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Waves and Organisms

Prepared for GBW 5th Grade

Dr. Darren McKnight

May 2007

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Sound

• Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating matter– Energy travels in _____________ waves

DirectionOf Wave

What doesthis wavelook like?

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Frequency and Wavelength

• Frequency (or pitch) is inversely proportional to wavelength– Smaller wavelength produces ________ frequency

– Animals detect and use sound• High or low frequencies? ________________

• Why?________________________

• Use to locate things with sound: ________________

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Wave Exercise

• Five girls from Ms. Wetterhahn’s class and five boys from Ms. Beadling’s class.

• Sound travels faster through __________.

• What would sound travel more slowly through, gas or brick? ________________

?

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Man “Mimicking” Animals• Use “echolocation” with low

frequency sound energy for underwater measurements is called ____________________

• Use “echolocation” to use high frequency sound energy for medical purposes is called ____________________

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Music Creates Sound

• Big, long thick strings make low frequencies (pitch)

• Short, skinny strings make high frequencies (pitch)

• Sound is created by the _____________ of the strings.

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Crossword Puzzle

• Five minutes to complete without using your notes – do not turn yet…– Ready… begin!

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Sound Wave Crossword

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Light

• Light is another form of energy but it acts differently than sound waves– Light energy = vibration in matter?

_____________– Is light faster or slower than

sound? ________• Watching fireworks…???

– Light still travels in waves but also act as particles or _________________

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LIGHT: What Is It?• Atoms: basic building block of matter

– What are the parts of an atom? _________________– As atoms absorb energy, electrons jump out to a higher

energy level.• What type of energy do you think an atom might absorb?

________________

– Electrons release light when falling down to the lower energy level.

• Photons are bundles/packets of energy released when the electrons fall.

• When this happens continuously, you get LIGHT!!!!!

© 2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

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Electromagnetic Waves

• Speed in Vacuum– 300,000 km/sec or 186,000 mi/sec– 670 million mph

• 10 million times faster than a car on the highway)

• Speed in Other Materials– Slower in Air, Water, Glass

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Transverse Waves

• Energy is perpendicular to direction of motion– For sound, energy was in same direction as the

movement of the wave

• Moving photons create electric & magnetic fields at right angles to each other– How many degrees is a right angle? _______

• Is it an acute or an obtuse angle? _____________

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How Light Can Be Affected• Reflection – bouncing of light off of a substance

– Happens all of the time… examples? __________

• Transmission – light passes through a substance– Sunglasses and windows…

• Absorption – light is converted into other form of energy (heat) – What is hotter in the summer: asphalt road or

sidewalk? ________________

• Refraction – Bending of light due to a change in speed– Diving into the pool to get a ball…– Prism: thicker part bends more

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Visible Spectrum• Light that we can see is called the visible

spectrum:– Roy G. Biv

• Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, & Violet.• Largest to Smallest Wavelength (hard to remember)

– F (Roy G Biv)• From smaller to larger frequency – more natural to

learn…

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Types of ObjectsRelated to Light

• Transparent: – Light transmitted totally (no scattering)– Color transmitted is color you see.

• All other colors are absorbed• So is grass really green? ________

• Translucent: – Light is both scattered and transmitted

• Opaque: – Light is either reflected or absorbed (no

transmission) – Color of opaque objects is color it reflects.

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How People See

• Near SightedNear Sighted – Eyeball is too long and image focuses in front of the retina

• Far SightedFar Sighted – Eyeball is too short so image is focused behind the retina.

• What are lenses at the front of the eye that the light passes through?

__T___________________

© 2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

© 2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

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Building Up the Animal World

• Earlier, when we learned about light, it was mentioned that atoms were the building blocks of all matter– When we combine several identical atoms together it is

called an _______________________– By combining different elements together you create a

molecule.

• Is water a molecule? ________• What elements are used to make up water? _______________

• For living organisms the smallest building block needs lots of molecules and are called ________.

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How Do Cells Differ?• Plant Cells • Animal Cells

Shape? _______________Nucleus (Y/N )? _________Outer Layer? ___________

Shape? _______________Nucleus (Y/N)? _________Outer Layer? ___________

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Five Kingdoms of Organisms• My Pretty Fungi Plays with Animals

– Monera: one _____ (e.g. bacteria)

– Protista: a few cells (e.g. algae)

– Fungi: plant-like but cannot make own _______ (e.g. mushrooms)

– Plants: make own food but cannot ______

– Animals: can ______ but cannot make own _____

• Can you see a monera easily? _________

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Do You Have A Backbone?

• Animals with backbones are called _______________? (e.g. humans, dogs, fish, lizards, etc.)

• If an animal does not have a backbone then it is called an ________________? (e.g. clams, squids, worms, and insects)

• What are there more of? __________________• Why?_________________________________

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Invertebrates Are Amazing!!!

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Physics Review• M =

• F =

• W =

• E =

• P =

Be smarter than 90% of the people in the world!!!

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Web JeopardyTeachers Can Do In Class Later…

• http://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/science5.htm

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References

• Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum, a lecture by D.L. Power, 2001

• Software, 2003, Crossword-compiler.com

• Wikipedia, 2007

• Video compliments of Roger T. Hanlon