10 3 civics
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Section 3
Financing a Campaign
Chapter 10Paying For Election Campaigns
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OUTLINE• Financing a Campaign
• Raising Money
– Federal Election Campaign Act• Federal Election Committee• Limiting Contributions• Public Funding
– PACs and Soft Money• Spending on Media• A Reluctance to Reform
– Campaign Reform• New Law Upheld and The Future
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Raising Money
• It has been so shady in the past, that now there is federal legislation enacted to regulate how and where candidates get money
• We have seen many changes in these laws over the past few years in an effort to reform the system
• Namely the FEC and Buckley v. Valeo
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Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)
• An effort to control/regulate campaign financing (est. 1971; amend. 1974, 1976, 1979)
• What did it do?– Required public disclosure of each candidate’s
spending– Limited the amount of money that individuals or
groups could donate directly to a candidate or political party (HARD MONEY)
– Set up the FEC
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The FEC
Their job is to administer all federal election laws and to monitor campaign spending
All contributions to a candidate or political party over 200 dollars needs to be reported to the FEC
“political watchdog”
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Buckley v. Valeo
• “Set the precedent”
• The Supreme Court decided that it IS constitutional to set limits on campaign contributions bc of its need to keep corruption out of elections.
• HOWEVER…….
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C.R.E.A.M!!!!• You are allowed to
spend as much as you want on the entire campaign (no “cap”) and you can spend as much of your own money as you want!!!!!
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Public Funding
• FECA – wanted to give us an opportunity to help these candidates get elected. How?
• The Presidential Election Campaign Fund• Check a box on your Tax Returns…and you can
donate three of your dollars to this fund that, if they qualify, can benefit candidates.
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Public vs. Private
• Most money comes from Private Sources and not Public (Pres. Camp. Elec. Fund)– Examples of Private Sources• Individual citizens• Corporations• Labor unions• Interest groups• Political Action Committes (PACs)
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Political Action Committees (PACs)
• Organizations set up by interest groups specifically to collect money to support favored candidates.
Amounts limited by FECA
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Soft money
• Political Parties can also raise “soft money” – which is unlimited amounts of money used for general purposes.– VOTER REGISTRATION CAMPAIGNS– DIRECT MAILINGS
• According to FECA - This money could come from anyone and anywhere – and there was no limit
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Spending on Media
• FECA put no limits on any media spending, TV, print, radio, etc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Svbcwx6FZPA
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4_ypTOwo_U
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A Reluctance to Reform
• Because it was getting sloppy and shady – there was talks of “reform” in Congress….
• However, incumbents were reluctant to give up their advantage
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Campaign Reform
• In 2002 – Change came….• Congress passed the The Bipartisan Campaign
Reform Act (aka the McCain-Feingold Act)• A prohibition of national political parties,
federal officeholders, and federal candidates from raising soft money
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The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
• It also put restrictions on Corporations, interest group, and unions running ads for (or against) candidates.
• Limited Hard Money contributions– individual candidate – 2,000– Political Party – 25,000
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New Law Upheld
• McConnell v. Federal Elections Committee
• “these limits are a violation of my free speech”
• McCain-Feingold Act - UPHELDWhy?Without limits big donors could influence
the policy makers – unfair and undemocratic
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The Future?
• Candidates need to now focus on a larger amount of smaller donations
• How do we do that? THE INTERNET
• Cheap, reaches millions