10/15/2012 alec fisher quasars (quasi-stellar radio sources)
TRANSCRIPT
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10/15/2012
Alec Fisher
QUASARS(QUASI-STELLAR RADIO SOURCES)
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INTRODUCTION• What are they?
• How were they discovered, and by whom?
• How do they work?
• What do they say about our Universe?
(2) Artists Rendition of a Quasar
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THE DISCOVERY• The late 1950’s
• Radio Telescopes
• Lovell Telescope
• No objects could
be found to match
radio signatures
(3) The Dwingeloo Radio Telescope
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3C 48 - 1960
• First of these faint
radio sources to have
an object with it
• Many unknown
emission lines
• Astronomer John
Bolton said Red-Shifted
(4) Quasar 3C 48 viewed in the Radio Spectrum
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3C 273 - 1962• Object was expected to make 5 occultations with the moon
• Astronomers Cyril Hazard and John Bolton use Parkes Radio Telescope
• Maarten Schmidt uses 200 inch Hale to obtain optical spectrum
• Shifted Hydrogen
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(5)Spectral lines becoming progressively more redshifted
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• What does this huge redshift imply for quasars?• 3C 48 red shifted .378 and Quasars have been found with redshift as high as z=7• Very far away• Farthest Quasar away is 12.9 Billion light years• Hubble’s Law
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WHY SO LUMINOUS?• 3C 273 has an absolute magnitude of -26.7 and 4 trillion times brighter than the sun.
• Most luminous objects in the known universe
• Appear as point sources, like stars, as opposed to extended sources, such as galaxies
• Unknown form of antimatter
• White holes
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WHAT EXACTLY ARE THESE OBJECTS?• Accretion disk models were successfully completed in the 1970s
• The energy emitted in relativity jets would explain why Quasars are so luminous
• Can convert 10% of mass into energy, as opposed to p-p chain nuclear fusion.
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ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS!• Quasi-stellar objects are the active nuclei inside
newly formed galaxies.
• Accretion disk on the supermassive black hole in the nucleus.
• Periods of growth for the black hole.
(6) An artists drawing of a Quasar and a Blazar
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WHY AREN’T ALL GALAXIES QUASARS?
• Need to consume at least 10 solar masses
• Most Luminous consume 600 Earths a minute
• Become normal galaxies after material is exhausted.
(9) What we think the milky way galaxy looks like
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HOW DOES THIS KNOWLEDGE HELP US?• Objects appear to us how they did at the beginning of the universe.
• Lets us see how galaxies act at the beginning of their creation.
• Proved Einstein’s theory of General Relativity.
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(10) Curvature of Space-Time
(11) Twin Quasar that proves Einstein’s Theory
(12) The Einstein Cross
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CONCLUSION• Quasars are active galactic nuclei that are extremely bright and distance, making them useful
reference points in establishing a measurement grid on the night sky.
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REFERENCES• (1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#History_of_observation
• (2)http://www.google.com/imgres?q=quasar&num=10&um=1&hl=en&biw=1600&bih=775&tbm=isch&tbnid=9HdPRtqY0sGyaM:&imgrefurl
• (3)http://www.flickr.com/photos/59371508@N07/galleries/72157628248518759/
• (4)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_48
• (5) http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age14-16/Astronomy/text/Red_shift/index.html
• (6)http://astronomycentral.co.uk/most-distant-quasar-discovered/
• (7)http://www.astronomy.com/en/News-Observing/Ask%20Astro/2011/01/Blazar%20vs,-d-,%20quasar.aspx
• (8)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole
• (9)http://www.astronomy-blog.com/blogs/permalinks/8-2006/hidden-milky-way-deuterium-found.html
• (10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens
• (11)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_QSO
• (12)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_Cross