1 waves chapter 14. 2 wave at the shoe 3 types of waves a wave is a disturbance that carries energy...
TRANSCRIPT
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1
Waves
Chapter 14
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2
Wave at the Shoe
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3
Types of Waves
A wave is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space.
The medium is the matter through which a wave travels.
Waves that require medium are called mechanical waves.
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4
What is the wave called when it requires a medium?
mec
hanic
al
long
itudi
nal
surfa
ce
tran
sver
se
25
000
A. mechanical
B. longitudinal
C. surface
D. transverse
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Transverse waves
Transverse waves are waves which the motion of the particles is perpendicular to the motion of the wave.
The top of the wave is called the crest.
The bottom of the wave is called the trough.
The distance between the crest on one wave to the crest on the next is called the wavelength.
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Longitudinal wave
Longitudinal waves are waves where the particles in the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave motion.
Compressions are the parts of the wave where the medium is compressed.
Rarefactions are parts of the wave where the medium is spread apart.
The distance between compressions is the wavelength.
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Surface waves
Surface waves occur at the boundary between two mediums.
The particles move both perpendicularly and parallel.
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8
Which type of wave motion of the particles is perpendicular to the motion of the wave?
long
itudi
nal.
sei
smic
.
surfa
ce.
tran
sver
se.
0% 0%0%0%
1. longitudinal.
2. seismic.
3. surface.
4. transverse.
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9
Wave Properties(continued)
Wavelength is the distance from one crest to the crest of the next wave.
Period is the time required for one full wavelength of a wave to pass a certain point.
Frequency of a wave is the number of full wavelengths that pass a point in a given time interval.
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10
Wave Properties
Transverse waves have the shape of a sine curve.
Highest point of a transverse wave is a crest.
Lowest point of a transverse wave is a trough.
Amplitude is the greatest distance that particles are displaced from their normal resting position.
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11
In which type of a wave does the particles travel perpendicular to the direction of the wave?
long
itudi
nal
tran
sver
se
surfa
ce
none
of the
abov
e
0% 0%0%0%
1. longitudinal
2. transverse
3. surface
4. none of the above
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12
What is the top part of a wave called?
am
plitu
de
com
press
ion
cre
st
trough
0% 0%0%0%
1. amplitude
2. compression
3. crest
4. trough
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13
What do we call is the distance between two crest on a transverse wave?
am
plitu
de
freq
uency
per
iod
wav
elen
gth
0% 0%0%0%
1. amplitude
2. frequency
3. period
4.4. wavelengthwavelength
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14
Frequency-Period Equation
Frequency=1/period F=1/T Frequency is
measured in a unit called a hertz.
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Wave Speed
wave speed=frequency x wavelength
v = f x λ
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What unit is frequency measured?
A. B. C. D.
0 000
A. joules
B. hertz
C. meters
D. newtons
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Doppler Effect
The Doppler Effect is the changed in the observed frequency of a wave resulting from the motion of the source or observer.
As the source is approaching the observer, the wavelength decreases and the pitch increases.
As the source is going away from the observer, the wavelength increases and the pitch decreases.
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Doppler Effect
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19
As a fire truck approaches you, what happens to the sound?
pitc
h incr
ease
s.
wav
elen
gth
decre
ases
.
sound
gets
louder
.
all
the
abov
e.
0% 0%0%0%
1. pitch increases.
2. wavelength decreases.
3. sound gets louder.
4. all the above.
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Reflection
Reflection is the bouncing back of a wave when it meets a surface or boundary.
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Diffraction
Diffraction is when a wave bends around an object or opening.
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Refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another medium.
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A transverse wave…..
Vib
rate
s par
ticle
s pe.
..
Vib
rate
s par
ticle
s par
a...
Vib
rate
s bot
h par
alle
l...
Vib
rate
s par
ticle
s in
o..
I don’t
get it
.
0 0 000
A. Vibrates particles perpendicular to the direction of wave
B. Vibrates particles parallel to the direction of the wave
C. Vibrates both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the wave
D. Vibrates particles in one direction
E. I don’t get it.
:10
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24
In the diagram, identify the wave property “A”
A. B. C. D.
0 000
A. Frequency
B. Amplitude
C. Wavelength
D. I don’t know
:10
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25
What type of a wave interaction involves a wave bending as it passes from one medium into another?
diff
ract
ion
refle
ctio
n
refra
ctio
n
I don’t
know
0% 0%0%0%
1. diffraction
2. reflection
3. refraction
4. I don’t know
:10
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Wave Interference
Wave interference is when several waves are in the same location and the waves combine to produce a single, new wave that is different from the original waves.
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Constructive Interference
The result of two individual waves coming together to produce a wave of greater amplitude is called constructive interference.
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Destructive Interference
The result of two individual waves coming together to produce a wave of lesser amplitude than the larger of the original waves is called destructive interference.
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Interference
As two wave sources combine, the waves pattern changes.
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Beats
Interference of sound waves produces beats.
The beat frequency refers to the rate at which the volume is heard to be oscillating from high to low volume.
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Standing Waves
Standing wave is when the interference of the original wave with the reflected wave causes the medium to vibrate in a stationary pattern.
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Standing Wave
Nodes are the areas of a standing wave where there are no vibrations.
Antinodes are areas of a standing wave where there is maximum vibration.
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Longitudinal Wave
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Transverse
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Water Wave
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Rayleigh Surface Wave
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Review Questions
Name the three types of waves. transverse, longitudinal & surface Which type of wave has the particles
moving perpendicular to the motion of the wave?
transverse Which type of wave has the particles
moving parallel to the motion of the wave? longitudinal
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Review Questions
Which three things can a wave do when it meets a barrier?
reflect, diffract or refract When the crest from one wave meets the
crest of another wave, what happens? constructive interference What do you call the top of a transverse
wave? crest
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Review Questions
On a longitudinal wave, what do you call the part of the wave that is spread out?
rarefaction What is it called when the sound
approaching you gets louder and fades as it is going away from you?
Doppler Effect
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Review Questions
What happens when the crest of one wave meets the trough of another wave?
destructive interference What type of interaction occurs when
a wave strikes a barrier and bounces back?
reflection
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Review Questions
What is the relationship between wave speed, frequency & wavelength?
Wave speed=frequency x wavelength What do we call the interference of
waves of slightly different frequencies traveling in the same direction?
beat
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Review Questions
What is the bottom part of a transverse wave called?
trough What is the part of the longitudinal wave where
the wave is pressed closely together? compressions What is the interaction of a wave called where
the wave changes speed as it passes from one medium to another and bends?
refraction
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Review Questions
What is the distance between two crests on a transverse wave called?
wavelength What is the distance between a crest and
the resting position called? amplitude What do we call the number of waves that
pass a given point in a given amount of time?
frequency
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Review Questions
What do we call the time it takes for one wave to move past a given point?
period What happens to the frequency of a wave
as the wavelength gets longer? lowers In which metric units do we measure
frequency? hertz
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Review Questions
What is the material called that waves move through?
medium What type of wave needs a medium to
move? mechanical What do we call a disturbance that transfers
energy? wave
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Review Questions
What type of wave is light? transverse What type of wave is sound? longitudinal What type of wave is produced when
a wave is interfered with by its reflected wave?
Standing wave
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Review Questions
What is the part of a standing wave called where there are no vibrations?
nodes How does the medium affect the wave
speed? the closer the particles, the faster the wave
speed Where do surface waves occur? boundary between two mediums
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Internet Cites
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/waveInterference2/WaveInterference2.html
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/interference/waveInterference1/WaveInterference1.html
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/waves/partsOfAWave/waveParts.htm
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/wavebasics/index.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/physics/waves/an_introduction_to_wavesrev4.shtml