parliament agreed it had no authority to impose taxes on the colonies

Semester Exam

88. Senator Stephen A. Douglas managed to engineer the Compromise of 1850 by

(A) Winning the endorsement of President Zachary Taylor for the Compromise (B) Letting the southern Democrats dictate the terms of the Compromise (C) Securing passage of the different parts of the Compromise as separate laws (D) Threatening to remove political opponents from important congressional committees (E) A policy of conciliation for all factions 89. The outcome of the election 1824 between John Quincy Adams and Andrew

Jackson was decided by

(A) the Electoral College (B) Plurality of the popular vote (C) In the Senate (D) The House of Representatives (E) The "corrupt bargain" 90. In addition to the Embargo Act of 1807, a significant factor in the development of

American industry in the period 1800-1820 was

(A) The invention of the cotton gin (B) the development of railroads (C) The availability of cheap immigrant labor (D) protective tariffs' (E) The Louisiana Purchase 91. The South hoped to gain diplomatic recognition and active support from Great

Britain because . (A) Slavery was still legal in the British Empire (B) British public opinion generally supported the South (C) British factories needed Southern cotton (D) Britain wanted the help or the South to regain the Oregon (E) The North had placed high tariffs on British goods 92. The theory of nullification, according to which a state can reject a federal law, is

associated with

(A) John C. Calhoun (B) Daniel Webster (C) Andrew Jackson (D) Henry Clay (E) John Marshall 93. Which of the following was the principal target of Thomas Nast’s political

cartoons? ' (A) Slavery (B) President Andrew Johnson (C) New immigrants (D) Boss Tweed (E) Grover Cleveland 94. The Chautauqua movement was

(A) An early form of adult education (B) An effort to prevent the teaching of evolution (C) a late nineteenth-century religious revival (D) A literary movement of expatriate American authors (E) a school of fiction based in the Midwest

Semester Exam

95. Which of the following statements about colonial politics in the eighteenth century

is true?

(A) The right to vote for representatives to the colonial assemblies was severely restricted by high property Qualifications. (B) The colonial assemblies controlled taxes and expenditures. (C) The colonial assemblies had the right to elect the governor. (D) The governors had unlimited authority as agents of the king. (E) The requirements for office holding were the same as those for voting. 96. The Battle of Saratoga resulted in

(A) An embarrassing defeat for the Continental Army (B) An unsuccessful peace overture from Lord North (C) France entering the war on the side of the colonies (D) Renewed efforts of the Loyalists to enlist colonial support (E) the treason of Benedict Arnold 97. By the end of his presidency, Ulysses Grant's popularity had declined substantially

because of

(A) The corruption evident in his administration (B) His harsh and brutal policies toward the South (C) His support for "green backer" monetary policies (D) his refusal to support the Radicals in Congress (E) Revelations about his poor military leadership during the Civil War 98."If the gold delegates dare to defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will

fight them to the uppermost." Bryan's famous "cross of gold" speech called for

(A) The unlimited coinage of silver (B) Lower tariffs (C) A revival of greenback paper currency (D) Renewed religious commitment for all Americans (E) Federal and social welfare programs to deal with the Panic of 1893 99. "Forty acres and a mule" refers to

(A) The proposal to make freed slaves small-scale farmers (B) the terms of the Homestead Act of 1862 (C) The allotment given to Native Americans under the Dawes Severalty Act (D) The inducement liven recent immigrants if they would settle outside of urban centers (E) A typical homestead on The Great Plains in the 1870’s 100. "Ratification of the Constitution

(A) Required unanimous approval of the states (B) Was put to a nationwide referendum (C) Was agreed to by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention (D) Was determined by electors from each state (E) needed the approval of nine states 101. Which of the following was justified on the basis of a loose construction of the

Constitution?

1. Bank or the United States II. Louisiana Purchase III. Establishment of the postal service IV. Creation of the federal court system (A) I and II only (B) I and III only (C) II and III only (D) III and IV only (E) I, II and III only

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102."Which of the following states seceded from the Union first?

(A) South Carolina (B) North Carolina (C) Kentucky (D) Georgia (E) Virginia 103. All of the following statements about slavery and the Constitution are true

EXCEPT:

(A) There was some support for the abolition of slavery at the Constitutional Convention. (B) An important compromise allowed slaves to be included in determining representation in Congress. (C) The slave trade was immediately abolished. (D) The Constitution included a fugitive-slave clause. (E) The word "slavery" is never used in the Constitution. 104. In the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812,

(A) most American demands were satisfied (B) The Americans made substantial concessions to the British (C) the issues that had led to war were finally resolved (D) Nothing was settled beyond a restoration of the prewar status quo (E) Britain agreed to end the impressment of American seamen 105. Thomas Paine's Common Sense

(A) Was a call for the abolition of slavery? (B) Insisted that the British allow the colonies to elect their own representatives to Parliament (C) Criticized the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation (D) blamed George HI for the colonies' problems and urged Americans to declare their independence (E) Demanded that a strong executive be included in the Constitution 106. After 1815, such factors as time, cost, and distance in moving people and goods

(A) Were: increased because of the lack of internal improvement (B) Resulted in excessive land speculation (C) Were significantly reduced by the transportation revolution (D) mattered less as new market centers were developed (E) Caused a downturn in the growth of eastern cities 107. Hinton R. Helper's book The Impending Crisis of the South was intended as

(A) A refutation of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (B) an argument against slavery as an economic institution (C) a rallying cry against abolitionism (D) A condemnation of the violent acts of Preston Brooks (E) a rational defense of the practice of slavery 108. Which of the following was the main issue in Munn v. Illinois?

(A) Suppression of a major strike by the federal government (8) Monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company (C) State regulation of labor unions (D) State regulation of grain elevator operators and railroad rates (E) State prosecution of a federal official

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109. All of the following were advantages the North had over the South at the start of

the Civil War EXCEPT

(A) A larger population (B) Better military leaders (C) Greater industrial production (D) More railroad and canal networks (E) a larger navy 110. "Under our system of railroad ownership. An excessive competition exists for the

business of all competing points, while the local business of the various competing

lines is an absolute monopoly. This has naturally resulted in compelling the

corporations to do through business at rates often ruinously unrenumerative, which

again has compelled those companies to recoup themselves for their losses and secure

their profits by excessive charges on the local traffic." This passage explains which

problem that farmers faced in the late nineteenth century?

(A) Prices charged by grain-elevator operators (B) Agricultural overproduction (C) High protective tariffs (D) Long vs. short hauls (E) Heavy debt 111. Which of the following best describes the position of William Lloyd Garrison?

(A) Immediate abolition of slavery with compensation to slave owners (B) Immediate abolition of slavery without compensation to slave owners (C) Compensated liberation of slaves over a period of time (D) Prohibition of slavery in newly acquired territories (E) Freedom for all slaves in the states that had seceded from the Union 112. The decisive factor in bringing about the resolution of the dispute with Great

Britain over the Oregon Territory in 1846 was

(A) The Lewis and Clark Expedition forty years earlier (B) The major influence exercised by the Hudson's Bay Company (C) The American claim of prior discovery “ (D) the heavy influx of American settlers after 1818 (E) British reluctance to go to war against the United States

113. Andrew Jackson's view of the presidency emphasized

(A) Strong Cabinet leadership (B) Strengthening the power of the states (C) support for the nullification doctrine (D) congressional partisan leadership (E) Leadership by the executive branch in the interests of the people 114. After the Civil War, the practice of sharecropping

(A) Turned African-Americans into a labor force with housing and supplies provided by white planters (B) Taught African-Americans and whites to work together as farmers (C) Made it possible for African-Americans to save enough money to buy their own farms (D) Required African-Americans to form groups to work as gang labor (E) Forced African-Americans to migrate to the North

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115. Shays' Rebellion suggests that the most important problem facing the United

States after the Revolution was

(A) The ongoing conflict with Native Americans (B) The British refusal 10 recognize American claims to the Northwest Territory (C) Economic problems caused by debt and high taxes (D) Disputes over states' rights and the authority of the federal government (E) The danger of an open slave revolt in the South 116. The first federal agency established to regulate business was the

(A) Pure Food and Drug Administration (B) Federal Power Commission (C) Federal Reserve System (D) Interstate Commerce Commission (E) Securities and Exchange Commission

117. According to this cartoon, the

trusts

(A) Were good for the economic growth of the United States (B) were too powerful and contributed to the impoverishment of the country (C) Were in control of the food industry (D) opposed restrictions on child labor (E) Were positive examples of Social Darwinism at work?

118. The first Federal law to restrict immigration, passed in 1882, was aimed at

(A) Stopping Mexicans from crossing the border without first obtaining a visa (B) Excluding Chinese immigrants (C) Stopping immigration from Eastern Europe (D) Restricting the number of people coming into the United Slates (E) Preventing smuggling of illegal aliens over the Canadian border 119. The political cartoonist who ended Boss Tweed’s. Career is credited with

popularizing the Donkey and the elephant as symbols for the Democratic and

Republican parties. He was

(A) Richard Olney (8) Thomas Reed (C) James B. Duke (D) Albert B. Fall (E) Thomas Nast 120. In the post-Civil War period, the idea that African-Americans should concentrate

on economic betterment rather than political social equality was advanced by

(A) W. E. B. Du Bois (B) Frederick Douglass (C) Booker T. Washington (D) Marcus Garvey (E) William Lloyd Garrison

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121. Jacob Colley's 1894 march on Washington, D.C., called for

(A) tougher immigration restrictions (B) A government takeover of the railroads (C) An increase in the supply of piper money (D) recognition of the legitimacy of labor unions (E) Generosity in granting pensions to Civil War veterans 122. Which of the following colonies was founded as a haven for Catholics?

(A) Plymouth (B) New Amsterdam (C) Pennsylvania (D) Rhode Island (E) Maryland

123. The disappearance of slavery in the North resulted from

(A) Greater Northern devotion to American ideals (B) Economic competition from the South (C) Higher prices for slaves in the South (D) The economic unprofitability of slavery in a region of small farms (E) The Puritan tradition, which rejected slave holding 124. The injunction as a court order was often used in the late nineteenth and early

twentieth century to

(A) Break up trusts (B) Help farmers in danger of losing their farms (C) stop strikebreaking (D) Prevent labor unions from striking (E) protect blacks from civil rights abuses 125. Which of the following is in the correct chronological order?

(A) Articles of Confederation, Whiskey Rebellion, Constitutional Convention, Shays Rebellion (B) Shays' Rebellion, Articles of Confederation, Whiskey Rebellion, Constitutional Convention (C) Articles of Confederation, Shays' Rebellion, Constitutional Convention, Whiskey Rebellion (D) Whiskey Rebellion, Articles of Confederation, Constitutional Convention, Shays" Rebellion (E) Constitutional Convention, Articles of Confederation, Shays' Rebellion, Whiskey Rebellion 126. As a consequence of the French and Indian War,

(A) American colonists began to distrust the actions of the British government (B) Colonists feared yet another involvement in a Franco-British conflict (C) Britain gave up Florida to Spain (D) Spain yielded Cuba to Great Britain (E) The Shawnee protested against British policy in the Ohio River valley 127. During the American Revolution, the state that benefited the most from a

demand for foodstuffs

(A) Alabama (B) Pennsylvania (C) Connecticut (D) Georgia (E) Massachusetts

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128. The official reason for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was his

(A) refusal to support ratification of the fourteenth Amendment (B) Violation of the Tenure of Office Act (C) veto of the first Reconstruction Act (D) Campaigning against Radical Republicans in the election of 1866 (E) Belief that African-Americans were not equal whites 129. The trend taken by the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall was to

(A) strengthen state power at the expense of the federal government (B) Give more authority to stale courts and state laws (C) Deny the national government authority concerning interstate commerce (D) Expand the federal government's powers (E) Deprive -Native Americans of their ancestral land holdings 130. One of the consequences of the Great Awakening was

(A) A closer sense of unity between England and its colonies (D) that the Church of England was adopted by the colonies as an officially established church (C) The discussion of new ideas in religion (D) a challenge to traditional beliefs (E) A growing awareness of people in the colonies of their rights as Englishmen 131. For the from the end of Reconstruction to 1900, the position of the Supreme Court

toward civil rights is best characterized as

(A)Supporting the integration of African-Americans into society (B) Strictly interpreting the Constitution to broaden the rights of African-Americans (C) Establishing the constitutionality of segregation (D vigorously the terms of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments (E) Willing to end segregation in the South but not in the North 132. The "Critical Period" in American history refers to the

(A) decade between 1860 and Lincoln's election (U) United States under the Articles of Confederation (C) era of Jacksonian Democracy (D) New Deal (E) Rise of the United States to the status of world power from 1898 to 1920 133. During the presidency of Andrew Jackson the issue that triggered the debate over

states’ rights was

(A) tariff policy (B) Expansion of slavery (C) Indian removal (D) Internal improvements (E) Recharter of the Bank of the United States 134. Which of the following sources would NOT be useful in understanding the military

campaigns of The Civil War?

(A) Newspaper accounts (B) Diaries kept by soldiers (C) Photographs (D) Presidential speeches (E) Official unit histories

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135. Henry David Thoreau' essay on "Civil Disobedience" profoundly influenced

which set of leaders?

(A) Daniel Webster and Henry Clay (B) John Calhoun and Horace Mann (C) Mahatma Gandhi ~ Martin Luther King, Jr. (D) Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis (E) Stephen Douglas and Frederick Douglass 136. The first employees in the Lowell, Massachusetts, textile mills were

(A) Slaves imported from the South. (B) Young girls from New England farms (C) Farmers who could no longer support themselves through farming (D) Newly arrived immigrants from Europe (E) People who amid not find work in urban centers

137. The most important aspect of Jacksonian democracy was

(A) Abolition of the property qualification (B) Granting of suffrage to free blacks (C) Permitting limited suffrage rights to women (D) abolition of poll tax (E) Creation of distinct political parties 138. The Annapolis Convention was called because

(A) Merchants wanted a stronger navy to protect their shipping (B) The Indians were effectively resisting the advance of settlers (C) The Confederation Congress had proved incapable of dealing with commercial issues (D) The British continued to challenge U.S. ships at sea (E) of the debate over the status of free blacks 139. on the above map, the routes moving north from south Texas

represent

(A) Escape routes for slaves to the free territories (B) Advances made by Mexican troops during the War with the United Slates

(C) Trails used for the "long drive" during the Cattle Kingdom (D) patterns of migrant Mexican labor in the early twentieth century (E) Native American resettlement in the "Indian Territory" 140. The railroad route linking New Orleans and Los Angeles shown on the map was

made possible by

(A) the Mexican Cession (B) The military defeat of the Apache Indians

( (C) The success of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads (D) The Gadsden Purchase (E) California's independence from Mexico

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141. in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Paris and formally ended the

Revolution, the Americans

(A) Were helped by the French in formulating diplomatic strategy and objectives (B) Settled for much less than they might have gotten through shrewd diplomacy

(C) won much concession through separate bargaining with the British (D) found the British obstinate on the issue of the Northwest outposts

(E) Failed to gain a clear claim to the lands west to the Mississippi River 142. The: doctrine of popular sovereignty called for the question of slavery in a new

territory to be decided by the

(A) House of Representative (B) Supreme Court (C) People living in the territory (D) Compromise of 1850 (E) Wilmot Proviso 143. Cotton production was made profitable by the

(A) Invention of the Deere steel plow (B) Use of irrigation on the plantation (C) Improvement of agriculture techniques I (D) Use of the McCormick reaper (E) Success and simplicity of the cotton gin 144. Gabriel's rebellion, a Virginia slave revolt in, 1800.

(A) Resulted in the destruction of most of Richmond

(B) Caused the deaths of more than a hundred whites (C) Inspired slaves in other southern slates to revolt (D) Was planned but never took place

(E) was exceptional for its time 145. Four of the following were Native American (Indian) leaders who led their

people in war against white settlers. Which one does not belong as a famous

Native-American (1ndian) Chief?

(A) King Philip (B) Osceola (C) Pontiac (D) Sacajawea (E) Tecumseh

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146. The majority of the people came to America in the colonial period for which of the

following reasons

(A) To seek economic gain (B) to seek religious freedom (C) To avoid involvement in European war (D) to gain political rights (E) To pursue the cultural arts 147. Which of these strategic objectives did the North accomplish last during

the Civil War? (A) Splitting the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi Confederacy (B) Blockading Southern ports (C) Capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond (D) Isolating the South diplomatically, preventing an alliance with the European power (E) Splitting the Confederacy by marching through Georgia

148. Which was a true concern of the Alien and Sedition Act?

(A) They were used by the president to silence his political critics (B) They gave the president the power to imprison or deport aliens dangerous to the national welfare (C) They raised residency requirements for citizenship

(D) They provided fines and imprisonment for those who spoke false scandalous and malicious writing against the US Government

(E) They grew out of public anger at undeclared war with France, XYZ Affair and French fleeing the French Revolution

149. The historian investigating the origins of slavery in the colonial period encounters

little documentary evidence to establish the date when the two essentials of slavery a

lifetime service and inherited status--first appeared. Even less information provides a

clue to why black slavery was established, which of the following has not been

advanced as an explanation for the development of slavery in colonial America!

A) Need for labor (B) Inability of Indians to serve as a labor source (C) Black Slavery in Great Britain as an example

(D) Prejudice towards blades • (E) heathen status of black

150. It began as a debate over federal land policy and ended as a debate over states'

right and the nature of the federal union. What is described?

(A) Constitutional! Convention. 1787 (B) Webster-Hayne debate (C) Lodge - Wilson debate (D) Lincoln Douglas Debates

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151. Designed as an attempt to secure the loyalty of the French to their new rulers, this

act broke new ground in toleration and 'statesmanship. Unfortunately (or the British,

the American saw only sinister designs. The act was the

(A) Treaty of Pans, 1783 (B)Tea Act (C) Statute of Westminster (D) Declaratory Act (E) Quebec Act ________ _

152. Born in England of Quaker parents, he participated in both the American and

the French revolutions through his inflammatory writings. Who is described!

(A) Marquis de Lafayette (B) Thaddeus Kosciusko (C) Baron von Steuben (D) Thomas Paine (E) John Paul Jones

153. He is best remembered for his writing about war, slums, and prostitution. A

realist, his writings suggest that man is swept along by his environment, unable

to control the forces around him. The author is…..

(A) Henry David Thoreau (B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) Stephen Crane (D) F. Scott Fitzgerald (E) Carl Sandburg

154. If the Populist had been transported by magic back into an earlier period of

American history they would have most likely joined

. (A) Ku Klux Klan , (B) Shays rebellion (C) Knights of Labor (D) Whiskey Rebellion (E) Federalist Party 155. Which of the following were associated with the Federalist

Party in the 1790’s

I They sympathized with Great Britain II They favored strict interpretation of the Constitution III They disapproved of the Alien and Sedition Acts IV Alexander Hamilton and John Adams were two of their party leaders

(A) I only

(B) I and IV only (C) III and IV only (D) I and II only (E) II, III, and IV only

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156. The survival of the Jamestown colony can be most directly attributed to the

(A) religious spirit of the settlers

(B) management of the Virginia Company

(C) development of a tobacco industry (D) location of the settlement

\' (E) nobles’ diligent search for gold

160. Enlightenment philosophers believed in all of the following ideas EXCEPT

(A) People have the right to revolt against tyranny.

(B) People have rights simply because they are human.

(C) Sovereignty resides with the people. :

(D) fundamental purpose of government is to protect people's rights.

(E) God is the primary authority for government.

157. The acts of trade and navigation had all of the following consequences in the colonies EXCEPT

( A) Colonial manufacturing .was limited.

(B) Colonial economies were regulated from London.

(C) Low prices were charged for English imports.

(D) Smuggling became a common practice.

(E) New England shipbuilding thrived

158. The Great Awakening was a reaction to

(A) the flood of immigrants

(B) established churches in many of the colonies (C) churches' earlier failure to take account of people's emotional needs

(D) guilt over the evils of slavery (E) the overly strict teachings .of the Church of England

159. The Boston Tea Party had which of the following causes?

(A) the Boston Massacre

(B) Parliament's efforts to improve the profits of the British East India Company

(C) the Intolerable Acts

(D)the arguments of the committees of correspondence (E) the imperial policies of Lord Grenville

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