#10 The use of conjunctions

These are the conjunctions from Grammar Rock…

they hook up EQUAL parts (words, phrases,

clauses). They are the conjunctions we refer to as

the FANBOYS.

#10 COORDinating conjunctions

-------------CONJUNCTION WRITING TIPS AND SUGGESTIONS----------

The mistake kids often make with regards to FANBOYS use is comma placement. It is NOT a rule to always place a comma before “and”, which is the most common of the FANBOYS.

Commas do go before the and when:

Using a list of three or more

Ex. Bob, Jack, and Phil

I went running, skiing, and swimming last week.

When connecting two independent clauses (two sentences)

Ex. John did all of his homework, but Sue did none of hers.

Today had the most pleasant weather, yet tomorrow it calls for rain.

#10 FANBOYS

#10 ADVERBIAL CONJUNCTIONSAdverbial Conjunctions- join complete thoughts (like

the FANBOYS) but go further by articulating relationship between ideas/sentences

Ex. I like chocolate; he likes vanilla. add an AC, to clarify relationship

Ex. I spent all of my money; I can’t go to the movies.

#10 HOTSHOTCAT• ; however, = nevertheless/ in contrast• ; otherwise, = alternatively• ; therefore, = for that reason• ; similarly, = in the same way• ; hence, = same as therefore• ; on the other hand, = contrast• ; then, = next• ; consequently, = as a result• ; also, = in addition to• ; thus, = as a result

Additional adverbial conjunctions include:

accordingly, besides, finally, for example,furthermore, in fact, instead, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, now, and soon.

#10 HOTSHOTCAT

Best used after a semi-colon (when separating sentences) and followed by a comma.

The use of AC’s allows a writer to create “a flow” within a paragraph.

#10 HOTSHOTCAT

#10 – an 8th grade reviewWhat is a subordinate conjunction… what does “subordinate” mean?

How many of the subordinate conjunctions can you list?

What makes a clause a clause? What differentiates an independent and dependent clause?

What is the structure of “IC plus DC” called? How are the various ways it’s punctuated?

Stylistically, why would you choose to use these?

#10 subordinating conjunctions and dependent clauses

• A subordinating conjunction (SC) subordinates a

clause (makes it less important) then joins it with

an independent clause.

• Dependent clauses can often be identified by the use the most common subordinate conjunctions.

as

although

after

when(ever)

while

whether

until

unless

because

before

if

since

#10 AAAWWWUUBBIS

#10 subordinating conjunctions and dependent clauses

• All clauses contain a subject and a verb. Some are

independent (can stand alone) while some are

dependent (express an incomplete thought –aka

fragment).

#10 Fragment Mistakes

While we as 9th graders do not create elementary level fragments, the misunderstanding of subordinating conjunctions does cause errors to be made.

Ex. Provided the teacher scored the essays.Although he had been a decorated soldier during World War

II and had fought many battles for the losing cause of liberalism in Congress.

Since the beginning of time and because individuals tend to demonstrate selfish tendencies.

#10 subordinating conjunctions and dependent clauses

• When used/joined together, they create a complex

sentence. Depending on how they are joined,

punctuation varies.

#10 DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• Dependent clauses may appear at the beginning, middle, or end of a

sentence… which can lead to punctuation mistakes.

#10 DEPENDENT Clause

• Where would you place the comma in the following example?

Since it was raining we decided to go to the movies.

#10 DEPENDENT Clause

• Where would you place the comma in the following example?

SC S V Since it was raining, we decided to go to the movies.

RULE: When a dependent clause is placed at the beginning of a sentence, place a comma between the independent clause and the dependent clause.

#10 Dependent clause• Where would you place the comma in the following

example? We decided to go to the movies because we were bored.

#10 Dependent clause• Where would you place the comma in the following

example? S V SCWe decided to go to the movies because we were bored.

RULE: When a dependent clause is located after an independent clause, DO NOT place a comma between the two.

#10 DEPENDENT CLAUSE

Where would you place the comma in the following example?

Jerry felt since he was old enough he would see the

scary movie.

#10 DEPENDENT CLAUSE

Where would you place the comma in the following example?

S V SCJerry felt, since he was old enough, he would see

the scary movie.

RULE: When a dependent clause is located inside an independent clause, place commas around it.

#10 DEPENDENT CLAUSES• Dependent clauses added to independent

clauses in order to help to clarify and/or add

detail –create conditions.

• Stylistically, this creates sentence variety –a

complex sentence (think simple, compound, and

complex)

• Create “sophisticated” transitions.

#10 DEPENDENT CLAUSES

The use of a DC, IC serves as an example of a sophisticated transition between paragraphs in your writing.

Which sounds better?

The next reason the book should stay on the summer reading list is its relatable characters.

While the historical context provides a unique perspective, the characters are also relatable.