1) what was needed to sustain the work of alexander iii? a like-minded man keen to involve himself...
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1) What was needed to sustain the work of Alexander III?
A like-minded man keen to involve himself in the hard work of government to
succeed
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2) How was Nicholas described (5)?
He was a man ill-equipped to continue on the path of his father, Alexander III.
•Inability to make decisions•Unwillingness to engage in politics•His lack of organisational skills•His weakness and obstinacy
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3) What were Nicholas’ thoughts on democracy (2)?
• Was unwilling to make any moves towards constitutional government
• Believed that democracy would bring about the collapse of the Empire
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4) What was the desperate need in Russia at the turn of the twentieth century?
MODERNISATION!
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5) Why was there this need? (2)
1. To be a great political power in Europe
2. To increase the wealth of Russia
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6) Why was it difficult? (4)
1. Difficult to maintain Tsarist institutions as they were so traditional
2. Fear that it would cause social tensions3. Needed a more educated workforce4. Fear of rise of middle class
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7) Who was in charge of Russia’s modernisation?
Sergei Witte
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8) What problems did he face? (3)
•Russia had a small business class•Majority of peasants did not
have complete freedom of movement
•The Russian Economy did not have sufficient funds
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9) What industry did he rely on heavily to do this?
THE RAILWAYS!
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10) Which two sources of finance did he use to fund this? (2)
Foreign loans
Taxes on the peasants
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11) What industries benefitted from the “Great Spurt” under Witte? (2)
Raw materialsMilitary
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12) Where did Witte’s plan fail? (2)
Still lagged behind other Great Powers
Poor living and working conditions further isolated working class
and peasants.