1 third hour exam id: eee105 password: prairie friday april 12 noon here 100 points (of 500 for...
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Third hour examThird hour exam
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105ID: eee105Password: prAIRiePassword: prAIRie
Friday April 12Friday April 12noon herenoon here
100 points 100 points (of 500 for semester)(of 500 for semester)
29 questions29 questions 57 bubbles57 bubbles
If University-approved conflictIf University-approved conflictSign up with Karin NelsonSign up with Karin Nelson
by Wednesday’s lectureby Wednesday’s lecture
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Third hour examThird hour exam
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105ID: eee105Password: prAIRiePassword: prAIRie
Friday April 12Friday April 12noon herenoon here
100 points 100 points (of 500 for semester)(of 500 for semester)
29 questions29 questions 57 bubbles57 bubbles
Review SessionReview SessionThursday April 11Thursday April 11
5 - 7 pm; 150 ASL5 - 7 pm; 150 ASL
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Third hour examThird hour exam
http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/http://life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/ID: eee105ID: eee105Password: prAIRiePassword: prAIRie
Friday April 12Friday April 12noon herenoon here
100 points 100 points (of 500 for semester)(of 500 for semester)
29 questions29 questions 57 bubbles57 bubbles
Coverage: March 13, OceansCoverage: March 13, OceansThrough todayThrough today
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EEE 105EEE 105
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/animalbiology/105/Name: eee105Password: prAIRie
AgricultureAgriculture
Read Chpt 15
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Mechanized Agriculture
Typical of industrialized countries
Requires large amounts of energy
and flat land.
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Often monocultures
Requires large amounts of energy and flat land.
Typical of industrialized countries
Mechanized Agriculture
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Often monocultures
Requires large amounts of energy and flat land.
Typical of industrialized countries
Mechanized Agriculture
Hybrid crop varieties
High technology
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Problems With Mechanized AgricultureProblems With Mechanized Agriculture
• soil erosion
• fertilizer runoff
• depletion of soil nutrients lead to increased fertilizer use
• irrigation depletes aquifer ground water
• monoculture often leads to increased pesticide use
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PESTICIDES
• Pesticide - Any chemical used to kill or control populations of unwanted fungi, plants, or animals.
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Insecticides
• Used to control insect populations..
• Known for centuries that certain plant products produce repellant chemicals.
–e.g. Nicotine (tobacco)
• Coevolution of chemical defenses
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Insecticides
• Evolution of Insecticide resistance
• Bioaccumulation of insecticides
• US banned DDT in 1973
• Home use of Dursban outlawed 2000
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Herbicides
• Used to control unwanted plants.
• About 60% of pesticides used in US are herbicides.
• Weeds compete with crops for soil nutrients.
• Traditional weed control methods are expensive in terms of time and energy.
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Herbicides
• Used to control unwanted plants.
• About 60% of pesticides used in US are herbicides.
• Weeds compete with crops for soil nutrients.
• Traditional weed control methods are expensive in terms of time and energy.
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Fungicides and Rodenticides
• Fungicides are an important defense against spoilage of both seeds and mature crops.
• In some parts of the world, governments place a reward on rats because they can destroy agricultural crops.
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corn root borerBut pests evolve
Corn root borer starved on soy beans
Alternate corn & soy beans annually
But in late ‘80’s a new strain of borer evolved which could feed on soy beans
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Genetically Modified Crops
Bacillus thuringiensis
e.g. Bt crops
a common soil bacterium produces an insecticidal protein
long used by organic gardeners bt gene inserted into crop genomes
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Integrated Pest Management
understand biology of pest & crop
seek to restrain, not eliminate, pest
combine genetic, chemical, biological control methods