WARM UP 1)  What are taxes???

2)  Why do people pay taxes? Why do governments collect taxes?

3)  What are some taxes that we all pay? How do we feel about taxes?

Salutary Neglect

I.  During the early years of the existence of the colonies, Parliament opted for a policy of salutary neglect or non-interference

II.  After the French & Indian War Great Britain will take an active role in the American colonies

Pontiac's Rebellion I.  Native Americans soon grew

unhappy with the British rule A.  G.B. sees the Native

Americans as the enemy

II.  Pontiac (N.A. Chief) led a successful rebellion against British rule of N. America

III.  British government infected the Natives with smallpox to end Pontiac’s Rebellion

A.  Attempt to stop any future conflicts with Native Americans and colonists.

I.  King George III declared that Appalachian Mountains were the western boundary for all colonies; colonists could NOT cross mountains:

A.  to separate the colonists from the Indians B.  to prevent future wars and expense

II.  10,000 British troops sent to “police” the border.

III. Proclamation angered many colonists A.  Many owned land west of the Appalachian

Mountains

Proclamation of 1763

American colonists

forbidden to cross

Appalachian Mountains.

I.  Proclamation of 1763 created tension between Britain and the colonies.

II.  Britain placed additional taxes on the

colonists to pay for French & Indian War.

III. Indians traded with the British and the colonists, but regarded both as enemies.

IV.  Colonists migrated across the Appalachian Mountains anyway.

Proclamation of 1763

After The French & Indian War

I.  WARS COST MONEY

II.  The British government spent a large amount of money to win the French & Indian War

III.  The colonies were expected to pay for the war

A.  Great Britain began taxing the colonies to help pay down the war debt

Writs of Assistance (1764) I.  Prior to passing new taxes on the colonies the

British parliament created the writs of assistance II.  Legal papers which gave custom officials the right

to search any building for any reason.

III.  The writs were an attempt to stop smuggling and ensure taxes were paid

IV.  The colonists complained that these writs violated

their rights as English subjects.

The Sugar Act

I.  British taxed colonists on many of the goods coming into the colonies from other places

II.  The most important of these was the Sugar Act of 1764

III.  The Sugar Act took away profits from colonial merchants who traded with other countries

IV.  Colonists believed this was taxation without representation

A.  Their governments did not make these laws (Great Britain did)

The Stamp Act

I.  In 1765, British imposed taxes upon all paper products and stamped the item once the tax had been played.

II.  This tax was paid directly to the government – direct tax

III.  Products affected ranged from documents and wills to playing cards and newspapers

Stamp Act Crisis (1765) I.  In response to the Stamp Act

the colonists did the following: A.  Formed the Sons and Daughters of

Liberty B.  Protested in the streets C.  Harassed tax collectors D.  Boycotted trade with England E.  Stamp Act Congress and Resolves

The Stamp Act Congress I.  Drew up petitions, or letters, to King George III and to

Parliament. II.  These petitions rejected the Stamp Act and asserted that

Parliament had no right to tax the colonies. A.  No taxation without representation

III.  Parliament paid little attention to these petitions. IV.  Colonists then called for a boycott (to refuse to buy certain

goods or services) of British goods A.  British merchants and workers suffered

V.  Finally, in 1766 Parliament repealed (cancelled) the Stamp Act

Taxation Without Representation I.  Colonists were very unhappy with British taxes

II.  Britain taxing the colonies went against the long-established British principle of no taxation without representation

III.  ONLY the colonists or their elected representatives had the right to pass taxes

IV.  No colonial representation in Parliament = No British taxes V.  Colonists were willing to pay taxes passed by colonial

legislatures

Declaratory Act (1766)

I.  The Declaratory Act repealed the Stamp Act but also asserted British authority to tax the colonists in “all cases whatsoever”.

A.  Great Britain can tax the colonies PERIOD!

II.  The British asserted their authority to tax the colonists whenever they wanted.

III.  The colonists considered this act a victory.

The Townshend Acts

I.  This act placed duties on tea, paper, glass and paint

II.  The British repealed this

tax in 1770 except for the tax on tea

III.  The Townshend Act was designed to raise revenue in the colonies to pay off the enormous debt.

The Protests Begin!

I.  Colonial opinions of Great Britain soon worsened

II.  Colonists unhappy with British rule began protests to show their displeasure

A.  Sons and Daughters of Liberty

B.  Boston Massacre

Sons of Liberty

I.  The Sons of Liberty carried out organized resistance by keeping watch on shopkeepers suspected of selling British goods

II.  A group existed in almost every colony. III.  Members included middle and upper class

citizens, anyone could join if they were trustworthy and had the skills the group needed.

IV.  Famous members included Paul Revere, John

Adams and his cousin, Samuel Adams.

The Boston Massacre I.  After Parliament repealed the

Townshend duties, the first clash between British and Americans took place

II.  On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd of 50 or 60 men and boys gathered to taunt British soldiers outside the Boston Customs House

III.  When the crowd went as far as to throw sticks and snowballs at the redcoats, the soldiers panicked and opened fire, killing five men

IV.  The event quickly became known as the Boston Massacre

Tea Act (1773) I.  After the Boston Massacre, British parliament repealed

all Townshend acts except for the Tea Act.

II.  The British kept the tax on tea to show the colonists it still had the right to tax them.

III.  In response to the Tea Act the colonials: A.  Organized Committees of Correspondence B.  Provide better communication throughout the colonies

IV.  The Boston Tea Party was staged by the Sons of Liberty.

The Boston Tea Party I.  In 1773 the British East India

Company, facing bankruptcy, appealed to Parliament for assistance

II.  Parliament voted to give them a monopoly for the trade of tea in America

III. Opposition groups mobilized against the plan and forcing ships to turn back at New York and Philadelphia harbors

IV.  Colonists on a signal from Sam Adams disguised themselves as Mohawks, boarded the ship and heaved 342 chests of tea into the harbor

I.  On December 16, 1773 between 30 and 130 men dressed up as Native Americans and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor.

II. Done to protest the Tea Act III. King George III was furious! IV. Parliament would pass the Intolerable/ Coercive

Acts in early 1774!!!!!

Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts (1774) / The Coercive Acts

I.  These acts were meant to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party and to isolate Boston from the rest of the colonies.

A.  The Boston Port Act - closed the port of Boston to trade B.  The Massachusetts Government Act - revoked the

colony's charter and forbade town meetings C.  The Quartering Act - required the colonists to provide

billets for British soldiers D.  The Impartial Administration of Justice Act - removed

British officials from the jurisdiction of Massachusetts courts

Response to the Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

I.  Colonists sent aid to Boston; Boycotted British goods

II.  Colonists and British are extremely

unhappy with one another A.  A hatred between both sides is growing

III.  Established the First Continental

Congress A.  Argued that something had to be done B.  The colonists should be free from

Great Britain

ARE YOU WITH ME???? ①  Explain why Great Britain began heavily taxing the American colonies following

the French & Indian War??

②  Discuss why the colonists were unhappy and unwilling to pay taxes levied by Great Britain’s Parliament:

③  List and explain three British taxes imposed on the 13 colonies following the French & Indian War:

④  Discuss whether the Boston Massacre was an act of self-defense or a senseless murder:

⑤  Explain the causes of the Boston Tea Party:

⑥  Explain the effects of the Boston Tea Party & the consequences that occurred as a result of it