10 residential broadband

8/2/2019 10 Residential Broadband

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Raj JainThe Ohio State University

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Residential BroadbandResidential Broadband(RBB)(RBB)

Raj Jain

Professor of Computer and Information Science

The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43210

[email protected]

http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/


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Service Aspects and ApplicationsService Aspects and Applications

(SAA)(SAA)

u Voice and Telephony over ATM (VTOA)

u Residential broadband services (RBB)u Audiovisual multimedia services (AMS) Phase 1: Video on

demand

u AMS Phase 2: Video conferencing

u ATM Name Service (ANS)u Native ATM Services (API)


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Residential Broadband (RBB)Residential Broadband (RBB)

u Also, Residential and Small Business Broadband (RSB) in

the marketing arm of ATM Forum

u High-speed access to homes

u RJ-11 like universal interface to devices

u Existing cable TV has the media but no switching

u Existing phone service has switching but not enoughbandwidth


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Potential ApplicationsPotential Applications

u Video on demand (VOD)

u Near video on demand (NVOD) - staggered starts

u Distance learning

u

Home shoppingu Telecommuting

u Teleconferencing

u Meter reading

u Security

u Telemedicine


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Residential Access NetworksResidential Access Networks

(RANs)(RANs)

HFC

FTTC

FTTH

ADSL

Opto-

Electric

Optical

Central

Office

Optical

Headend

Fiber Coax

Twisted pair

10-50

homes

100-500homes


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ADSLADSL

u Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

u Asymmetric upstream


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Very High Speed DSL (VDSL)Very High Speed DSL (VDSL)

u Up to 50 Mbps downstream, 5 Mbps upstream

u Up to 1500 m

u Larger bandwidth for shorter distances and vice versa

u

51.84 Mbps at 300 m, 25.92 at 1000 m, 12.96 at 1500 mu Reuse existing telephone twisted pair wiring

u Point-to-point topology Bandwidth not shared

u Co-exist with POTS or ISDN on the same pair

u Twisted pair EMI withstand legal 400W radiotransmissions at 10 m


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Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC)

u Reuse existing cable TV coax

u Replace trunks to neighborhoods by fibers

u 500 to 1200 homes per HFC link

u 45 Mbps downstream, 1.5 Mbps upstream

u MAC protocol required to share upstream bandwidth

u Several homes share the cable TV

u Sharing Security issues

u IEEE 802.14 is standardizing MAC and PHY

HeadendCoaxFiber


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HFC SpectrumHFC Spectrum

u Use 0-50 MHz for upstream, 50-450 MHz for analogbroadcasts, 450-750 MHz for downstream

u Can use phone, TV, and Internet simultaneously

u Low upstream band more noise

u

Broadband

frequency multiplexing

Each home tunesto its channel

u Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM-64) can give 27

Mbps over 6 MHz channel

Upstream

Video

Upstream

Telephony

Analog Broadcast

Video Digital Video

Downstream

Telephony

5-15 22-42 54-552 552-672 672-700


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Fiber to the Curb (FTTC)Fiber to the Curb (FTTC)

u Also known as switched digital video (SDV)

u Coax and twisted pair for the last 100-300 m

u Coax is used for analog video, TP is used for POTS

u Baseband No frequency multiplexing

u Passive optical network signal is optically broadcast to

several curbs Time division multiplexing

u Up to 50 Mbps downstream, Up to 20 Mbps upstreamu Co-exist with POTS or ISDN on the same cable pair

u Twisted pair EMI withstand legal 400W radiotransmissions at 10 m

HeadendDigital Terminal

Coax

or TP

Fiber


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FTTC MACFTTC MAC

u Downstream uses periodic frames

u Upstream should consist of fixed size slots containing oneATM cell

u One upstream slot per n downstream frames

u Some slots are reserved, others are for contention

u Contention slots are used by devices undergoing activation


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Cable ModemsCable Modems

u Modulate RF frequencies into cable

u Signal received at the headend and converted to optical

u Cost $395 to $995

u Internet access at 500 kbps to 4 Mbps

u If cable is still one-way, upstream path is through POTS

u $30 to $40 per month flat service charge

u Successful trials in Canada using 500 kbps modems

u After the trial 75% users decided keep the service and pay

u TCI formed @Home http://www.home.net

u Servers at headend to avoid Internet bottleneck

u Plans to create high-speed cable backbone across the US


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Fiber to the Home (FTTH)Fiber to the Home (FTTH)

u Fully optical No EMI

u Initially passive optical network

Time division multiplexing

u Upstream shared using a MAC

u 155 Mbps bi-directional

u Need new fiber installation


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Passive Optical Networks (PONs)Passive Optical Networks (PONs)

u Optical part of HFC, FTTC, FTTH

u Up to 10 km

u 150 Mbps or more downstreamu 50 Mbps or more upstream

u Downstream signal is broadcast to all NTs

u Downstream traffic has a destination address

u Upstream transmission is controlled by optical line terminal(OLT)

u Upstream bandwidth shared using a MAC

u Timing reference transmitted downstream

HeadendDigital Terminal

FiberNT


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Comparison of RANsComparison of RANs

Technology TypicalDownstreamRate

TypicalUpstreamRate

MaximumDistance

Homes PerOpticalUnit

HFC 45 MbpsShared 1.5 MbpsShared N/A 500

FTTC 25-50 Mbps 25-50 Mbps 100 m 10-50

FTTH 155 Mbps 155 Mbps N/A 10-200

ADSL 6 Mbps 640 kbps 4000 m 1,000

VDSL 13-50 Mbps 1.6-5 Mbps 2,000 m 100


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RBB Reference ConfigurationRBB Reference Configuration

Adaptor

TII

TE

ATM

Core Distri-

bution FinalDrop

ATM Access

NetworkNT

HomeATM

Network

ANI UNIxUNIy

UNIwUNIy

UNIy


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RBB CharterRBB Charter

u To define:

u Home UNI (HUNI)

u UNIx (where x = HFC, FTTC, FTTH, ADSL, ...)

u Support end-to-end ATM

u Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint VCs

u All TM4.0 services: CBR, VBR, ABR, UBR


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IEEE 802.14IEEE 802.14

u CATV MAC and PHY Protocol working group

u Started November 1994

u Defining PHY and MAC for 2-way HFC

u 17 MAC protocol proposals have been submitted

u Downstream PHY: 1-to-n broadcast

u Upstream PHY: n-to-1

u Up to 50 miles (80 km) 400 microsecond one-way

Cable

TV

Headend

Supertrunk=Fiber

Trunk=Coax


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IEEE 802.14 MAC RequirementsIEEE 802.14 MAC Requirements

u Support both connectionless and connection-oriented

services

u Support QoS

u Support CBR, VBR, ABR

u Support Unicast, multicast, broadcast services


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IEEE 802.14 PHYIEEE 802.14 PHY

u 500 homes as a reference design point

u Support sub-split (5-40 MHz upstream), mid-split (5-120MHz upstream), and high-split (800-1000 MHz upstream)

u Frequency reuse in upstream

u Decided to use Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

64 for downstream.

u QAM-64 gives 6 bits/Hz 30 Mbps on 6 MHz 27 Mbpsafter FEC

u Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) may be selected forupstream to sustain high noise 1.5 to 3 Mbps on 2 MHz

u Several upstream channels per downstream channel


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IEEE 802.14 Protocol StackIEEE 802.14 Protocol Stack

802.2

802.1

802.14Access

ATM

PHY

AAL

802.14Access

ATM

PHY

802.1

802.2

ATM Friendly All ATM


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IEEE 802.14 IssuesIEEE 802.14 Issues

u ATM based?

u Which forward error correction algorithm?

u Size of slots?

u Upstream sharing requires ranging of homes. How precise?

u Security and encryption

u Error handling by MAC

u Station addressing


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Home ATM Network (HAN)Home ATM Network (HAN)

HomeATM

Network

NT

NTNetwork

A


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Home ATM NetworkHome ATM Network

u Allow intra-home device communications

u Access network not required for intra-homecommunications

u 20-50 Mbps, symmetric, full-duplex

u Reach of 50 m

u At least 128 addressable devices

u Position independent operation

u Allow firewall between HAN and access network


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Acronyms: RBBAcronyms: RBB

u ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

u ANI Access Network Interface

u CATV Cable TV

u EMI Electromagnetic Interference

u FTTC Fiber to the curb

u FTTH Fiber to the home

u HAN Home ATM Network

u HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax

u NT Network termination

u ONU Optical network unit


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u STB Set top box

u TII Technology independent interface

u VDSL Very high speed digital subscriber line

u VOD Video on demand


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References: RBBReferences: RBB

u L. Wojnarowski, "Baseline text for the Residential

Broadband Working Group," ATM Forum/95-1416R3, June1996.

u L. Wojnarowski, "Requirements/Criteria for Residential

Broadband," ATM Forum/95-1397R5, June 1996.u T. Kwok, "A vision for Residential Broadband Services:

ATM to the Home," IEEE Network, September/October

1995, pp. 14-28.

u

M. Laubach, "To Foster Residential Area BroadbandInternet Technology," ConneXion, December 1995, pp. 18-

30.


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u D. Zgodzinski, "The Cable Chase," Internet World, June

1996, pp. 63-66.

u "Cable Modems Frequently Asked Questions,"

http://www.cox.com/modemfaq.html


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References: IEEE 802.14References: IEEE 802.14

u IEEE 802.14 working group,

http://www.com21.com/pages/ieee-802.14.html

u IEEE 802.14 WG, "Cable-TV Functional Requirements and

Evaluation Criteria," IEEE 802.14/94-002R2, February

1995.

10 residential broadband

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