1 the universe. 2 content introduction to universe what is a galaxy? how are stars formed? overview...
TRANSCRIPT
11
The Universe
22
Content
Introduction to Universe
What is a Galaxy?
How are stars formed?
Overview of Constellation
Do you know how many planets are in the solar system?
What does the universe have to do with our Hindu religion?
33
Universe
Galaxies
Solar System
Planets
Stars / Constellations
Where Are We In?
4
Galaxies - Are We Spiral or Irregular?
A galaxy is a huge family of (billions of) stars, dust and gas that is held together by gravity.
There are 40 to 50 billion galaxies.
We are in the Milky Way galaxy and it is a spiral shaped galaxy. There are three different ways a galaxy could be shaped and they are:
Irregular shaped – they are very rare
Spiral shaped – 2nd most common type
Circular shaped – most common type
5
• Stars are hot and bright balls of dust.
• Stars vary from very bright to very faint ones.
• Famous star is POLARIS, the Pole star or the North Star (Dhruva).
• Sun is a STAR
What Are Stars?
66
A Star’s Life Cycle
1. Stars (Nakshatras) have a life cycle just like we humans. First it starts out as a nebula (a ball of dust)
and grows.
2. Overtime, the star becomes a red giant or super giant. That’s when most of its heat has gone, but is very huge and bright.
7
A Star’s Life Cycle (cont.)A low mass star, such as our sun, would become a nebula, red giant, Planetary Nebula and then:
Will become a white dwarf
Will become a black dwarf (dead star)
A high mass star would become a nebula, red giant and then:
•Will become a supernova, a star that is very bright
•From there, it would become a neutron star (dead star)
•or a black hole (dead star), based on the amount of mass a star contains.---Interactive---
88
A constellation is a group of stars.
We can identify it by drawing an imaginary line between stars.
The line forms a picture of human, animals, and or inanimate objects (like a handle and a bowl in The Big Dipper – Sapta rishi mandal; it is the part of Great Bear Constellation ).
Astronomers officially recognize 88 constellations out of which 12 form the zodiac signs.
Constellation
9
Zodiac
You can imagine the sky as a large globe with stars (Celestial Globe) surrounding the solar system.
The celestial globe is cut into 88 parts of constellation.
Sun and planets revolve in a plane
more or less.
If you extend the plane of the solar
system to the celestial globe it cuts
12 constellations which we call the
constellations of the zodiac.
1010
Zodiac Constellations From Earth
People born in mid-Dec. thru mid-Jan., belong to the zodiac constellation of Sagittarius.
We can see this zodiac sign-Archer on a clear night sky.
1111
Twelve Zodiac signs (Rasis)
Constellation Sign Rasi
Aries Ram Mesha
Taurus Bull Vrishabha
Gemini Twins Mithuna
Cancer Crab Karkataka
Leo Lion Simha
Virgo Virgin Kanya
Libra Scales Tula
Scorpio Scorpion Vrischika
Sagittarius Archer Dhanus
Capricorn Sea Goat Makara
Aquarius Water Carrier Kumbha
Pisces Fishes Meena
12
Position of all the planets, sun and moon on day after tomorrow at 12:04 p.m. in the sky will be like this…
For e.g.,
the planet Mercury is
in the constellation Sagittarius, the Archer i.e. Budha in Danus rasi (in Sanskrit).
13
RASI CHART showing the position of Budha on 12/23/08-12:04 p.m. The person being born at that time will have Budha in Dhanus rasi.
• The chart can be found in panchang, the Hindu calendar.
• It is used to create one’s birth chart called as horoscope (Jadagam).
• Zodiac constellations and their positions in relation to other planets, sun and moon are said to influence our life and personalities.
• The study of which is
called astrology -Jyotisya.
MEENA MESHA VRISHABA
MIDUNA
KUMBHA
RASI CHART
KATAKA
MAKARA SIMHA
DHANUSBudha on
12/23/08
VRISCHIKA
TULA KANYA
14
RASI CHART of a real person
• Planet Sukra is on the Meena Constellation
• This person will finish whatever he/she starts successfully
MEENA Sukra
MESHA Surya
Budha
Kuja
VRISHABA Rahu
MIDUNAGuru
KUMBHASani
RASI CHART
KATAKA
MAKARA SIMHA
DHANUS VRISCHIKA Ketu
TULA Chandra
KANYA
15
The Planets or Grahas
o There are 8 planets in the solar system.
o Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are the inner planets.
o Then there is an asteroid belt, full of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter.
o Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the outer planets.
o I bet you’re wondering, “where’s Pluto?” Scientists have made the decision that Pluto should not be a planet, but a dwarf planet.
1616
Mercury – Lord Budha
Mercury is the smallest planet in our solar system and is the closest planet to the sun.
You can see Mercury from Earth without a telescope in the early evenings or early mornings.
One day on Mercury is equal to two months on Earth! Imagine having one last so long!
1717
Venus – Lord Sukra
Other than the moon, Venus is the brightest thing in the night sky.
The second planet from the sun and is the hottest planet in the solar system.
Venus is named after the goddess of love and beauty, but really isn’t so pretty.
1818
Third planet from the sun.
The only planet that we know of, has life because of the distance from the sun.
70% of its surface is covered with water.
Largest of the inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars).
Has an atmosphere which helps to keep the temperature stay steady.
Has one natural satellite, which is the moon.
Mother Earth
1919
Mars – Lord Mangal or Kuja
Fourth planet from the sun.Fourth planet from the sun.
Scientists think that Mars was once like Earth with a thick atmosphere, rivers and oceans.Scientists think that Mars was once like Earth with a thick atmosphere, rivers and oceans.
Once, Mars could have contained aliens because of evidence that shows that there was once Once, Mars could have contained aliens because of evidence that shows that there was once water canals built by aliens.water canals built by aliens.
2020
Biggest planet in the solar system
5th planet from the sun All outer planets, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have rings and are made from gas
Jupiter - Lord Guru Saturn - Lord Sani
• Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system
• 6th planet from the sun
• Has very clear and a great amount of rings
• Has 31 moons
21
Uranus Neptune
3rd biggest planet 7th planet from the sun Made of ice and gas Methane gives its blue color Has 22 known moons
8th planet from the sun Made of gas and ice Methane causes the blue color Has very strong winds
22
Dwarf Planets
Pluto is a dwarf planet because it does not follow all the rules to be a planet.
Scientists are discovering other planets and dwarf planets beyond Pluto.
2323
References in our Puranas …
Soma or Chandra (Moon) came out of the ocean of milk when churned by devas and asuras and was adorned by Shiva on his hair.
Guru or Brihaspati (Jupiter) is the guru of devas (gods) led by Indra.
Sukra (Venus) was the guru of asuras (demons).
Budha (Mercury) is the son of Soma.
Mangal or Kuja (Mars) is the son of Goddess Earth.
Surya, the sun god, is the son of Sage Kashyap and Aditi.
Sani (Saturn) is the son of Surya and Chaaya (Sun and Shade) and the elder brother of Yama (Dharma, god of death).
2424
The Hindu Trinity
LORD BRAHMA -the Creator of
the Universe
LORD VISHNU - the Protector of
the
Universe
LORD SHIVA - the
Destroyer of the Universe after billions of years by deluge (Pralaya)
25
Bibliography
Find the Constellations by H.A.ReyExploring the night sky by Terence Dickinsonhttp://www4.nau.edu/meteorite/www.astrosurf.com/astropc www.redorbit.comwww.en.wikipedia.orgSrimad Bhagavatam by Kamala Subramaniamhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J001794/http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/flashlets/outerplanets.htmThanks to Dr.T.K.Prasad