10 hans hanew developments in small scale esp technology

8/14/2019 10 Hans Hanew developments in small scale ESP technology

1/21

ew eve opments n sma sca e tec no ogy

Hans Hartmann,

Peter Turowski

Technology- and Support Centre (TFZ), Straubing, Germany

Technologie- und Frderzentrumim Kompetenzzentrum fr Nachwachsende Rohstoffe

Hartmannp08 B ha 010

(www.tfz.bayern.de)


2/21

Content

Introduction

Current developments of small ESP's for wood combustionand results from tests

u oo on er es pro ec y Test procedure

Conclusions




3/21

German emission directive Proposed future limitations for room heaters/stoves

- -

Step 1:erected after

regulation date

Step 2:erected after31.12.2014

erected afterregulation

date

(here: no inspection by chimney sweep shall be required!)

Furnace type CO[g/m]

Dust

[g/m]

CO

[g/m]

Dust

[g/m]

minimumefficiency

[%]

Room heaters with flat furnace 2,0 0,10 1,25 0,04 73

oom ea ers w ng urnace , , , ,

Heat storage stoves 2,0 0,10 1,25 0,04 75

Closed fireplaces 2,0 0,10 1,25 0,04 75

Tiled stoves (flat furnace) 2,0 0,10 1,25 0,04 80

Tiled stoves (filling furnace) 2,5 0,10 1,25 0,04 80

Cooking stoves 3,0 0,10 1,50 0,04 70

Central heating&cooking stoves 3,5 0,10 1,50 0,04 75

Pellet stoves without water jacket 0,40 0,05 0,25 0,03 85



Pellet stoves with water jacket 0,40 0,03 0,25 0,02 90


4/21

State-of-the-art wood furnaces in Germany Recent measurementsfrom practice oriented trials. Here: total dust and particle sizes

Avera e of 10 to12 measurements er furnace usin hard

and soft wood in the usual moisture ran e

72

583%

2%

80>10m

2,5-10m1-2,5m

2500

mg/Nm3

(13 % O2)

4%

6%2%

7%

50

60

ission

26

20

89%5%

7%3%

6%

11%

1%

3%

12%

0%20

30

Particlee

191%70%

96%

3%

010

Pellet- Wood chip Log wood Tiled Chimney Heating oil



Source: TFZ, unpublished

boiler boiler boiler stove stove boiler


5/21

Spanner ESP-type (Germany): SFF 20, SFF 50 and SFF 100Electrostatic precipitator for small scale application

Integrated electrostaticprecipitator (by Spanner)on top of pellet boiler

, , Power of boiler:


6/21

Spanner ESP-type: Large filter version (SFF 50)

Filter entrance (top)



Filter outlet (bottom)


7/21

Test results with Spanner ESP-type (SFF 20):Particle removal from log wood boiler exhaust fumes

150 100raw gas clean gas removal effiency

3

PM emissions and removal effiency measured with 30 kW log wood boiler at theTFZ test stand with different wood fuels (unpublished data by TFZ)

109

93

93

78

8682

91 9294

85 85 8581

8590

88120 80

(13 % O2) %

62

4660

90

Me

mission

40

60

ovaleffiency

2616

33 36 3236

24 19

28 30

18

2 4 57

39 5 5 5 6 4 4 3 2

2530 20rem



birchmc=18%

spruce, mc=23%normal logs

beechmc=14%

spruce, mc=1 3%large logs

spruce, mc=13%unsplit


8/21

Test results with Spanner ESP-type (SFF20):Particle size distribution

100< 1 m

60

70

802,5 - 1 m10 - 2,5 m> 10 m

73%

67%

58%81%77%60%53%79% 76%90%

rticlesize

30

4050

8%15%6%15%

6%

8%

6%

7%13%

6% 3%Shareofpa

0

10

off on off on off on off on off onESP-status:

19%19%

10%10%

27%

19%6%

7%

7%

7%

11%

10%

9%

12%

4%3%

3%



w=23 %

,round wood

,big logs

ue :


9/21

Ruegg- / K&W-type ESP (Switzerland/Germany):Electrostatic precipitator for small scale application

Min. 1,5 m metal exhaust pipe required Voltage: 20 kV Cleaning by hand

ec r. consump on: ,(on/standby)

State: series (Switzerland),field testing (Germany)

r ce: aroun ,-



Electrode and particle deposition in exhaust pipe Particle deposition in exhaust pipe

Photos:Ruegg, Switzerland


10/21

Ruegg- / K&W-type ESP: Examples of applications

Filter insert

Electrode Thermostat

Feed pipe

Purge air

Control module

Contol unit Ventilator

Electr. supply 230V



Source: Ruegg, Switzerland


11/21

Test results with Ruegg- / K&W- type ESP

Source: C. Gaegauf, kozentrumLangenbruck (Switzerland)

Dust reduction by mass

Further conclusion: - Particle reduction by mass is slightly lower than by particle numbers (SMPS)



- Separation is largely independent from total dust concentrations


12/21

APP-type ESP (ResidentialESP, by APP Applied Plasma Physics,Norway): Electrostatic precipitator for chimney-top applications

Mainly for wood or coal stoves and boilers Voltage: not specified Electr. consumption: not specified

-, State: field testing of prototypes



Source: APP, Norway


13/21

Oeko Tube ESP (by OekoSolve AG, Liechtenstein/Switzerland)Electrostatic precipitator for chimney-top applications

Mainly for wood stoves Max. power output: 35 kW Voltage: not specified

01 Chimney head02 Oeko Tube03 Electrical connection04 Electrode

first revision after 2 months Electr. consumption: 20 - 30 W Price: about 1400,-



Source: OekoSolve, Switzerland


14/21

Spartherm ESP ("Airbox", Germany)Electrostatic precipitator for living room applications

Mainly for wood stoves or fireplaces Max. power output: 15 kW Manual bypass operation

Cleaning by hand (every 100 hours, usingvacuum cleaner)

Electr. consumption: not specified

Ptate: yet unknown



Source: Spartherm, Germany


15/21

Developing an "electrostatic scrubber"(Project FH Gelsenkirchen/Germany)

Load distribution and orientationof electrical field

pressure reducer gauge nozzle electrode

Test setup for"electrostatic scrubber"



Source: Prof. R. Rawe, FH Gelsenkirchen, Germany

high voltage supply liquid collector


16/21

Filter test programme by TFZ (starting October 2008)

4 x Ruegg/K&W; 3 x Spanner type, 3 x APP-type) Monitoring of function

Cleaning requirements Operational errors

Each filter is tested over 6 weeks semi-permanent operation for Particle reduction (diluted/ undiluted flue gas) with old&new stove or boiler

Monitoring of function

Cleaning requirements (depositions)

Dust composition changes



Electricity consumption


17/21

Absolute increase of measured total dust emission after fluegas dilution as function of OGC-emission

y = 5E-05x2 + 0,1078x + 3,52952

14003

Evaluation of 95 parallel measurements at a chimney stove and a tiled stove using various wood fuels atdifferent operational modes (wood logs, briquettes, various moisture contents, charging modes and times etc.)

,

800

1000

1200

emission

as

(13 % O2)

400

600

eoftotaldu

st

ndilutedflu

e

-200

05000 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Inc

reas

mg/Nm3

(13 % O2)



Source: TFZ unpublished (2008)

,


18/21

Particle sampling using dilution tunnel

ParameterMean value

(from 95 trials)

CO2 , undiluted

CO2, diluted

-4,8 Vol. %

-0,9 Vol. %

dilution ratio 5,7

flue gas temperature, undiluted 262 C

flue gas temperature, diluted 56 C



Dilution tunnel at TFZ


19/21

Open questions on filter test setup

Testing with/without flue gas dilution? (TFZ: both variants!)

-and Ruegg-type). similar air injection is required for dustsampling before filter (in parallel tests)

Method for flue gas dilution (e.g. partial flow dilution combined withfull flow dilution method?)

: ar a ow u on x : con ro e a r ra o a us e o

temperature requirements of


20/21

Conclusions

Several concepts or products for low cost ESP are currentlyavailable for small scale furnaces.

-

Cleaning and withdrawl of precipitated dust is often not

solutions are easier)

Still only few experimental data and long term experience areavailable

Internationally acceped testing procedures for ESPneed to be developed !




21/21

Thank youfor your attention !

www.tfz.bayern.de



10 hans hanew developments in small scale esp technology

Documents