1, v.h. atodaria2, a.p.parmar3, prof. p.panchal€¦ · · 2013-06-02solar led street-light using...
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SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SENSOR AND SINGLE AXIS CONTROL
P.P.DESAI1, V.H. ATODARIA2, A.P.PARMAR3, PROF. P.PANCHAL4 1 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 2 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 3 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] 4 Electronics Department, BVM College of Engineering, V.Vnagar, INDIA- [email protected] ABSTRACT People have started moving towards the non-conventional sources of energy in this global warming period. Energy generated
from these resources should be used in effective manner. As far as energy consumption of any device is one of the important
concerns, the proper utilization has also its own importance.
This paper represents the street-light structure with the sole-purpose of reducing energy-consumption. Basically, it con-
sists of three parts, first trying to comprehend the concept of energy harnessing and then attempting to utilize it in utmost pos-
sible way. After that as a part of innovative application about how to optimize the power consumed using different electronics
components like charge controller and sensor. Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is used for the concerned project with a purpose of
activation of led-street-light only when an object is passing through the subjected peripheral of street-light thereby saving ener-
gy for further usage and will be useful to prolong the utilization time of street-light. Solar energy is consumed maximum from
sun through proper azimuth angle adjustment. The main aim of representing this paper is to deploy this project on commercial
basis in market.
Keywords : Charge controller, Energy Consumption, LED Street light, PIR sensor, Solar Panel.
1 INTRODUCTION The increasing demand of energy, the depletion of fossil fuel
reserves, the unexpected events taking place on the interna-
tional scene (local armed conflicts, natural disasters like earth-
quakes, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, etc.) that have the poten-
tial to partially cripple the energetic systems, proves that the
energy security and diversity is a serious aspect that the man-
kind should seriously consider when deciding the short and
middle term energy policy. The general opinion shared by the
most part of the specialists supports the idea that the exclusive
dependence on the energy produced from fossil fuels (coal, oil,
nuclear, etc.) is hazardous, unsustainable and harmful for the
environment [1]. Here we think of a product which is basically
constructed for rural are and especially for a pedestrian pur-
pose. “SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SEN-
SOR AND SINGLE AXIS CONTROL “is the idea we believe to
be a design, to get implemented, which can bring a revolution
in the street-light usage-concerned fields.
In a country like India, where cost effectiveness speaks for
itself, we intend to build a design which not only provides
low-cost product as an outcome but also uses solar energy in
its utmost possible way, given the circumstances [2]. This
street light uses single axis tracker which tracks the path of the
sun , for the given elevation angle, and aims to absorb maxi-
mum as possible energy from the sun through solar panel to
the battery . Another emphasis, in this idea, is given to the
proper utilization of street-light i.e. activation of it. An imple-
mentation of lighting circuitry is done in such a way, cascaded
with PIR sensor that it will turn on lights only when someone
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is passing through the subjected area. Hence it will save the
energy during night time as well absorb energy during day-
time. So, a dual-purpose product focuses on low energy-
consumption along with High energy utilization.
2 RESEARCH FINDINGS Much research has been carried out in the field of solar power
harnessing system using multiple techniques [3]. However, no
such product exists in market that can be manufactured for
commercial purposes of rural parts and can satisfy the needs
of street-lights with such power-usage optimization. It has
been limited to its research papers only. Use of single axis
tracker can be shifted to dual-axis tracker which can add sev-
eral costs to the product itself. This paper shows the simplified
idea which involves automated solar-energy reining system
implemented on street-light system as well as application of
PIR that can be used in a day-to-day life and can be manufac-
tured easily. The advantages of this idea include low cost, easy
to handle, low maintenance, low power consumption. Fur-
thermore, this technique can be used in other area also such as
automation of home appliances such as to switch on-off the
house-lighting system, fans, lights, etc. The cost-effectiveness
and proper return of investment due to implement of solar-
panel system gives an edge to the subjected module. The block
diagram, flow chart and photograph of the prototype of the
Solar LED Street Light using Motion Sensor and Single Axis
Control are stated below.
3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIG 1: Block Diagram
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM
Due to “photovoltaic effect”, solar panel functions to absorb
energy through the sun throughout the day-time. Here the
storage- path of the energy to battery passes through the
charge-controller. Charge-controller, basically, supervises the
flow of current and amount of charging through the solar-
panel. If this amount exceeds the battery’s capacity, it attempts
to protect it from further damage. It has a relay-switching
mechanism which switches the path of charging to low cur-
rent-high resistance path hence the prevention from over-
charging is done. Here Dusk-To-Dawn sensor monitors the
operation of the circuitry of assembled system. Depending on
the light-intensity incident on it, it activates the day-time cir-
cuitry i.e. tracking system or night-time circuitry i.e. PIR sen-
sor system .During day-time, the LDR (Light Dependent Sen-
sor) of the Dusk-To-Dawn sensor is exposed to the light.
Hence it connects the panel with tracker circuitry. The tracker
circuitry basically consists of H-bridge circuit which rotates
the motor according to the voltage-distribution across the two
sides of H-bridge. Now, with the help of two LDRs mounted
on solar-panel such a way that one faces the East direction and
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763
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IJOART
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the other one faces the West. In accordance with the amount of
light-intensity incident on each of these two LDRs, the track-
ing circuitry automates motor’s motion. Hence, in accordance
with sun’s motion, tracker circuitry moves solar panel’s posi-
tion by changing the azimuth angle for the given elevation-
angle continuously, thereby yielding maximum energy-
harnessing. For the given unequal amount of energy incident
on each of the LDRs, motor rotates the panel in clockwise or
anti-clockwise id est East or West direction respectively.
Hence, the given system functions as an automated system,
once proper setup is done. For this operation, it should be not-
ed that the power is provided by the same battery and it con-
sumes so lesser amount of it with respect to the amount which
it is able to obtain.
During the dusk time, the panel faces the west direction. De-
pending upon the amount of light-intensity, the dusk-to-down
sensor activates the night time circuitry. Here the sensitivity of
this sensor can be adjusted depending upon the season .For
example, for the winter-time we can keep sensitivity low as
night time is early and the opposite for the summer. During
night-time the PIR (passive infrared) sensor monitors the sub-
jected arena. Appropriate placement of the sensor itself mat-
ters the most for the proper operation. The aim behind the
implementation of such equipment is the logic of frequency of
pedestrians passing by the area subjected during different
times of the whole night-time. So, activation of LED circuitry
for the lighting-purpose is done only when someone walks
through the area cross the subjected street light. If nobody
passes by the concerned arena, it remains off thereby saving
the storage of energy in the battery. Again, during the dawn,
depending on light-intensity incident on Dusk-To-Dawn sen-
sor, it activates tracker circuitry and de-activates the lighting
circuitry. Tracker tracks the sun and adjusts panel’s position in
the East direction, all by itself automatically and the whole
operation mentioned above repeats itself continuously every
day.
4 5 FLOW CHART OF THE SYSTEM
FIG 2: Flow Chart of the System
6 PHOTOGRAPH OF THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM
FIG 3: Photograph of the Prototype System
The above figure shows the prototype of the idea presented in
this paper. If such construction and idea is implemented on
commercial basis then it will be a great success and can bring a
new revolution in solar energy generation and its utilization.
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763
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7 CONCLUSION
Solar energy as one of the important and major renewable
source of energy also proves itself useful in functioning of
constructions like street-lights. In order to achieve safety and
to increase the capacity of battery, charge controller is neces-
sary module. To harness as maximum as possible energy from
sun, solar tracker becomes important component. PIR sensor
proves itself a quintessential division of given module in order
to achieve the aim of minimum consumption of energy as pos-
sible.
8 REFERENCES
1.] Tiberiu TUDORACHE1, Constantin Daniel OANCEA2,
Liviu KREINDLER3 published paper on “Performance Evalu-
ation of a Solar Tracking PV Panel” in U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series
C, Vol. 74, Iss. 1, 2012.
2.] “Non conventional energy source” by G.D.RAI, Khanna
Publishers, 4th Edition, 2000.
3.] LED Street Light Research Project, Remaking Cities Insti-
tute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 2011.
4.] http://ecopia.com.au/solar-chargers
5.] http://www.supernovatechnologies.net
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 2, Issue 5, M ay-2013 ISSN 2278-7763
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IJOART