100 million subscriber performance test whitepaper
TRANSCRIPT
An Oracle White Paper
April 2011
100 Million Subscriber Performance Test Whitepaper:
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management 7.4 and Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8
Oracle Communications BRM 7.4 and Oracle Exadata X2-8 100 Million Subscriber Performance Test White Paper
Disclaimer
The following is intended to outline our general product performance and throughput. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver
any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The
development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle‟s products remains at
the sole discretion of Oracle.
Oracle Communications BRM 7.4 and Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 100 Million Subscriber Performance Test White Paper
Executive Overview ........................................................................... 2
Introduction ....................................................................................... 2
Project Goals ..................................................................................... 5
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 Configuration ............... 12
BRM Server Configuration ........................................................... 12
Network Configuration ................................................................. 13
Operating System Configuration .................................................. 14
BRM Schema Layout ................................................................... 14
Performance Test Results ............................................................... 15
Rating and Discounting Results ................................................... 15
Billing and Invoicing Results ........................................................ 16
CSR Results ................................................................................ 17
Conclusion ...................................................................................... 19
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Executive Overview
Given the explosive growth in broadband, mobile and machine-to-machine communications
traffic, the need for cost-effective, high-throughput, highly-available, and scalable billing
solutions is increasingly apparent. In February 2011, the Oracle Communications Global
Business Unit (CGBU) Performance Group conducted a performance test to demonstrate the
performance and scalability of Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management
(BRM) with an Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 for a 100 million subscriber base.
In this performance test, in which multiple workloads were tested, Oracle achieved the best
ever throughput performance for Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management.
One hundred million subscribers were modeled in two Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)
nodes. Throughput rates, normalized under a per database schema basis, proved superior to
those achieved in all prior performance tests.
Introduction
This document presents the results from a large scale Oracle Communications Billing and
Revenue Management performance test performed in February 2011 at the Oracle Solutions
Center in Menlo Park, California. This performance test was performed on Oracle
Communications BRM 7.4 – the industry’s leading convergent billing and revenue
management platform – and on the latest Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8.
The performance test was conducted for a 100 million subscriber base, created using a
standard Oracle Communications BRM GSM performance test price plan. The main workloads
were:
Rating and discounting
Billing with deferred taxation
Detailed invoicing
CSR activities
The throughput results reported in the document reflect either the number of operations
executed for each workload given in a fixed execution time, or the observed rate of execution
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against a fixed number of subscribers. The 100 million subscribers were evenly distributed into
eight BRM schemas. The full rack Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 was running
Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 and Oracle Database 11g Release 2. The Oracle Communications
BRM tier ran on Oracle’s Sun Fire X4270 M2 servers running Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.
Results Summary
TABLE 1. PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS SUMMARY
RATING AND DISCOUNTING
TOTAL SUBSCRIBERS SUBSCRIBERS PER RAC NODE TOTAL THROUGHPUT
(CDRS PER SECOND)
THROUGHPUT PER SCHEMA
(CDRS PER SECOND)
100 million 50 million 50,125 6,266
BILLING
TOTAL SUBSCRIBERS SUBSCRIBERS PER RAC NODE TOTAL THROUGHPUT
(BILLS PER SECOND)
THROUGHPUT PER SCHEMA
(BILLS PER SECOND)
100 million 50 million 2,567 321
INVOICING
TOTAL SUBSCRIBERS SUBSCRIBERS PER RAC NODE TOTAL THROUGHPUT
(INVOICES PER SECOND)
THROUGHPUT PER SCHEMA
(INVOICES PER SECOND)
100 million 50 million 4,670 584
CSR ACTIVITY
OPERATIONS PER
SECOND
OPERATIONS PER SCHEMA LATENCY(MS)
41,580 5,198 10
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Key Takeaways
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management 7.4 with Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 together have demonstrated unprecedented performance levels and the ability to satisfy the needs of the most demanding Tier 1 service providers.
The performance test results demonstrate that:
Oracle Communications BRM 7.4 with Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 is able to process more than 50,000 operations/sec; operators using this technology can process 2 billion CDRs in less than 12 hours.
Billing achieved processing speeds of 2,500 subscribers/sec; operators using this technology can complete a bill run for 100 million subscribers in less than 12 hours.
Each Oracle Exadata Database Machine RAC node is able to support at least 50 million subscribers. This reflects an approximate 10x reduction in database server CPU requirements.
Oracle Communications BRM with Exadata can greatly simplify production deployments at a fraction of the cost of traditional technology. Within the confines of this test, one Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 replaced 48 conventional x86 servers and 10TB of SAN storage.
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Project Goals
The primary goal of the performance test was to measure the performance of the industry-leading
convergent billing and revenue management platform, Oracle Communications BRM 7.4, on the latest
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 in a multi-schema configuration. The BRM Rated Event
Loader (REL) feature was run to measure the rating and loading performance of batched CDRs for
GSM types of services. The main performance goals of this performance test were to measure batch
rating and discounting, billing and invoicing results under realistic workloads. Another goal was to
determine Oracle Communications BRM, Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 and Oracle RAC
scalability over a multi-node DB configuration. The results of this performance test provide the
technical data necessary to transfer performance capacity planning information to the Oracle field
(professional services and sales organizations), system integrators, and partners for Oracle‟s Sun
platform.
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Application and Hardware Overview
The following section provides a brief description of the applications and hardware systems that
comprised this performance test.
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management
The Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management architecture provides the foundation
for the end-to-end Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management solution. Functionality is
segregated into layers using well-defined interfaces, enabling each to be modified and enhanced
without disruption of functionality at the platform level.
At the same time, this design enables the platform to evolve without adverse effects on functional
capabilities. As a result, Oracle is able to develop and advance Oracle Communications Billing and
Revenue Management‟s capabilities rapidly while enabling service providers to easily extend the system
to meet their unique business requirements.
Figure 1. Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management architecture
The Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management platform utilizes a modern n-tier
architecture, which is typically deployed with the following three-tier configuration:
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The Applications Tier
The applications tier consists of programs and processes that use the object-oriented API as an
interface to the Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management system. This tier includes
the Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management client applications such as Customer
Center, Pricing Center, and other native as well as third-party applications developed by customers and
partners using the same documented API. All enterprise as well as network applications can integrate
and interact with the Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management system through the
applications tier.
BRM Server Tier
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management server tier consists of three components:
the Real-Time Revenue Management Server, the Batch Processing Server, and the Object Server.
The Real-Time Engine enforces business policies. It consists of Connection Managers (CMs) and
discount, rerating, zoning, and facilities modules. The CMs manage connections between the
application tier and the functional modules, process data collected by Oracle Communications Billing
and Revenue Management client applications, and enforce the business rules. This architecture allows
easy customization of the Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management system to meet
unique business requirements.
The Batch Processing Engine is optimized to handle large volumes of transactions (e.g. hundreds of
millions of transactions per day) in terms of preprocessing, enrichment, duplicate checking,
aggregation, and rating - among other functions.
The Object Server provides an abstraction of the stored data. This layer consists of Data Managers
(DMs) that translate requests from CMs into a language recognized by the Oracle Communications
Billing and Revenue Management database or other data access systems. The Oracle Communications
Billing and Revenue Management system provides separate DMs for each supported database. In
addition, there are DMs for other external systems, such as the credit card processing service provided
by the Payment Managers.
The Data Tier
The data tier consists of Oracle Database and other data access systems. The Oracle Communications
Billing and Revenue Management application currently supports Oracle Database Enterprise Edition as
well as Oracle RAC as the primary database system. Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue
Management is also pre-integrated with other data access systems in this tier; for example, credit card
processing, LDAP and taxation systems.
Scalability
The Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management application achieves high scalability in
several ways. First, its multi-tier architecture is designed to run all Billing and Revenue Management
processes on the same computer or distributed among several computers. Distributed processing
allows for maximum flexibility and optimal load distribution for configuring an Oracle
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Communications Billing and Revenue Management system as the number of users expands. As a
result, service providers can add as many servers as required in the application, Oracle
Communications Billing and Revenue Management server, and data tiers.
Figure 2. Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management scalability architecture
A second factor that contributes to the high scalability of Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue
Management is the combination of transactional real-time and near real-time batch processing that
utilizes a multi-threaded, pipelined architecture and in-memory processing. Integrated support for both
types of rating makes extremely high performance possible.
To further improve scalability, Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management lets
providers easily balance load processing by reconfiguring client and database connections. This enables
providers to smooth out usage spikes at the front-end and avoid bottlenecks at the database level.
Finally, transaction management functions have been built into the object layer, enabling Oracle
Communications Billing and Revenue Management to fully scale and take advantage of the underlying
hardware. Without this capability, load balancing would be limited beyond a certain transaction level.
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8
Oracle Exadata Database Machine provides an optimal solution for all database workloads, ranging
from scan-intensive data warehouse applications to highly concurrent online transaction processing
(OLTP) applications. With its combination of smart Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software, complete
and intelligent Oracle Database software, and the latest industry-standard hardware components,
Oracle Exadata Database Machine delivers extreme performance in a highly-available, highly-secure
environment.
Extreme Performance for Online Transaction Processing, Data Warehousing and Consolidating Mixed Workloads
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The Oracle Exadata Database Machine is an easy-to-deploy, out-of-the-box solution for hosting the
Oracle Database. By engineering its hardware and software together, Oracle has eliminated much of
the integration effort, cost and effort of database deployment.
The system can be deployed for OLTP, data warehousing, or mixed application workloads, lets service
providers consolidate multiple computing environments in the data center, and delivers unparalleled
performance.
The unique technology driving the performance advantages of the Exadata Database Machine is the
Oracle Exadata Storage Server. By pushing SQL processing to the Exadata Storage Server all the disks
can operate in parallel, reducing database server CPU consumption while using much less bandwidth
to move data between storage and database servers. As data volumes continue to grow exponentially,
conventional storage arrays struggle to efficiently process terabytes of data, and push that data through
storage networks to achieve the performance necessary for demanding database applications. Exadata
Storage Servers provide a high-bandwidth, massively parallel solution delivering up to 75 GB per
second of raw I/O bandwidth and up to 1,500,000 I/O operations per second (IOPS). Much of these
performance gains come from the incorporation of Exadata Smart Flash Cache in each Exadata
Storage Server and the Oracle Databases‟ storage hierarchy. With 14 Exadata Storage Servers in a 42U
Rack, 5.3 TB of Exadata Smart Flash Cache is integrated into theExadata Database Machine X2-8.
In addition, Exadata Database Machine is the world's most secure database system. Building on the
high security capabilities in every Oracle Database, Exadata Database Machine provides the ability to
query fully encrypted databases with virtually no overhead at hundreds of gigabytes per second. This is
done by moving decryption processing from software into the Exadata Storage Server hardware.
Figure 3. The Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8
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Extreme Scalability
The Exadata Database Machine X2-8 is a full rack system with 2 database servers and 14 Exadata
Storage Servers. Each database server comes with 64 Intel CPU cores (8 x 8-core Intel® Xeon®
X7560 processors) and 1 TB of memory. It is available with either 600 GB High Performance
SAS disks or 2 TB High Capacity SAS disks.
While an Exadata Database Machine X2-8 rack is an extremely powerful system, a building-block
approach is used that allows Exadata Database Machine X2-8 to scale to almost any size. Exadata
Database Machine X2-8 racks can be connected using the integrated InfiniBand fabric. As new
racks of Exadata Database Machines are incrementally added to a system, the storage capacity and
performance of the system grow. A system composed of two Exadata Database Machines X2-8
racks is simply twice as powerful as a single rack system providing double the I/O throughput and
double the storage capacity. It can be run in single system image mode or logically partitioned for
consolidation of multiple databases. Scaling out is easy with Exadata Database Machine. Oracle
RAC can dynamically add more processing power and Automatic Storage Management (ASM) can
dynamically rebalance the data across Exadata Storage Servers to fully utilize all the hardware in
each configuration.
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Performance Testing Environment
This section describes the system architecture and configuration environment for the Oracle
Communications Billing and Revenue Management and Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8
performance test.
Hardware Configuration
The system layout is displayed below:
Figure 4. System layout for BRM and Exadata X2-8 performance test
BRM Servers
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The system layout consisted of:
1 x full rack Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8, used as Oracle database and storage servers
17 x Sun Fire X4270 M2 servers used as BRM application servers
2 x Cisco Gigabit Switches
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 Configuration
The full rack Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 contained the Exadata Database Server, the
Exadata Storage Server, and the InfiniBand Network.
The Exadata Database Server consisted of two Sun Fire X4800 servers to form a 2-node Oracle RAC;
each server was configured with:
8 x 8-core Intel X7560 CPUs @ 2.27GHz, total 64 cores, 128 threads
1 TB RAM
6 x Gigabit Ethernet ports bonded together, connected to the public/performance test network
The Exadata Storage Server consisted of 14 Sun Fire X4270 M2 storage servers; each server was configured with:
2 x 6-core Intel L5640 CPUs @ 2.27GHz, total 12 cores, 24 threads
24 GB RAM
12 x 600 GB HP (High Performance) disks.
386 GB flash storage
There were a total of 168 disks from the 14 storage servers. Three logical devices were carved out of
each disk, one for the DBFS ASM Disk Group, one for the DATA ASM Disk Group, one for the
RECO ASM Disk Group. This way every disk group was spread across all disks. All three disk groups
were created with normal redundancy (one mirror copy). The BRM DB was initially created on the
DATA Disk Group.
There was a total of 5.3 TB of flash storage across 14 storage servers. A 2 TB Flash Disk Group was
created with normal redundancy, leaving 1.3 TB of flash for regular I/O to disks. The Flash Disk
Group was used to offload the intensive I/O to BRM DB.
BRM Server Configuration
Seventeen Sun Fire X4270 M2s were used for the BRM applications. Each server consisted of:
2 x 6-core Intel X5680 CPUs @ 3.33GHz; totaling 12 cores, 24 threads
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96 GB RAM
4 x Gigabit Ethernet ports
6 x 300 GB 15K RPM SAS disk drives
The 4 x Gigabit Ethernet ports were configured as:
2 x Gigabit Ethernet ports bonded together, connected to the public/performance test network
2 x Gigabit Ethernet ports bonded together, connected to the BRM private network for batch workloads
The 6 x 300 GB 15K RPM SAS disk drives were configured as:
1 boot disk
2 disks striped together to hold the BRM software and batch REL interim directory
3 disks striped together to hold the Batch Rating pipeline input/output directory
Even though the network and disks on the 17 servers were configured symmetrically, as the servers
served different purposes, not all the components were used on each server, e.g., the Batch Rating
pipeline input/output directory was used only on the Batch Router server and the eight servers running
Batch Rating + REL.
The 17 Sun Fire X4270 M2s were configured in the following manner for the BRM workloads - batch,
billing, and invoicing:
Server 1: Batch Router, Test Driver
Server 2-9: 8 x (Batch Rating + REL), 8 x BRM Server
Server 10-17: 8 x BRM Server
Each BRM workload was evaluated in isolation and the systems were configured accordingly. One
instance of BRM Server is defined as 2 CMs, 2 RTPs, 1 DM Oracle, 1 EAI JS, 1 DM IFW SYNC
processes.
Servers 2-9 each had 1 NFS export from the Batch Rating pipeline input directory. The Batch Router
process on Server 1 used these eight NFS mounts to distribute files for the eight Batch Rating
instances to process. The NFS ran on the BRM private network for Batch workloads, to minimize
network contention and overhead.
Network Configuration
The 2 RAC nodes from Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 and all 17 app servers were connected
via a Gigabit switch to form the public/performance test network. Communication among Batch
Router and Batch Rating instances was separated to a private Gigabit network. Jumbo Frame was
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enabled on all NICs and switches. NIC bonding (EtherChannel) was used on the Gibabit NICs to
increase network bandwidth.
Operating System Configuration
All 17 BRM servers were installed with Oracle Enterprise Linux 5
The two RAC nodes were running Oracle Enterprise Linux 5
The 14 storage servers were running Oracle Enterprise Linux 5
BRM Schema Layout
The 100 million subscriber base was divided into 8 schemas, 12.5M per schema. The schema size was
determined based on physical memory available for one Batch Pipeline instance, startup time of such
instance and size of BRM table/index partitions.
Since the Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 had two large RAC nodes, each node hosted four
schemas. For better connection isolation, eight services were created for the eight schemas so there
was a one-to-one mapping.
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Performance Test Results
Plan Type
The mobile price plan used in this 100 million subscriber performance test is a standard configuration
used by Oracle Communications performance engineering. The performance test comprised a mobile
price plan that is representative of real world customer cases.
The plan comprised two services, a GSM telephony service and an SMS service (internal plan name is
BenchTelcoGSMD). The telephony service was a standard voice service with caller ID, call waiting
and voice mail. The price plan utilized two resources, Euros and free minutes. It charged 50 Euros per
month for telephony and SMS, with 10,000 free minutes for telephony. The GSM tariff model used 15
different impact categories and had 21 rate plan configuration entries. Each call detailed record (CDR)
created three balance impacts: two in Euros and one in free minutes.
During billing, every account that was billed had two cycle fees and one fold was generated. [A fold is a
special event that usually occurs at the end of the accounting cycle. A fold can be configured to either
change a resource balance (currency or non-currency) to zero or convert the resource balance into
other resources].
In the GSM batch rating tests, performance was measured for and „end-to-end‟ system. Each step of
the „end-to-end‟ system included CDR file routing, rating and discounting, and database updates using
REL.
The results are expressed in terms of operations per second. For all test cases, runs are only reported
when there were no error messages in any log files (operating system, database system, BRM Server)
during the performance test run. Billing had the added requirement that the execution against a fixed
number of accounts must have successfully completed.
Rating and Discounting Results The rating and discounting workload performs evaluations of service usage and associated rating and discounting. This involves processing of CDR files and updating of subscriber balances i.e., “end-to-end” CDR file processing.
Every run processed 50 files of 800,000 CDRs, for a total of 40 million CDRs. The more schemas the bigger input files for Router.
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Components Overall
CDRs/sec
Batch Rating
CDRs/sec
REL CDRs/sec
App1 % Util
DB % Util
Memory
(KB)
Router, 8 Batch Rating + REL, 8 schemas
Router 62208 16/0 40497096
Batch Rating 1 6775 7763 7528 23/0/0 44/6/0 44504184
Batch Rating 2 6858 7788 7620 23/0/0 43/6/0 44554324
Batch Rating 3 6747 7763 7497 23/0/0 44/6/0 44439200
Batch Rating 4 6839 7751 7599 23/0/0 43/6/0 44662928
Batch Rating 5 6784 7763 7538 23/0/0 44/6/0 44658364
Batch Rating 6 6858 7763 7620 23/0/0 43/6/0 44623732
Batch Rating 7 6775 7751 7528 23/0/0 44/6/0 44515148
Batch Rating 8 6811 7763 7568 23/0/0 43/6/0 44298860
End-to-End 50125
Table 2. Rating and Discounting Results
Billing and Invoicing Results
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management billing is used to generate a bill for a given
subscriber account on a cyclical or on-demand basis. The generation of the bill is dependent on the
billing cycle of the account—monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, or annually. To generate a
bill for a given customer account, a setup of applications is run that finalizes the bill for a given period.
Billing was evaluated as a key workload during this performance test analysis. Following are the billing
results:
42 backends per DM_Oracle, 2 DM_Oracle per BRM schema.
88 children for billing, 88 children for detailed invoicing per schema.
100,000 accounts billed/invoiced per schema.
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Workload ops/sec App1
% Util App2 % Util
DB1 % Util
# events /account
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 1
319.49 40/11 40/11 32/11/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 2
321.54 39/10 40/11 31/10/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 3
319.49 39/10 40/11 32/11/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 4
320.51 40/11 40/11 31/10/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 5
320.51 40/11 40/11 32/11/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 6
321.54 39/10 40/11 31/10/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 7
322.58 39/10 39/10 32/11/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation 8
321.54 40/11 40/11 31/10/0 100
Billing w/ Deferred Taxation Summary
2567.2
Invoice_DETAILED 574.71 18/4 19/5 17/6/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 578.03 16/4 19/5 14/6/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 578.03 13/3 19/5 17/6/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 602.41 19/5 20/5 15/6/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 609.76 14/4 20/5 15/7/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 574.71 17/4 18/5 17/6/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 578.03 28/7 18/8 25/8/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED 574.71 32/9 19/5 26/9/0 100
Invoice_DETAILED Summary
4670.4
Table 3 Detailed Billing and Invoicing Results
CSR Results
In addition to the rating and discounting, billing and invoicing tests, a standard test call CSR-select was
also run to measure the real-time performance of a typical mix of customer service representative
(CSR) tasks.
Actual BRM administrative tools were traced while performing typical operations of a CSR, and sets of
operations were grouped together to represent typical interactions with customers. Detailed
distributions of the operations are based on real-world data from our large customers.
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CSR-Select was run with 640 driver threads
Test Ops/sec Resp. time DB1 % Util DB2 % Util APP % Util
CUSTOMER SERVICE
CSR-select 41579.7 15ms 19/22/0 11/6/0 12/9
Table 4. CSR Activity Results
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Conclusion
The results achieved with Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management 7.4 and the
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 performing a 100-million-subscriber workload demonstrate
unprecedented performance, scalability and low total cost of ownership. The results demonstrate
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue Management‟s ability to handle the most stringent
workload requirements of Tier 1 service providers while substantially reducing the costs associated
with typical deployments.
Results demonstrate:
Performance of complex rating and discounting of over 50,000 operations/sec, resulting in the
ability to process over 2 billion CDRs in a single 12 hour business day.
The ability to perform complex billing with taxation for over 2,500 subscribers/sec, the equivalent
to processing a bill run for 100 million subscribers in just over 11 hours.
An approximate 10x capacity increase in supported subscribers per Oracle RAC node (up to 50
million subscribers) with Oracle Exadata Database Machine.
A significant reduction in hardware requirements for Oracle Communications BRM production
deployments, as one Oracle Exadata Database Machine replaces the equivalent of 48 conventional
x86 servers and 10 TB of external SAN storage (as compared to previous Oracle Communications
BRM performance tests).
Oracle Communications Billing and Revenue
Management 7.4 and Oracle Exadata X2-8 100
Million Subscriber Performance Performance
Test Whitepaper
April 2011
Author: CGBU Performance Group
Oracle Corporation
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