1. which of the following can cause erosion? 2. scientists
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1. Which of the following can cause erosion?
A. falling leaves B. flowing water
C. growing grass D. rising temperatures
2. Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was oncecovered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim?
A. Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon.
B. Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon.
C. Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
D. Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon.
3.
Which process is most responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon?
A. scouring by continental glaciers
B. erosion by wind and water
C. eruptions by explosive volcanoes
D. cracking of Earth’s crust by earthquakes
4. The landform below is a sea arch.
What is responsible for shaping this arch?
A. plate tectonics B. earthquakes C. deposition D. erosion
5. The rocks in the picture below are as large as a house and were underEarth’s surface for many thousands of years.
Which of the following is most responsible for revealing these rocks onEarth’s surface today?
A. Falling volcanic ash B. Moving wind and water
C. Varying cloud conditions D. Growing plants and animals
6. A rock is pushed deep underground in an area where mountain-building isoccurring, and undergoes the following processes.
• First, the rock experiences high pressure that causes its minerals toalign themselves in bands.
• Second, the rock is pushed further underground and completelymelts, then erupts from a volcano and hardens.
• Third, the rock is broken down by wind and water into smallparticles, which flow into a river and get compressed into rock.
Which order correctly shows this progression of rock types?
A. igneous → metamorphic → sedimentary
B. metamorphic → igneous → sedimentary
C. metamorphic → sedimentary → igneous
D. sedimentary → igneous → metamorphic
7. Use the diagram below to answer the following question.
The diagram above illustrates the Green River flowing through the center ofGreen Mountain. Which of the following processes most likely caused thisphenomena?
A. The river maintained its course and eroded the mountain.
B. The mountain was cracked in half by a glacier, and then the riverbegan flowing through it.
C. The river began and cut the mountain in half.
D. A half-mountain formed on either side of the river.
8. Use the diagrams below to answer the following question.
W X
Y Z
The diagrams above show a particular cross-section of Earth going through differentgeological changes. What is the correct sequence of the diagrams?
A. W, X, Y, Z B. X, Y, Z, W C. Y, W, X, Z D. X, Z, Y, W
9. Which best describes the changes occurring to the Earth’s surfaceover time?
A. New mountains are being formed as old mountains aregradually worn down.
B. Mountains are gradually being worn down, but no new onesare formed.
C. More mountains are gradually formed as the oceans recede.
D. New mountains are only formed under the oceans.
10. The picture below shows the result of a geological event that changed amountain rapidly.
Which of the following most likely caused the rapid change of the mountain?
A. landslide B. snowfall
C. wind erosion D. volcanic eruption
11. The pictures below show the same area before and after an event occurred.
Which of the following events most likely caused the change in this area?
A. a flood B. a hurricane C. a volcanic eruption D. a strong earthquake
12. The Appalachian Mountains, which extend from Canada toAlabama, were much taller in the past than they are today.Which of the following two processes are most responsible forthe decrease in the height of the Appalachian Mountains?
A. weathering and erosion
B. sedimentation and flooding
C. volcanic eruptions and landslides
D. tectonic collisions and earthquakes
13. Erosion, transportation, and deposition change the surface of Earth.
Which number in the diagram represents a landform made by the deposition of erodedsediment?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
14. Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
A hiker walks from the upper rim to the bottom of a large canyon. At the bottom of the canyon, the hiker camps for the night. The mapbelow shows the trail the hiker used.
A large river flows along the bottom of the canyon. The vertical distance between the upper rim of the canyon and the river is 1,743 meters.
What process is most responsible for the depth of the canyon?
A. One large flood moved the rock layers. B. Hot magma melted a path through the rock layers.
C. Many strong tornadoes eroded the rock layers over time. D. Flowing water eroded the rock layers slowly over many years.
15. Which activity can cause the formation of mountains?
A. weathering B. tectonic plate collisions
C. earthquakes D. water erosion
16. A science class built the models shown below to conduct a study.
Model ADirt Only
Model BDirt and Grass
Students poured the same amount of water over both models. Theyobserved that most of the dirt emptied out of the container in Model A andthat a small amount of dirt emptied out of the container in Model B. Whatwere the students most likely studying?
A. Volcanic eruptions B. The rock cycle
C. Earthquakes D. Erosion
17. How does lava affect the surface of Earth?
A. Lava forms new land.
B. Lava helps plants grow.
C. Lava provides more food to animals.
D. Lava makes temperatures cooler on Earth.
18. Which of these most likely forms when large sections of Earth’scrust collide with each other?
A. Reefs B. Gullies
C. Craters D. Mountains
19. Weathering of rock can occur in many ways. In the westernUnited States, strong winds can erode huge rock formations byblowing millions of tiny grains of sand at these rocks. Whichterm accurately describes this type of weathering?
A. Thermal B. Chemical
C. Mechanical D. Meteorological
20. How does water help to break apart rock?
A. by freezing and expanding
B. by melting and contracting
C. by condensing and expanding
D. by evaporating and contracting
21. Which process best explains how mountain ranges are worndown over time?
A. asteroid impacts
B. volcanic eruptions
C. mechanical and chemical weathering
D. continental drift and seafloor spreading
22. Use the information and figures below to answer the following question(s).
Rock Layers
The two figures below show rock layers that have been affected by Earth processes. The thin arrows onthe block in Figure 1 show direction of movement. The thicker arrows on both Figures 1 and 2 showthe direction of forces that acted on the original flat layers.
Which process produced the pattern of layers shown in Figure 1?
A. folding B. faulting C. spreading D. weathering
23. The picture below shows a sea arch.
As erosion from ocean waves continues, what will most likely happen to the hole in thislandform?
A. It will become larger. B. It will fill with sediment.
C. It will remain the same size. D. It will be covered with water.
24. A glacier moving down a mountain valley is pictured below.
Glaciers are frozen, slow-moving rivers of ice that can move about three feet per day down mountainvalleys. How does a glacier help create new soil?
A. by carrying living plant material to the ocean
B. by scraping small particles off large rocks
C. by melting rocks along its path down the valley
D. by freezing small particles of soil to form large rocks
25. Which of the following is most likely to make a rock crack andcrumble?
A. dew evaporating on the rock
B. leaves decaying on the rock
C. snow melting in a crack in the rock
D. water freezing in a crack in the rock
26. The picture below shows an island that was formed in an ocean.
Which of the following most likely caused the formation of thisisland?
A. wave erosion B. sand deposits
C. wind movement D. volcanic eruptions
27. Which of the following provides the best evidence that Earth hasevolved over geologic time?
A. coral reefs that slowly changed size
B. desert sand dunes that were shaped by winds
C. deposits of sediment found at the mouth of a river
D. rock containing fossilized seashells found on a mountaintop
28. Which best describes a landslide?
A. erosion caused by gravity B. erosion caused by wind
C. erosion caused by a river
29. All of the landforms on Earth are constantly changing shape.What is most responsible for the changes in the landforms?
A. earthquakes B. water erosion
C. pollution D. oceans
30. Which factor causes a mud slide?
A. the amount of rain in an area
B. the amount of carbon dioxide in an area
C. the amount of pollution in an area
D. the amount of wind in an area
31. Which is an example of weathering?
A. soil being carried downstream by fast-moving water
B. rocks being formed by volcanoes
C. rocks being broken apart by freezing water
D. sand being moved by strong winds
32. What has caused the formation of most of the valleys that existon Earth?
A. rivers and glaciers B. wind and rain
C. lakes and rivers D. canyons and plateaus
33. Students studied the rock diagram shown below.
What does the diagram show?
A. how water moves rock from place to place B. how different types of rock are formed
C. how rock gets moisture D. how freezing and thawing of water breaks rock
34. A lake is surrounded by hills covered with trees and shrubs.Which statement correctly describes how a change to the plantsin this area will affect this environment?
A. Adding plants to the hillsides will increase sedimentation inthe lake.
B. Adding plants to the edge of the lake will increase erosionby the lake.
C. Removing plants from the hillsides will increase erosion onthe hills.
D. Removing plants from the edge of the lake will increasesedimentation on the hills.
35. How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smallerpieces?
A. Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extremetemperatures.
B. Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.
C. Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidiccompounds.
D. Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks.
36. The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by
A. transforming the rock into igneous rock.
B. chemically changing the rock.
C. gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.
D. leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporatedsolutions.
37. The land drained by the Colorado River erodes at a rate ofapproximately 15 centimeters (cm) in 1,000 years. How longwill it take 150 cm of surface material to erode in the ColoradoRiver drainage area?
A. approximately 15 years
B. approximately 100 years
C. approximately 10,000 years
D. approximately 30,000 years
38. Natural processes shape the surface of Earth.
Most canyons are formed by
A. ice B. plants
C. steady winds D. moving water
39. In 1933, a hurricane came ashore at Ocean City, Maryland. Ahurricane negatively affects a coastline by
A. causing erosion
B. causing earthquakes
C. increasing food production
D. increasing the growth of grasses
40. Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
The diagram below shows water moving through the environment.
Which of these statements describes a change to the surface of Earth that is caused bywater moving through the environment?
A. Water transports soil. B. Dew forms on grass.
C. Ocean tides follow a pattern. D. Tropical storms remain over the ocean.
41. Use the information below to answer the following question(s).
Mount Rushmore is located in the Black Hills of South Dakota.The heads of four formerpresidents—George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln—are carvedinto Mount Rushmore as a monument. The monument rises to 1,745 meters above sea level.
Mount Rushmore is granite, one of the most common rocks on Earth, and took millions of years toform.The sculptor chose to carve the monument in granite because granite erodes at a rate of about2 centimeters every 10,000 years.
The monument carved in Mount Rushmore is most likely weathered year-round by
A. a river B. a glacier C. shifting winds D. ocean currents
42. Use the picture below to answer the following question(s).
Each spring, a crevice in the cliff wall widens and deepens.
What is the best explanation for how physical weathering causes the crevice to widen and deepen?
A. Winds deposit sand into the crevice. B. Water freezes and expands in the crevice.
C. Snow melts and evaporates between the rocks in the crevice. D. Air pollution in the area causes a reaction that widens the crevice.
43. Which statement best explains why soil in areas cleared ofvegetation becomes washed out?
A. Rock cycle activity decreases in soil that has no vegetation.
B. Rain and wind easily erode soil that has no vegetation.
C. Microbe activity increases in soil that has no vegetation.
D. Sunlight destroys nutrients in soil that has no vegetation.
44. The course of a river changed over a period of 100 years, as shown in thebefore and after diagrams below.
Which two factors most directly caused this change over time?
A. wind and rain B. erosion and deposition
C. freezing and thawing D. condensation and evaporation
45. Which action can form mountains?
A. land blocking streams B. land pushing against land
C. water flooding a field D. water rising above the soil
46. Some processes that shape Earth’s surface are slow. Otherprocesses are rapid.
Which statement describes a rapid change?
A. Glaciers melt and form rivers.
B. Wind weathers rocks into sand.
C. Earthquakes move land and rocks.
D. Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.
47. Natural processes can break large rocks into smaller pieces.
Identify and describe two processes that can break rocks apart.
48. Which kind of rock is produced by deposition and cementation?
A. marble, a metamorphic rock
B. sandstone, a sedimentary rock
C. granite, an intrusive igneous rock
D. pumice, an extrusive igneous rock
49. Wind, moving water, and moving ice pick up and move soil andother materials in a process known as
A. erupting. B. erosion.
C. faulting. D. fossilization.
50. A truckload of sand was delivered to the school playground.It rained for a week. The sand was no longer a hill. Whatprobably happened to the sand?
A. It eroded. B. It erupted.
C. It fossilized. D. It evaporated.
51. Which of the following statements correctly describes forces thatuplift and wear down the Earth’s surface?
A. Erosion builds up mountains, which are then flattened byvolcanoes.
B. Volcanic activity creates mountains, which are then worndown by erosion.
C. Volcanic activity creates mountains, which are sharpenedover time by glaciation.
D. Weathering lifts soil out of the sea, which is then distributedto rivers by erosion.
52. Soil in an empty field blows away during a strong wind.
Which activity slows the erosion of this field over time?
A. watering the field B. plowing the field in rows
C. planting grass in the field D. building an electric fence
53. Use the following pictures to answer the question.
Year 1 Year 5 Year 10
How do these plants slow soil erosion caused by heavy rains?
A. Plants absorb water from the wet soil.
B. Plant roots hold soil particles together.
C. Plant leaves release water from the soil into the air.
D. Plants decrease moisture evaporation from the soil.
54. The Appalachian mountain range is made of folded rock layers.
The presence of this folded range is evidence of which processof mountain formation?
A. separation of two fault blocks
B. collision of two plates with each other
C. eruption of volcanoes near each other
D. deposition of sand and rocks from rivers
55. What is the major process of surface rock formation onvolcanoes?
A. Rock cools quickly from melted rock.
B. Rock is recrystallized by extreme pressure.
C. Rock solidifies slowly deep underground.
D. Rock is formed from deposited sediment.
56. Chemical weathering refers to processes that change the chemicalcomposition of rocks, forming new minerals. Physical weatheringrefers to processes that break rocks down into smaller pieceswithout changing the chemical composition of the rocks. Whichof the following processes is an example of chemical weathering?
A. the widening of cracks in rocks by tree roots
B. the rusting of iron-rich rocks
C. the expansion and contraction of rocks as temperatureschange
D. the scouring of rocks by windblown sand
57. An earth science teacher places four pieces of carpet padding, representingsedimentary layers, between two large book ends, as shown in Figure 1.She then pushes the book ends toward each other, as shown in Figure 2.
What geologic process has the teacher demonstrated?
A. folding B. faulting C. convection D. divergence
58. The topsoil covering an area of land was washed away by rain.The land was most likely—
A. steep, without vegetation B. steep, with vegetation
C. flat, without vegetation D. flat, with vegetation
59. Deep within Earth, rocks are crushed and melted. Which of thefollowing most likely happens as this hot, melted rock comes tothe surface of Earth?
A. Mudslides B. Earthquakes
C. Mountains form D. Volcanoes erupt
60. The following diagram shows the structure of an alluvial fan at the mouth of a smallcanyon.
Which statement explains the forces responsible for producing these features?
A. The canyon and fan were produced by the destructive force of erosion.
B. The fan was formed by deposition, and the canyon was formed by erosion.
C. The canyon and fan were both formed quickly by an earthquake and wind.
D. The fan and canyon were produced by the constructive force of deposition.
61. Marvin visited an old library in the city. The outside of thelibrary was decorated with many statues. Over time, the featuresof the statues had become rounded and less detailed. What mostlikely caused this change?
A. Radiation B. Deposition
C. Weathering D. Sedimentation
62. Rocks found in streams often have rough edges and sharpgrooves. What is the process that roughened the edges andcaused the grooves?
A. Erosion B. Intrusion
C. Deposition D. Metamorphism
63. A row of large trees is planted next to a field of crops. What isthe purpose of the trees?
A. To replenish water
B. To control the temperature of the field
C. To provide oxygen to the crops
D. To reduce wind erosion
64. Why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks?
A. Sedimentary rocks are not very old.
B. Organisms live only in areas with sedimentary rock.
C. Organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.
D. Sedimentary rocks are found only at the surface of theground.
65. Fossil Record
In a section of the Grand Canyon, scientists have found the fossil remains of several different groups of organisms. Thediagram below represents the number and age of the fossils the scientists found. The width of each shaded area in thediagram below indicates the relative number of fossils found.
Which of the following statements is supported by the fossil record?
A. Group C is now extinct.
B. Group D has been in existence the longest.
C. Group A is the most recent organism to come into existence.
D. Group B was the most numerous organism 10 million years ago.
66. Fossil Record
The diagram below shows the fossil record of different species.
When did a major extinction event most likely occur?
A. at the end of the Cenozoic B. at the end of the Permian
C. at the beginning of the Silurian D. at the beginning of the Cambrian
67. Use the diagram below to answer the following question.
In which stage of the rock cycle shown above would you predictthe formation of fossils?
A. stage L B. stage M C. stage N D. stage P
68. Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determinethe age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes inorganisms over time?
A. time-lapse photography B. radioactive dating
C. electron microscopy D. color staining
69. The diagram below represents a cross-section of a cliff. It shows several rock layers containing fossils.
Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?
A. the layer containing trilobites B. the layer containing fishes
C. the layer containing amphibians D. the layer containing dinosaurs
70. Fossils are the evidence of organisms that lived long ago.
Which of these animals would most likely form a fossil?
A. Fish B. Spider
C. Earthworm D. Sea Nettle
71. Fossils of clam shells were found in the Appalachian Mountains.
Which of these statements best explains why the clam shellswere found in the Appalachian Mountains?
A. The mountain range was once under water.
B. Birds flying overhead dropped the clam shells.
C. Animals released the clam shells in their waste.
D. The clams lived on land before moving to water.
72. The surface of Earth is constantly changing.
Which of these findings provides the best evidence that thecrustal surface of Earth has changed over time?
A. Some rock layers are very thick.
B. Some species have become extinct.
C. Marine fossils are found in mountain areas.
D. Igneous rock is found on all tectonic plates.
73. Which is the best evidence that two continents were onceconnected?
A. They have similar types of rocks and fossils.
B. They are in the same stage of succession.
C. They exist along the same line of latitude.
D. They have the same climate.
74. This diagram shows a cross section of land that has not been overturned and includes afossil.
What can be concluded about the age of the fossil?
A. It is younger than the shale. B. It is older than the shale.
C. It is older than the sandstone. D. It is younger than the sandstone.
75. The diagram below shows index fossils from different geologic time periods.
Based on the diagram, which fossil arrangement is in sequential geologic order?
A. W B. X C. Y D. Z
76. Use the diagrams and information below to answer the question.
Monte Bolca is located high in the mountains of northern Italy. This site is one of the world’s largest deposits of coral reef fish fossils. Thereare fossils of more than 160 fish species dating back 49 million years.
These fossils provide evidence of the environment in which the coral fish lived and died.
Which statement is consistent with this evidence and explains how ancient coral reef fossils can be found high in the mountains far from anysea?
A. A huge tidal wave pushed marine life up into the mountains.
B. Prehistoric man carried fish into the mountains from the sea.
C. Fish were thrown into the mountains by a tremendous volcanic explosion.
D. Land that was uplifted to form the mountains was once covered by the sea.
77. A researcher found shark fossils on top of a mountain. Thisevidence suggests which of the following about this region?
A. It was once below a waterfall.
B. It was once part of a riverbed.
C. It was once covered by an ocean.
D. It was once near a freshwater lake.
78. Caytonia is an extinct plant that existed between 200 and140 million years ago. It had reproductive structures thatresemble structures in modern flowering plants.
How do scientists know about the structures of this ancientextinct plant?
A. Scientists study the DNA sequences of Caytonia.
B. Scientists genetically engineer modern plants to produceCaytonia.
C. Scientists excavate and examine the fossilized remains ofCaytonia.
D. Scientists observe the adaptations of plants in habitatsresembling those of Caytonia.
79. The drawings below show some trilobite and crinoid fossils.
Which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion when fossils of these two different types oforganisms are found in the same layers of rock?
A. Crinoids were prey for trilobites. B. Crinoids were ancestors of trilobites.
C. Crinoids and trilobites had similar behaviors. D. Crinoids and trilobites lived at the same time.
80. Fossils similar to marine life found in the oceans today have beenfound in rocks on top of mountains. How can this be explained?
A. The marine life can live on land or sea.
B. Marine organisms were once able to breathe air.
C. The rocks in which the fossils were found were formedunder an ocean.
D. Marine organisms have evolved from land organisms.
81. Which best explains why fossils of the same species of a reptilewere discovered in South America and in western Africa?
A. The reptiles evolved in both South America and Africa.
B. The continents of South America and Africa were oncejoined.
C. Land bridges connected the continents of South Americaand Africa.
D. The reptiles could swim the distance between South Americaand Africa.
82. Why do scientists study fossils?
A. to understand how volcanoes are formed
B. to understand life on Earth as it was millions of years ago
C. to understand when mountains were created
83. A fossilized seashell is found on a mountain.
This seashell shows that the mountain was once
A. much hotter B. much colder
C. above sea level D. covered by water
84. A leaf is covered in mud during a landslide
After one million years, this leaf will most likely be
A. a fossil B. an animal species
C. a new plant species D. a nonrenewable fuel
85. Use the information below to answer the question(s) below.
The Hawaiian Islands are home to some of the most studiedvolcanoes on Earth. The volcanoes erupt often but are seldomexplosive because of the magma that they produce. Kilaueavolcano is located on the largest of the Hawaiian islands andrises over 4,200 feet above sea level. Kilauea has been eruptingcontinuously since 1983 and has resulted in new landmass.
Why do scientists study rock layers?
A. to find rock fragments
B. to find new species of organisms
C. to find evidence of the core of Earth
D. to find physical evidence of the history of Earth
86. The diagram below shows the undisturbed layers of rock found in an area and some of the fossils foundin each layer.
Which describes how the environment in the area most likely changed over time?
A. from desert to lake B. from river valley to forest
C. from ocean to desert D. from grassland to coastal plain
87. Scientists found fish fossils in the desert.
What do the fossils tell about this environment when the fishwere alive?
A. There was a forest with large trees.
B. There were lakes with water plants.
C. There were mountains with glaciers.
D. There was a desert with large rocks.
88. Use the diagram showing a cross section of a hill and the information below to answer the following question.
Scientists see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill. The bottom layer is sandstone with fossils of a certainspecies of reptile found only in this geographic location. The middle layer is volcanic ash. The top layer is mudstone(shale) with fossils of a different species of reptile.
The fossil evidence supports which hypothesis about the extinction of the older reptile species?
A. The older reptile species went extinct because sea levels rose and flooded its habitat.
B. The older reptile species went extinct because a predator was introduced into the environment.
C. The older reptile species went extinct because it could not compete with the younger reptile species.
D. The older reptile species went extinct because a volcanic eruption caused the environment to change.
89.
Fossils of the Coelacanth (se’ le kanth’) fish occur in the fossil record from 410 to 65 million yearsago. The lack of more recent fossils led scientists to conclude that the fish went extinct along with thedinosaurs. In 1938, a fisherman caught a living Coelacanth. More than 200 of them have been caughton the deep reefs in the Indian Ocean. This fish has been called a “living fossil” because its body plan isnearly identical to the 400-million-year-old fossils.
This structural similarity, as evidenced by the fossil record, supports which statement?
A. The environment of the deep sea has changed little over millions of years.
B. The amount of salt in the deep sea has varied greatly over millions of years.
C. The oceans have completely dried up multiple times during the past 400 million years.
D. The oceans have been continuously repopulated by freshwater fish species over millions of years.
90. The White Cliffs of Dover are made of a white sedimentarystone called chalk, which was formed when shells and skeletonsof small marine organisms were deposited in a thick layer.
An examination of the Cliffs of Dover from top to bottom wouldshow a change from
A. younger fossils to older fossils.
B. simple fossils to complex fossils.
C. igneous rock to sedimentary rock.
D. marine organisms to land organisms.
91. Fossils of shellfish have been discovered on top of the HimalayanMountains and Rocky Mountains. What is the best conclusionthat scientists can make from these discoveries?
A. Erosion moves fossils.
B. Mountain animals eat seafood.
C. Water once covered these areas.
D. Shellfish evolved to live in water and on land.
92. Many fossils of insects have been discovered in the UnitedStates. Scientists sometimes conclude that these fossils arerelated to insects alive today. How do scientists most often makethese conclusions?
A. By comparing what the insects ate
B. By comparing how the insects behaved
C. By comparing how long the insects lived
D. By comparing what the insects looked like
93. Sometimes paleontologists find fossils with characteristics verydifferent from the fossils they have already cataloged in thatarea. What would the scientists most likely conclude?
A. The new find is not a fossil.
B. The new find has been incorrectly identified.
C. The new find was moved from its original location byanimals.
D. The new find existed at a different time than those alreadycataloged.
94. Paleontologists study fossils to obtain information aboutorganisms. In which of these types of rocks would apaleontologist most likely find fossils?
A. Igneous B. Synthetic
C. Sedimentary D. Metamorphic
95. An unusual type of fossil clam is found in rock layers high inthe Swiss Alps. The same type of fossil clam is also found inthe Rocky Mountains of North America. From this, scientistsconclude that .
A. glaciers carried the fossils up the mountains
B. the Rocky Mountains and the Swiss Alps are both volcanicin origin
C. clams once lived in mountains, but have since evolved intosea-dwelling creatures
D. the layers of rocks in which the fossils were found are fromthe same geologic age
96. Which feature would most likely be forming at convergingcontinental tectonic plate boundaries?
A. rift valley B. deep trench
C. volcanic cone D. uplifted mountain
97. The table below shows how far away people can feel tremors from earthquakes of different magnitudes. Thetable also shows about how many times each year earthquakes of different magnitudes occur. Use the tableto answer the following question(s).
If an earthquake with a magnitude of 2 occurred, how far away from the earthquake would the tremorsmost likely be felt?
A. more than 112 kilometers B. between 48 and 112 kilometers
C. between 24 and 48 kilometers D. less than 24 kilometers
98. Which of these is an immediate result of the movement oftectonic plates?
A. ocean currents B. earthquakes
C. glaciers D. tides
99. The Pacific Ring of Fire is a belt-shaped region that roughlycoincides with the seacoasts bordering the Pacific Ocean. Explainwhy volcanic activity and earthquakes occur frequently in thisregion.
100.
This area of land with a variety of surface features is viewed from above.What caused the shift of the surface features?
A. A fault B. A road
C. A flowing stream D. A volcanic intrusion
101.
cross section view
How was the mountain shown above most likely formed?
A. Plates A and B are moving towards each other.
B. Plates A and B are moving apart from each other.
C. Plate A is moving away and Plate B is stationary.
D. Plate A is stationary and Plate B is moving away.
102. On the map below, dark circles indicate the positions of volcanoes in the “Ring of Fire” in and around the Pacific Ocean.Dark lines indicate tectonic plate boundaries of Earth’s crust.
Map showing positions of volcanoes in the “Ring of Fire” in and around the Pacific OceanAccording to this map, which ofthe following describes where volcanoes are most likely to form in the Ring of Fire?
A. Volcanoes form in the middle of a tectonic plate.
B. Volcanoes form below the surface of tectonic plates.
C. Volcanoes form where tectonic plates meet other plates.
D. Volcanoes form where earthquakes are least likely to occur.
103. Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakesoccur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?
A. The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock foundin Massachusetts is sedimentary.
B. California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates,but Massachusetts is not.
C. The rock under California is soft, but the rock underMassachusetts is hard.
D. California is located on a continental plate, butMassachusetts is not.
104. Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the followingEarth processes?
A. erosion of coastlines
B. weathering of mountains
C. movement of crustal plates
D. formation of sedimentary rocks
105. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge exists between the African and SouthAmerican geologic plates. Which process most often occurs atthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
A. destruction of underwater mountains
B. creation of new continents
C. subduction of geologic plates
D. spreading of sea floor
106. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event.
Which natural event most likely caused the crack in the road?
A. wind
B. earthquake
C. a lava flow from a volcano
D. an avalanche down a mountain
107. A rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary?
A. convergent B. divergent
C. transform D. uniform
108. Which of the following is most responsible for the formation ofnew crust at the edge of a tectonic plate?
A. mountain building at a continent-continent convergentboundary
B. magma rising up from the mantle at a divergent boundary
C. two tectonic plates sliding past one another at a transformboundary
D. subduction of one oceanic plate under another at aconvergent boundary
109.
At which location would earthquakes be least likely to occur?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
110. The Richter scale measures which of the following earthquakecharacteristics?
A. intensity B. magnitude
C. frequency D. probability
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Geologic Evolution 11/18/2013
1.Answer: B
2.Answer: C
3.Answer: B
4.Answer: D
5.Answer: B
6.Answer: B
7.Answer: A
8.Answer: C
9.Answer: A
10.Answer: A
11.Answer: C
12.Answer: A
13.Answer: C
14.Answer: D
15.Answer: B
16.Answer: D
17.Answer: A
18.Answer: D
19.Answer: C
20.Answer: A
21.Answer: C
22.Answer: B
23.Answer: A
24.Answer: B
25.Answer: D
26.Answer: D
27.Answer: D
28.Answer: A
29.Answer: B
30.Answer: A
31.Answer: C
32.Answer: A
33.Answer: D
34.Answer: C
35.Answer: B
36.Answer: C
37.Answer: C
38.Answer: D
39.Answer: A
40.Answer: A
Teacher’s Key Page 2
41.Answer: C
42.Answer: B
43.Answer: B
44.Answer: B
45.Answer: B
46.Answer: C
47.Answer: 1. Water freezes in the cracks of rocks.
Water expands when it freezes andbreaks up the rock.
2. Wind blows sand and small rocksagainst big rocks. This can wear rocksdown and make them break intopieces.
48.Answer: B
49.Answer: B
50.Answer: A
51.Answer: B
52.Answer: C
53.Answer: B
54.Answer: B
55.Answer: A
56.
57.Answer: A
58.Answer: A
59.
60.Answer: B
61.Answer: C
62.Answer: A
63.Answer: D
64.Answer: C
65.Answer: B
66.Answer: B
67.Answer: C
68.Answer: B
69.Answer: D
70.Answer: A
71.Answer: A
72.Answer: C
73.Answer: A
74.Answer: B
75.Answer: D
76.Answer: D
77.Answer: C
78.Answer: C
79.Answer: D
80.Answer: C
81.Answer: B
82.Answer: B
83.Answer: D
Teacher’s Key Page 3
84.Answer: A
85.Answer: D
86.Answer: C
87.Answer: B
88.Answer: D
89.Answer: A
90.Answer: A
91.Answer: C
92.Answer: D
93.Answer: D
94.Answer: C
95.Answer: D
96.Answer: D
97.Answer: D
98.Answer: B
99.
100.Answer: A
101.Answer: A
102.Answer: C
103.Answer: B
104.Answer: C
105.Answer: D
106.Answer: B
107.Answer: B
108.Answer: B
109.Answer: A
110.Answer: B