10/28/97 1

ATM and ADSL for High Speed ATM and ADSL for High Speed Internet AccessInternet Access

Luis Rodrigues (luis.rodrigues@itu.int)

ITU - International Telecommunication Union

IBC Asia Conference on

“High Speed Internet Infrastructure ‘97” Singapore, Sydney

November 1997

10/28/97 2

AgendaAgenda Context:

Critical factors towards GIS: Convergence Internet and the computing paradigm

General trends Access Network Technologies ADSL market entry strategies

ADSL and ATM Scenarios ADSL-based ATM networks Requirements

ITU related

10/28/97 3

Driving SituationDriving Situation

Liberalization, Deregulation, Privatization Competition Internet Digitalization Technological changes Consumerization Globalization Mobility, telecommuting

10/28/97 4

The Converging Information SocietyThe Converging Information Society

TelecommunicationsIndustry

PSTNCable NetworksSatellite NetworksBroadcastingMobile Networks

MultimediaNetwork

Equipment

OnlineMultimedia

InteractiveMultimedia

OfflineMultimedia

IT Industry

ComputersSoftwareInterfaces

Information/ContentIndustry

Data BasesInformation ServicesAudio-Visual ProductsFilmsMusicPhotos

Source: OECD

10/28/97 5

The IT

Path

The MobilePath

The Capaci

tyPath

The Conte

ntPath

TheInforma

tionSociety

TheInforma

tionSociety

Mainframe

PC MmediaPC

Fixed MobileAdvancedMobileServices

NarrowbandVoice

Narrowbanddata

ISDN&

Comp.

BroadBand

Paper ElectronicMessaging

On-line

The TV

Path

The PC

Path

The MobilePath

The Conte

ntPath

TVPayTV

InteractiveTV

PCNarrowbandInternet

BroadbandInternet

FixedLinePhone

MobileAdvancedMobileServices

PublicLibraries

InformationKiosksMessaging

Routes to the Information SocietyRoutes to the Information Society

Source: Spectrum Analysis

10/28/97 6

Internet and the computing paradigmInternet and the computing paradigm

60-70 million Internet users Growth rate more than 100% per annum

• Traffic growth more than 200% Public Telephone Network: compound annual growth

of 5.4% (situation till 1985. Around 6-7% today)

Competitive market High stock capitalizations

Remarkable resilience Common standards, technical efficiency Pricing schemes

10/28/97 7

Total Internet Services Opportunity by Year 2000

60%21%

9%7% 3%

Basic Access

Web hosting

Other value-addedservicesSystems Integration

SecurityBasic = $7.1 Biillion

1996 1998 20000%

50%

100%

1996 1998 2000

Internet Traffic Mix

Other

E-Mail and NewsFTP and Telnet

Static WWWDynamic WWW

Multimedia

Evolution of InternetEvolution of Internet

Source: The Yankee Group, 1996

(From top to bottom)

60%

21%

9%

7%

3%

10/28/97 8

Evolution of Internet TelephonyEvolution of Internet Telephony

Now 1998 2010Source: MCI

Circuit Switched Telephony

Internet Telephony andRelated ServicesCurrent PC-PC

“IP Phone”

Projections by MCI:• From 1998, today’s PC-to-PC phone will be replaced by commercial grade Internet telephony.• By 2010, 50% of all telephony will be via what’s called today Internet telephony.

10/28/97 9

The value chainThe value chain

ContentCreation

Content andservice

packaging

Presentationgateway

EndUser

Equipment and service supply

Content Providers, Advertisement Brokers , Merchants Telephone Companies Service Providers (ISPs, Value-added) Cable operators Satellite operators New entrants Vendors

10/28/97 10

Possible market entry strategiesPossible market entry strategies Telecom Operator (telephone, satellite, cable)

Increase end-user offer and relations Capitalize on the access network Provide infrastructure Ammeliorate end-to-end scope (global connectivity) Move to ISP role Collaborate with vendors and content providers

Service Providers (ISPs, value-added) Prepare and adapt to market shifts (consolidation) Flexible packaging: users, services, information

New entrants Vendors

Mix, migrate and extend the Telecom and Internet bridge

10/28/97 11

Pricing: TPricing: Telephone network vs the Internetelephone network vs the Internet

Public telephone Network More than 100 years Mix analog and digial

technologies Optimised for voice

(cicuit switched) Pricing: distance and

duration dependent Uses accounting rates at

international levels (settlements)

The Internet More than 10 years Digital, computer-to-

computer technology Optimised for data

(packet switched) Pricing: Flat-rate based

on circuit capacity No formal mechanisms

for revenue sharing (sender-keeps all)

10/28/97 12

Pricing: Pricing: usage-based vs flat-rateusage-based vs flat-rate

Usage-based pricing works best for/when:

Scarce capacity Short transactions Want to minimize traffic Users are familiar with the

service Cope with traffic priorities Store-and-forward

communications

Flat-rate tariffs works best for/when:

Abundant capacity Long sessions Want to maximize usage Users are unfamiliar with

the service No priorities Real time

communications

10/28/97 13

AlternativesAlternatives Internet collapse ?

Growing usage, investments, commitments Web functionality Electronic-commerce prospects

Internet fragmentation Intranets and extranets Parallel infrastructure with its own tariffs

Internet/Public telephone convergence Telco pricing moves towards flat-rate Internet moves towards usage-based Which becomes dominant ? Telcos ?

Internet/broadcasting convergence The advertising model is adopted to fund Internet

10/28/97 14

The convergence requirementsThe convergence requirements

Corporations, businesses, consumers, residential

PC / ServerNetwork

Computer

PC / NetworkComputer/ TV orconsumer device

Set-top boxor similar

Open Architecture(e.g. Internet)

Proprietary networks(e.g. CATV)

Broadcast systems(e.g. digital TV)

PSTN

ISDN

xDSL

WirelessCable

Cable Modem

Satellite

Digital TV

Usersandservices

User interfacesandterminals

Backboneinfrastructure

AccessNetwork

10/28/97 15

Scenarios for the access networkScenarios for the access network

S e r v e r s

S e r v e r s

S w i t c h e dD ig i t a l A c c e s s

N e t w o r k

H y b r idF ib e r - C o a x

A c c e s s N e t w o r k

N a r r o w b a n dA c c e s s N e t w o r k

( e .g . d i a l - in )

N a r r o w b a n dA c c e s s N e t w o r k

( e .g . c e l l u l a r )

W ir e le s sA c c e s s N e t w o r k

( e .g . D B S )

S e r v e r s

S e r v e r s

S e r v e r s

S e r v e r s

S e r v e r s

S e r v e r s

T V D H T V T VD H T VO N U

P C x D S Lx D S L A c c e s s

A d a p t e r

In t e r n a t io n a l A T M B a c k b o n e s

N a t io n a l A T M B a c k b o n e s

M A N s a n d r e g io n a lA T M N e t w o r k s

M o d e mP o o l s

M o d e m

P C

D ia lu p

F ib e r -c o a xP la n t

F ib e r -c o a xP la n t

F ib e r

C o p p e r

P D CD H T V = D ig i t a l H o m e V id e o T e r m in a lO N U = O p t i c a l N e tw o r k U n i t

P D C = P e r s o n a l D ig i t a lC o m m u n ic a to r

L A N sP r iv a t e a n d C o r p o r a t e N e t w o r k s

P u b l i c D a t a N e t w o r k s( e .g . F r a m e R e l a y )

V D S L

V D S L

IS D N

T A

P C

W o r l d W i d e W e b

I n tern et / I n tran ets

10/28/97 16

Connectivity requirementsConnectivity requirements Large organizations

Very high speed 24 hours connectivity Small business (PMEs)

High speed, 8-24 hours/day, affordable cost “High bandwidth” residential users

High speed, 3-24 hours/day, low cost “Low bandwidth” residential users

Good speed, 1-3 hours/day, low cost

USER ACCESS SERVICES and NETWORKS

copper

fiber

coaxial (CATV)

satellite (wireless)

• Higher speeds• Minimum expenses• Increasing IT dependency

INTERNET

Public Networks (e.g. DATA, ATM, MANs, etc.)

Corporate Networks(e.g. Intranet)

Content, Broadcast, VoD

10/28/97 17

ADSL ProjectionsADSL ProjectionsxDSL Equipment and Revenue Projections

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Nu

mb

er o

f L

ines

(I

n T

hou

san

ds)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Rev

enu

es (

In M

illio

ns

of

Do

llars

)

IDSL Lines

S-HDSLLinesADSL/RADSL LinesTotalRevenues

Source: The Yankee Group (96/97)

10/28/97 18

Copper access (xDSL) technologiesCopper access (xDSL) technologies

DSL - Digital Subscriber Line Duplex: 160K (2B+D+Management)

HDSL - High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line Duplex: 2 x T.1 (1.544Mbps) / 2 x E.1 (2.048Mbps)

SDSL - Single Line Digital Subscriber Line Duplex:2 x T.1 (1.544Mbps) / 2 x E.1 (2.048Mbps)

ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric: Downstream: 1.5Mbps -> 9Mbps

Upstream: 16Kbps -> 640Kbps VDSL - Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line

Asymmetric: Downstream: 13Mbps -> 52Mbps

Upstream: 1.6Mbps -> 2.3Mbps

10/28/97 19

What is ADSL ?What is ADSL ?

Upstream Channelto Network

Downstream ChannelTo Residence

Existing TelephoneService

f(kHz)4 10 f (low) f2 (high)

2 WireTwisted Pair

Frequency Spectrum

f 1(high)

Allows existing phone lines to support POTS (“Plain Old Telephone Service”) and Interactive Services

Services are concurrent and independent POTS has no change - same line Multimedia service applied as an overlay on-top of

existing telephone service

10/28/97 20

ADSL performanceADSL performance

Upstream: 64 to 640 kbit/s Downstream : 1.5 Mbit/s to 9 Mbit/s Speed is a function of the distance and cable

type from the subscriber to the c.e. Typically 50 to 150 times faster (downstream

speed) than traditional analog modems ADSL looks simple but on the inside it uses

state-of-the-art technology DMT (Discrete multitone)

10/28/97 21

ADSL advantages for usersADSL advantages for users

User is connected 24 hours/day User can have WEB site, small LAN Uses telephone line already installed at home

or in the office Telephone and PC can be used at same time Supports multimedia applications Asymmetric speed matches requirements of

WEB access, VOD, teleworking “Per subscriber” line service provides more

security (e.g. for on-line banking, tele-work)

10/28/97 22

ADSL advantages for telcos’ high ADSL advantages for telcos’ high speed services provisionspeed services provision

Uses existing cabling Positions against competing technologies New revenue stream As fiber is deployed, ADSL can be moved

elsewhere Favorable cost of ownership

Can be introduced on a per-user basis Frees central exchange from long dialup

sessions Turns copper into gold

10/28/97 23

ADSL - Principles of useADSL - Principles of use

PSTN(Telephone)

Subscriber at home or in the office Telephone Network Service Provider Exchange

ADSLmodem(NTU)

ADSLAccessAdapter

Internet

Other Networks

ATM orEthernet

card

1-pair of copperwire from existingtelephoneconnection

copper linesfrom

POTS / PSTN

1Mb/s to 8-9Mb/s

64Kb/s - 640Kb/s

Max. dist. : 4.8 Km typ.

10/28/97 24

ADSL versus CATV cableADSL versus CATV cable Phone lines are ubiquitous, cable is not

(e.g., not available at most business sites) ADSL: full use of line’s bandwidth

Cable: shared use (more users connected to one branch, lower the individual bandwidth)

ADSL is interactiveSome cable solutions are not: upstream through telephone network and downstream through cable

Cable: shared line usage leads to security and network management issues

10/28/97 25

ADSL versus ISDNADSL versus ISDN ISDN is a mature and symmetrical service

ADSL is a state of art asymmetrical service ISDN is an end-to-end switched service

ADSL is a local dedicated access service ISDN is limited to 128 kbit/s

ADSL is available in speeds ranging typically from 64 kbit/s to 8 Mbit/s

ISDN is “metered”ADSL is usually flat rate

ISDN is not distance limited and is a very good solution for specific classes of users

10/28/97 26

ADSL versus baseband modemsADSL versus baseband modems

Baseband modems operate at lower speeds

Baseband modems require 4-wire circuits

Baseband modems are also expensive (but prices are being reduced gradually)

10/28/97 27

ADSL applicationsADSL applications

High speed multimedia Internet access Tele-work (telecommuting) Workgroup videoconferencing Distance learning with live video and interactive

participation High speed file transfers (e.g. multimedia, video

clips) Telemedicine (e.g., transport biomedical

images in seconds) Video-on-demand

10/28/97 28

ADSL Forum system reference diagramADSL Forum system reference diagram

TV

PC

Private Network Public Network Premises Network

ADSL Access Network

PSTN POTS

ATU-C ATU-Rloop

ServiceProviders

Online servicesInternet Access

LAN accessInteractive

VideoVideo

ServicesVideoconf.

USERS

SettopBox

PCIntfc

Broad.Network

Narrow.Network

PacketNetwork

Acc

ess

No

de

PDN

Prem.Dist.Net.

ADSL ADSL

10/28/97 29

Traffic concentration requirementsTraffic concentration requirements

Concentrate users Improve WAN links and resources Ensure QoS Service integration

Customer Premises Network Access Provider (NAP) Network Service Provider

Residential, SOHO(ADSL NTU)

ATU-C (ADSL TerminationUnit - Central)

DSLAM - Trafficaggregation

Local ServersPrivate WANInternet

Backbone

10/28/97 30

Functional requirementsFunctional requirements

Easy migration from current access (e.g. ISP) infrastructure

Simultaneous destinations connectivity Internet and corporate networks (e.g. Intranets) Multiprotocol support Security Multicast Quality of service

10/28/97 31

Why ATM ?Why ATM ? Service transparency Traffic integration Network layer 3 protocol transparency Scalability Efficiency and flexibility

Speed granularity Bursty traffic Efficient traffic and bandwidth handling

Low latency Service categories: QoS Low cost performance (bit/s) ratio Evolution path to broadband: e.g. VDSL

10/28/97 32

Frames versus cells Frames versus cells

Cell based ATM (UNI) Frame based ATM (FUNI)

Pro Supports all AALs Simplifies DSL Termination Units Traffic transparent to the ADSL

system QoS guaranteed Connection oriented

Efficient bandwidth usage forlarger packets

No SAR required at CPE Allows CPE to be a modem

Con Cell header overhead and PDUstuffing

Requires SAR in CPE

Requires framer andtransparency function

Only supports AAL5 Specific ADSL SAR functions QoS not guaranteed

10/28/97 33

ATM: Unifying InfrastructureATM: Unifying Infrastructure

TRANSPORT TRANSPORT ATM & TRANSPORT

FR Service

FR ATM ATM

FRCell Relay

Cell Relay Cell

RelayFRVoice Voice

ATM

ATM to theDesktop

Desktop

Legacy LAN

Desktop

RoutersPABX

Other LAN Backbone

• ATM evolution in the network infrastructure

• ATM evolution in the LAN infrastructure

10/28/97 34

ATM TodayATM Today ATM Forum - “The Anchorage Accord”

Alignment with ITU-T Stability - Completed specifications provide the

framework for service and product availability Backward compatibiliy or interoperability

Wireless

BICI3.0

M1M2M3

PHYSpecs

BICI2.0

M4

M5

4.0 SIG4.0

TM4.0

ILMI4.0

UNI 3.1

PNNI2.0

PNNI1.0

IISP

AMS1.0

MPOA

LANE2.0

LANE1.0

AIWXTI

Winsock2

SemanticAPI1.0

TestSpecs

SecurityDir. SvcsFUNI 2

RBBVTOA

DXI

FUNI 1

CES

FR/ATM

SMDS/ATM

Foundation Specs Application & Service Specs

10/28/97 35

Connectivity scenarioConnectivity scenario

Network AccessProvider

ISP (POP)

RegionalBroadbandNetwork

Corporate Networks

Internet

ContentProviders

ServiceProviders

CustomerPremise

AccessNetwork

Central Exchange

RegionalExchangeCenter

HighBandwidth User

LowBandwidth User

Small Business (PME)

10/28/97 36

ADSL-based broadband architectureADSL-based broadband architecture

Business

COInternet

PC-basedRemoteAccessServer

PCClients

Localloop

ADSLmodem

Cor

pora

te N

etw

ork

AccessNode/DSLAM

ATMover T1,DS-3, OC-3c

RegionalBroadband

Network(ATM corenetwork)

ATMAccessSwitch*

Home

ISP

ROC

ContentProvider

*This may or maynot be located in

the CO

10/28/97 37

Scenarios for the ATM/ADSL networkScenarios for the ATM/ADSL networkCustomerPremises

Network Access Provider(NAP)

Network ServiceProvider

Residential, SOHO(ADSL NTU)

ATU-C (ADSLTermination Unit -

Central)DSLAM - Traffic

aggregation

ATM orSDH:

backbone celltransport

RAS - RemoteAccessServer:routing,security

LocalServers

Private WANInternet

TCP/IP

Encapsulation

AAL5/ATM

ADSL ADSL STM-1OC-3

IP Routing

ATM ATM

STM-1OC-3

STM-1OC-3

Encapsulation

AAL5/ATM

STM-1OC-3

WAN Media

LAN Media

Applications

SoftwareAn end-to-end compatibledata encapsulation isneeded

10/28/97 38

Encapsulation methodsEncapsulation methods

TCP/ IP

RFC1577

AAL5/ATM

ADSL

TCP/ IP

802.3 Ethernet

AAL5/ATM

ADSL

ApplicationsSoftware

ApplicationsSoftware

TCP/ IP

PPP

AAL5/ATM

ADSL

ApplicationsSoftware

AAL5/ATM

ADSL

ApplicationsSoftware

RFC1483 IETF Draft

Ethernet over ATM IP over ATM PPP over ATM

Native ATM(Winsock2)

10/28/97 39

WinSock 2 ArchitectureWinSock 2 Architecture16 bit

WinSock 1.1

Application

32 bitWinSock

1.1Applicatio

n

32 bitWinSock 2Applicatio

n

WINSOCK..DLL

32bit - WINSOCK.32.DLL

32 bit WinSock 2 DLL - WS2-32.DLL

WinSock 1.1 API

WinSock 2 API

WinSock 2 SPI Transport Service Provider

TransportService Provider

e.g. TCP/IP, IPX

TransportService Providere.g. ATM

Name Space Service Providere.g. DNS

Name Space Service Providere.g. NDS

• QoS - Through ATM, RSVP, other• Multipoint/ Mlticast• Real-time multimedia commnications

10/28/97 40

Challenges for ATM/ADSL combinationChallenges for ATM/ADSL combination

Static and dynamic connections Move away from PVCs to scale up SVCs - Next generation of NTUs

Flexible IP addressing management PPPATM seems to be the right direction

Multiple parallel, independent IP connections, + security Wait for WinSock2 and Native ATM apps for QoS Integrated network management User-friendly approach

Installation, setup, interoperability, service levels Pricing - Defensive, proactive approach

10/28/97 41

ITU’s NTC ADSL trialITU’s NTC ADSL trial(http://www.itu.int/ntc)

ADSL AccessAdapter

copper lines

ATM switch

copper lines

ADSL(NTU)ADSL(NTU)

ADSL(NTU)

Thematic Pavilion Alcatel Stand

Palexpo - Telecom Interactive 97

PTT Central - Grand-Saconnex

ITU HeadquartersrouterInternet & ITU Network

SUNNet. Mgt.

WWWServer(s)

VoD Digital TV

NTC Lab

INTERNET

ADSL AccessAdapter

ATM switch

ITUnet97

INTERNET

Test usersin Geneva

10/28/97 42

Related issues at the ITURelated issues at the ITU(http://www.itu.int)

Study Group 15 - Question #4 - V.adsl• ADSL - ANSI T1.413 (DMT)• HDSL - ETSI ETR 152 Edition 3• Adopted by reference

Focal point for GII Standardization, Regulatory activities

Publications - Electronic Bookshop International Settlements IAHC MoU Telecom Interactive 97 (8-14 September, 1997, Geneva)