10/28 focus 10/28 focus – conflicts during the warring states period at the end of the zhou...
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• 10/28 Focus10/28 Focus– Conflicts during the Warring States Period
at the end of the Zhou Dynasty led many people to question the nature of society and people’s role in it.
– The effort to make sense of the chaos led to the creation of new Chinese philosophies
• Do Now: Do Now: – Describe one effect that the Silk Roads
had on ancient China
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Major Philosophies of China
ConfucianismLegalismTaoism
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The Warring States Period
• Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty– Led to period of
upheaval and chaos– People began to think
about the best way to restore:
• Social order• Harmony • Respect for authority
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Confucius
• 551 BC- 479 BC• Known as Kongfuzi• Chinese teacher and
philosopher– Philosopher
• A person who offers theories or ideas on “big questions”
• Developed a theory of how to establish stability in China
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Confucianism
• Confucius believed that:– People are naturally good
• People should treat each other humanely
– Importance of education in creating good, stable government
• Need for educated civil servants
– Individual must find and accept their proper place in society
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Confucianism
• Believed society should be organized around five basic relationships o Ruler -----Subjecto Father-----Sono Husband----Wifeo Older Brother----Younger Brothero Friend----Friend
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The Five Relationship
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The Five Relationships• Example:
– Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living
– Subjects should be loyal and law abiding
• Stressed importance of:– Family – Filial PietyFilial Piety
• Children should respect their parents and elders
– Worship ancestors– Patriarchal society– Education
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Li --> Rite, rules, how you should act in a community
Ren --> humaneness for others; helping others
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy
Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.
Yi --> Righteousness and morality
Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your parents and elders)
Major Principles of Confucianism
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The Analects
• Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society
• Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams and bureaucracy – Government workers
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Significance of Confucianism
• Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture– Adopted by most
Chinese
• preserved patriarchal society
• Spread to areas that were under China’s control or influence– Korea and Vietnam
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Closure
• What is Filial Piety?• What impact did Confucianism
have on China?
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Filial Piety
•The Master [i.e. Confucius] said, “In serving his parents the filial son is as reverent as possible to them while they are living. In taking care of them he does so with all possible joy; when they are sick he is extremely anxious about them; when he buries them he is stricken with grief; when he sacrifices to them he does so with the utmost solemnity. These five [duties] being discharged in full measure, then he has been able [truly] to serve his parents.”
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• 10/30 Focus:– The Qin adopted the philosophy of
legalism and used it to maintain strict control of the Chinese population
– Lao Tzu encouraged people to seek a balance with nature by following the Taoist philosophy
• Do Now: – Filial Piety was one of Confucius’s
main teachings . What is filial piety?
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Legalism
• Founded by Han Feizi – Lived during the
Warring States period
• Became the political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty
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Principles of Legalism
• Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil
• Rulers needed to be strong and govern through force
• Laws must be strict and based on rewards and punishments to maintain order– Supported harsh
penalties• Branding and mutilation
for minor crimes
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Principles of Legalism
• Placed little value on education – should be controlled by government
• Ideas needed to be strictly controlled– Rulers should burn all writings that are
critical of the government
• War is needed to strengthen the rulers power
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Daoism
• Founded by Lao Zi • Began during the
Warring States Period
• Stressed importance of balance in nature– Yin – Yang
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Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong Heaven; Sun
Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth; Moon
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Daoism
• “The Way”– The Tao
• A universal life force that is present in nature
• Guides all things
– Human understanding of nature and harmony achieved by following “the way ”
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Daoism
• Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony– Natural flow of events would solve
problems
• Rely on senses and instincts • Stressed importance of individuals
and less government
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How do we best achieve social order and harmony in society??
Confucianism --> Moral order in society.
Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.
Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.
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ClosureClosure
• How was Legalism used by the Qin to control the people of China?
• What role does balance play in the Daoist teachings?
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• 10/31 Focus:– China’s river valley civilizations laid
the foundations of Chinese culture. Important Chinese philosophies , Confucianism, legalism, and Taoism developed.
• Do Now: – Identify one difference between
legalism and Confucianism
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China ReviewChina Review• What are two natural barriers that influenced the
development of civilization in China? • Identify one effect these barriers had on China
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China ReviewChina Review• What is this structure • What does it tell us about the
Chinese view of the outside world?
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China ReviewChina Review
• What trade route is shown in this map? • What impact did it have on China?
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China ReviewChina Review
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China ReviewChina Review• Explain the process that is
shown in this image?
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China ReviewChina Review
Zhou Dynasty Shang Dynasty
Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty
Warring States Period
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China ReviewChina Review
Han Feizi
Lao Tzu
Confucius
The Han Feizi
The Analects The Way of Virtue
Developed during warring states period
The Five Relationships
Ways to establish order in society
Seek a balance with nature
“The Way”
Placed high value on education rather than punishment
Harsh penalties for breaking laws
Filial Piety
Strict control of education and free thinking
Placed little value on education