10 analyze the thermal properties by varying …€¦ · comparison of typing speeds on different...

Comparison of Typing Speeds on Different Types of Keyboards and Factors Influencing It, Siddharth

Ghoshal, Gaurav Acharya, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 8.8293 Calculated by GISI

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www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp 95 [email protected]

1PG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Vijay Rural Engineering College/ JNTU Hyderabad, India

2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Vijay Rural Engineering College/ JNTU Hyderabad, India

ABSTRACT

The Engine cylinder is one of the major automobile components, which is subjected to high

temperature variations and thermal stresses. In order to cool the cylinder, fins are provided on the

cylinder to increase the rate of heat transfer. By doing thermal analysis on the engine cylinder fins, it

is helpful to know the heat dissipation inside the cylinder. The principle implemented in this project

is to increase the heat dissipation rate The parametric model is created by varying the geometry, rect-

angular, circular and curved shaped fins and also by varying thickness of the fins. The main aim is to

analysis thermal properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of cylinder fins. Transient

thermal analysis determines temperatures Heat flux, Thermal gradient and other thermal quantities

that vary over time. The variation of temperature distribution over time is of interest in many

applications such as in cooling. In this project we have taken rectangular, circular and curved fins of

3mm thickness, initially and reduce the thickness into 2.5mm done analysis on the point “ How the

heat transfer changes by the reducing the thickness of the fin. The accurate thermal simulation

could permit critical design parameters to be identified for improved life. The 3D modeling

software used is Pro/Engineer. The analysis is done using ANSYS. Presently Material used for

manufacturing cylinder fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204 which has thermal conductivity of 110-

150W/mk

Keywords: Combustion Chamber, Cylinder Walls Aluminum Alloy, Modeling With Design

Parameters, And Analysis In ANSYS.

I. INTRODUCTION

In the paper by Mr. Mehul S. Patel, Mr. N.M.Vora[1]

, the main aim is to analysis thermal

properties by varying geometry, material and thickness of cylinder fins. Transient thermal analysis

determines temperatures and other thermal quantities that vary over time. The variation of

temperature distribution over time is of interest in many applications such as in cooling. The

accurate thermal simulation could permit critical design parameters to be identified for

improved life. In the paper by Pulkit Agarwal, Mayur Shrikhande and P. Srinivasan[2]

, an air-

cooled motorcycle engine releases heat to the atmosphere through the mode of forced convection. To

ANALYZE THE THERMAL PROPERTIES BY VARYING

GEOMETRY, MATERIAL AND THICKNESS OF CYLINDER FINS

Thammala Praveen1, Dr.P.Sampath Rao

2

Volume 6, Issue 6, June (2015), pp. 95-118

Article ID: 30120150606010

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

© IAEME: http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET.asp

ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online)

IJMET

© I A E M E



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facilitate this, fins are provided on the outer surface of the cylinder. An attempt is made to simulate

the heat transfer using CFD analysis. The heat transfer surface of the engine is modeled in GAMBIT

and simulated in FLUENT software. An expression of average fin surface heat transfer coefficient in

terms of wind velocity is obtained. It is observed that when the ambient temperature reduces to a

very low value, it results in overcooling and poor efficiency of the engine. In the paper by U. V.

Awasarmol and Dr. A. T. Pise[3]

, the outcome of experimental study conducted to compare the rate

of heat transfer with solid and permeable fins and the effect of angle of inclination of fins. Permeable

fins are formed by modifying the solid rectangular fins by drilling three inline holes per fin. Solid

and Permeable fin block are kept in isolated chamber to study the natural convection heat transfer.

Natural convection heat transfer through of each of these blocks was compared in terms of variations

in steady state temperatures of base and tip. The steady state temperatures were recorded at constant

heat flux condition. At the same time the steady state temperatures were recorded for different angles

of inclination of fins. Blocks having solid and permeable fins were tested for different inputs

(i.e.15W, 20W). Also the blocks were rotated through the different angles of inclination of fins

(i.e.00, 15

0, 30

0, 45

0, 60

0, 75

0, 90

0). It is found that using permeable fins, heat transfer rate is

improved and convective heat transfer coefficient increases by about 20% as compared to solid fins

with reduction of cost of the material 30%. And the optimum angle of inclination of fins is 900 i.e.

vertical fins. It is also found out that the permeable fins are cooler than the solid fins and the

minimum base temperature is recorded at 900 angle. In the paper by, A Dewan, P Patro, I Khan,and P

Mahanta[4]

, presents a computational study of the steady-state thermal and air-flow resistance

characteristics and performance analysis through a rectangular channel with circular pin fins attached

to a flat surface. The pin fins are arranged in staggered manner and the heat transfer is assumed to be

conjugated in nature. The body forces and radiation effects are assumed to be negligible. The

hydrodynamic and thermal behaviours are studied in detail for the Reynolds numbers varying from

200 to 1000. The heat transfer increases with an increase of the fin density along the stream wise

direction. For the same surface area and pumping power, the fin materials with large thermal

conductivity provide high heat transfer rate with no increase in the pressure drop. The emphasis of

the present research work is not only to look into the traditional objective of maximum heat transfer

in a heat exchanger, but also to obtain it with minimum pressure drop.

II.METHODOLOGY

A. Specifications and Material data

Fig 2.1 Rectangular shape FIN body with 3mm size



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Fig 2.2 circular shape FIN body with 3mm size

Fig 2.3 curve shape FIN body with 3mm size

Aluminum Alloy 204

Thermal Conductivity – 120 w/mk,

Specific Heat – 0.963 J/g ºC,

Density – 2.8 g/cc.

Magnesium




Aluminum Alloy 7075




Beryllium Thermal Conductivity – 216 w/mk,



Film Co-efficient – 25 W/mmK,

Bulk Temperature – 313 K.

The specifications and geometry of an object with different shape is shown in figure 2.1, 2.2

and 2.3. The FIN body thickness is designed in varies thickness as 3mm and 2.5mm

B. Modeling of cylinder fin body

This work involved creating a solid model of the helical spring using Pro/ENGINEER

software with the given specifications and analyzing the same model using ANSYS software. The

modal is created according to the parameters as shown in figure 2.4 in different shapes with varying

fin thickness



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Fig: 2.4 cylinder fin body parameters

C. Analysis of modeled cylinder fin body

A model of the cylinder fin body was created using Pro/Engineer software. Then the model

will be imported to analysis using FEA in this connection ANSYS software is used. ANSYS to

complete thermal analysis for detemining maximum heat transfer rate and minimum heat transfer

rate in W/mm2. The temperature is maximum inside the cylinder with value in ‘K’ and decreasing to

outside still reducing on the fins.



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3mm CYLINDER FIN THICKNESS MAGNESIUM

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.5 Rectangle shaped Magnesium at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness

The temperature is maximum inside the cylinder with value of 530.778K and decreasing to

outside with 476.333K and is still reducing on the fins.

THERMAL GRADIENT SUM

Fig 2.6 Rectangle shaped Magnesium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness

The change in temperature is in the maximum of 66.8294K/mm to 75.254K/mm and

minimum of 8.36156K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.7 Rectangle shaped Magnesium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness

The maximum heat transfer rate is 11.9654 W/mm2 and minimum heat transfer rate is 1.329

W/mm2.



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ALUMINUM ALLOY 7075

NODALTEMPERATURE

Fig 2.8 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness




Fig 2.9 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm

Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.10 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm

Thickness

The maximum heat transfer rate is 12.2369 W/mm2 and minimum heat transfer rate is 1.35 W/mm

2.



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BERYLLIUM NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.11 Rectangle shaped Beryllium at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness




Fig 2.12 Rectangle shaped Beryllium Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.13 Rectangle shaped Beryllium Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness



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The maximum heat transfer rate is 12.9054 W/mm2 and minimum heat transfer rate is

1.43394 W/mm2.

2.5mm Thickness

ALUMINUM ALLOY 204

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.14 Rectangle Shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness




Fig 2.15 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.16 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness


2.26829 W/mm2.



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MAGNESIUM

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.17 Rectangle shaped Magnesium at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness




Fig 2.18 Rectangle shaped Magnesium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness


minimu of 15.6407K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.19 Rectangle shaped Magnesium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness

The maximum heat transfer rate is 22.3819 W/mm2 and minimum heat transfer rate is 2.486 W/mm



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ALUMINUM ALLOY 7075

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.20 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness




Fig 2.21 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.22 Rectangle shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness



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2.55652 W/mm2

BERYLLIUM

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.23 Rectangle shaped Beryllium at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness




Fig 2.24 Rectangle shaped Beryllium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.25 Rectangle shaped Beryllium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness


3.16852 W/mm2.



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CIRCULAR

1 3mm Thickness

ALUMINUM ALLOY 204

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.26 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness



THERMALGRADIENTSUM

Fig 2.27 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm

Thickness

The change in temperature is in the maximum of 2.663K/mm to 2.995K/mm and minimum of

0.339126K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.28 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness



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0.040695 W/mm2.

MAGNESIUM

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.29 Circular shaped Magnesium at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness




Fig 2.30 Circular shaped Magnesium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness

The change in temperature is in the maximum of 2.372K/mm to 0.26728K/mm and minimum

of 10.1845K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.31 Circular shaped Magnesium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness



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0.042497 W/mm2

ALUMINUM ALLOY 7075

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.33 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness




Fig 2.34 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm

Thickness


minimu of 10.1845K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.35 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm

Thickness



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0.041656 W/mm2.

BERYLLIUM

1. Results

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.36 Circular shaped Beryllium at Nodal Temperature with 3mm Thickness

Temperature is maximum inside the cylinder with value of 552.588K and decreasing to



Fig 2.37 Circular shaped Beryllium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.38 Circular shaped Beryllium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 3mm Thickness



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0.042806 W/mm2.

2.5mm Thickness

ALUMINUM ALLOY 204

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.39 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness



THERMALGRADIENTSUM

Fig 2.40 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness


0.381639K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.41 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 204 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness



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0.045797 W/mm2.

MAGNESIUM

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.42 Circular shaped Magnesium at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness




Fig 2.43 Circular shaped Magnesium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness


0.304052K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.44 Circular shaped Magnesium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness



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0.048344 W/mm2.

ALUMINUM ALLOY 7075

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.45 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness

The temperature is maximum inside the cylinder with value of 552.384K and decreasing to outside

with 541.151K and is still reducing on the fins.


Fig 2.46 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness



THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.47 Circular shaped Aluminum Alloy 7075 with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm

Thickness



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0.053015 W/mm2.

BERYLLIUM

NODAL TEMPERATURE

Fig 2.48 Circular shaped Beryllium at Nodal Temperature with 2.5mm Thickness




Fig 2.49 Circular shaped Beryllium with Thermal Gradient Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness


0.297745K/mm

THERMAL FLUX SUM

Fig 2.50 Circular shaped Beryllium with Thermal Flux Vector Sum with 2.5mm Thickness



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0.05151 W/mm2.

III RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 3.1 Results and Discussions

in Thickness Type Materials

Results

NODAL

TEMPERATURE

THERMAL

GRADIENT HEAT FLUX

2.5mm

Curved Al 7075 558 21.7453 3.76193

Al 204 558 30.034 3.604

Beryllium 558 17.7891 3.84244

Magnesium 558 2.73671 0.435137

Circular Al 7075 558 2.16593 0.467841

Al 204 558 3.354 0.40253

Beryllium 558 2.62442 0.454025

Magnesium 558 2.663 0.423381

Rectangular Al 7075 558 182.998 23.0087

Al 204 558 170.122 20.4146

Beryllium 558 132.021 28.5166

Magnesium 558 140.767 22.3819

3mm

Curved Al 7075 558 2.39 0.413

Al 204 558 3.537 0.424496

Beryllium 558 1.96731 0.42278

Magnesium 558 2.763 0.439357

Circular Al 7075 558 2.12 0.366

Al 204 558 2.99 0.359345

Beryllium 558 1.74111 0.377375

Magnesium 558 2.3772 0.377

Rectangular Al 7075 558 70.7334 12.234

Al 204 558 91.6605 10.9993

Beryllium 558 59.747 12.9054

Magnesium 558 75.254 11.9634

3.2 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Thickness of 2.5 mm

1. Curved

Fig 3.1 Results of Thermal gradient and Heat Flux of all materials with Curve Shape and Thickness

of 2.5 mm

2. Circular

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Heat Flux Thermal

Gradient

Al 7075

Al 204

Beryllium

Magnesium



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Fig 3.2 Results of Thermal gradient and Heat Flux of all materials with Circular Shape and

Thickness of 2.5 mm

3. Rectangular

Fig 3.3 Results of Thermal gradient and Heat Flux of all materials with Rectangle Shape and

Thickness of 2.5 mm

By observing the graphs, the heat flux is more for Beryllium and Aluminum alloy 7075.

Thickness of 3 mm

1. Curved

Fig 3.4 Results of Thermal gradient and Heat Flux of all materials with Curve Shape and Thickness

of 3 mm

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Heat Flux Thermal

Gradient

Al 7075

Al 204

Beryllium

Magnesium

0

50

100

150

200

Heat Flux Thermal

Gradient

Al 7075

Al 204

Beryllium

Magnesium

0

1

2

3

4

Heat Flux Thermal

Gradient

Al 7075

Al204

Beryllium

Magnesium



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2. Circular

Fig 3.5 Results of Thermal gradient and Heat Flux of all materials with Circular Shape and

Thickness of 2.5 mm

3. Rectangular

Fig 3.6 Results of Thermal gradient and Heat Flux of all materials with Rectangle Shape and

Thickness of 2.5 mm

By observing the graphs, the heat flux is more for Beryllium and Aluminum alloy 7075.

Comparison of Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm

1 Curved

Thermal Gradient

Fig 3.7 Thermal Gradiant for Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm when curved

Thermal Flux

Fig 3.8 Thermal Flux for Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm when curved

By observing the graphs, the heat flux is more for 2.5mm

01234

Heat Flux Thermal

Gradient

Al 7075

Al 204

Beryllium

magnesium

0

50

100

Heat Flux Thermal

Gradient

Al 7075

Al 204

Beryllium

Magnesium

0 20 40

2.5mm

3.0mm Magnesium

Beryllium

Al 204

Al 7075

0 5

2.5 mm

3.0 mm Magnesium

Beryllium

Al 204

Al 7075



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2. Circular

Thermal Gradient

Fig 3.9 Thermal Gradiant for Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm when circle

Thermal Flux

Fig 3.10 Thermal Flux for Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm when circle


Rectangular

Thermal Gradient

Fig 3.11 Thermal Gradiant for Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm when Rectangle

Thermal Flux

Fig 3.12 Thermal Flux for Thickness 2.5 mm and 3 mm when Rectangle


0 2 4

2.5 mm

3.0 mmMagnesiu

m

Beryllium

Al 204

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

2.5mm

3mm Magnesium

Beryllium

Al 204

Al 7075

0 100 200

2.5 mm

3.0 mm Magnesium

Beryllium

Al 204

Al 7075

0 20 40

2.5 mm

3.0 mm

Magnesiu

m

Beryllium

Al 204



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IV.CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

In this thesis, a cylinder fin body for a 150cc motorcycle is modeled using parametric

software Pro/Engineer. The original model is changed by changing the thickness of the fins. The

thickness of the original model is 3mm, it has been reduced to 2.5mm. By reducing the thickness of

the fins, the overall weight is reduced.

Present used material for fin body is Aluminum Alloy 204. In this thesis, three other

materials are considered which have more thermal conductivities than Aluminum Alloy 204. The

materials are Aluminum alloy 7075, Magnesium Alloy and Beryllium. Thermal analysis is done for

all the three materials. The material for the original model is changed by taking the consideration of

their densities and thermal conductivity.

By observing the thermal analysis results, thermal flux is more for Beryllium than other

materials and also by reducing the thickness of the fin 2.5mm, the heat transfer rate is increased.

The shape of the fin can be modified to improve the heat transfer rate and can be analyzed. The use

of Aluminum alloy 6061 as per the manufacturing aspect is to be considered. By changing the

thickness of the fin, the total manufacturing cost is extra to prepare the new component.

REFERENCES

1. Thermal Analysis of I C Engine cylinder fins array using CFD by Mr. Mehul S. Patel, Mr. N.M.Vora

2. Heat Transfer Simulation by CFD from Fins of an Air Cooled Motorcycle Engine under Varying

Climatic Conditions by Pulkit Agarwal, Mayur Shrikhande and P. Srinivasan

3. Experimental Study of Effect of Angle of Inclination of Fins on Natural Convection Heat Transfer

through Permeable Fins by U. V. Awasarmol and Dr. A. T. Pise

4. The effect of fin spacing and material on the performance of a heat sink with circular pin fins by A

Dewan, P Patro, I Khan,and P Mahanta

5. Nabemoto, A., Heat Transfer on a Fin of Fin Tube, Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering, Hiroshima

University, (in Japanese), Vol.33, No.2 (1985), pp.127–136.

6. Gibson, A.H., The Air Cooling of Petrol Engines, Proceedings of the Institute of Automobile

Engineers, Vol.XIV (1920), pp.243–275.

7. Biermann, A.E. and Pinkel, B., Heat Transfer from Finned Metal Cylinders in an Air Stream, NACA

Report No.488 (1935).

8. Thornhill, D. and May, A., An Experimental Investigation into the Cooling of Finned Metal Cylinders,

in a

9. Free Air Stream, SAE Paper 1999-01-3307, (1999). ( 4 ) Thornhill, D., Graham, A., Cunnigham, G.,

Troxier, P. and Meyer, R.,

10. Experimental Investigation into the Free Air-Cooling of Air-Cooled Cylinders, SAE Paper 2003-32-

0034, (2003). ( 5 ) Pai, B.U., Samaga, B.S. and Mahadevan, K., Some

11. Experimental Studies of Heat Transfer from Finned Cylinders of Air-Cooled I.C. Engines, 4th National

Heat Mass Transfer Conference, (1977), pp.137–144.

12. (Nabemoto, A. and Chiba, T., Flow over Fin Surfaces of Fin Tubes, Bulletin of the Faculty of

Engineering, Hiroshima University, (in Japanese), Vol.33, No.2 (1985), pp.117–125.

13. Thermal Engineering by I. Shvets, M. Kondak

14. Thermal Engineering by Rudramoorthy

15. Thermal Engineering by R.K. Rajput

16. Thermal Engineering by Sarkar 17. Ali Salah Ameen and Dr. Ajeet Kumar Rai, “Analysis of Electronic Chips Microchannel by

Using Ansys Software” International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering &

Technology (IJARET), Volume 5, Issue 7, 2014, pp. 47 - 56, ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN

Online: 0976-6499.

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