1. transportation chapter 11: blood - napa valley college · chapter 11: blood bio 105 spring 2016...
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Chapter 11: Blood
BIO 105
Spring 2016
Functions of the Blood
1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection
Composition of blood
Connective Tissue
55% plasma
45% formed elements
Plasma
• Made up of 92% water and 7-8% dissolved substances
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19_01bFormed Elements
Formed Elements
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Red blood cell lifespan
• Lifespan of 120 days
• “Old” RBCs eventually end up in the spleen or
liver
• Cell breakdown causes the release of
hemoglobin and the production of bilirubin
RBC productionAnemia
Anemia – condition in which the blood’s
ability to carry oxygen is reduced
Iron-deficient anemia
Aplastic anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Pernicious anemia
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White blood cells
• Make up less than 1% of whole blood
• Help defend the body against disease
• Remove wastes, toxins, and damaged or
abnormal cells
• Not confined to the bloodstream
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Leukemia
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow
• There is a proliferation of immature WBCs
• Remain relatively unspecialized, so individuals prone to infections
• Bone marrow gets “crowded,” and has a reduced ability to produce other cells, like RBCs and platelets
Platelets
• Platelets (thrombocytes)—cell fragments
that are necessary for clotting of the blood
Clotting cascade (abbreviated) Bleeding disorders
• Hemophilia
• Thrombosis
• Embolism
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Blood Typing
• Human blood is classified into different blood types
(ABO) depending on the presence of proteins on the
surface of the RBCs
– Type A blood—type A antigen on the surface of
the RBC.
– Type B blood—type B antigen on the surface of
the RBC.
– Type AB blood—type A and B antigens on the
surface of the RBC.
– Type O blood—has no antigens on the surface of
the RBC.
Blood Types
Blood Typing
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Rh factor