1029 jeevika what is system of wheat intensification (swi)
TRANSCRIPT
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
JEEViKA WHAT IS SWI ?
A project of Govt. of Bihar assisted by the World Bank Objective – social & economic empowerment of rural
poor through community institutions such as self-help groups (SHGs) & their federations
Agricultural intervention is one of the focus areas under the Livelihoods component
Rural poverty can be reduced in a big way enhancing agricultural productivity of the important crops
Piloted and scaled up SRI among 8,500 farmers Piloted SWI in 2008-09 with 415 farmers SWI is being scaled up with nearly 30,000 farmers in
2009-10
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
WHAT IS SWI ?
• A SET OF AGRONOMIC PRACTICES:
Modified Practices Lower seed rate Seed treatment Sowing of seeds
at proper spacing
Control of water in the crop field
Weeding / hoeing
Outputs / Results Higher ratio of tillers to mother seedlings
Increased number of effective tillers / hill
Enhanced panicle length & bolder grains
Enhanced yield
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL WHEAT CULTIVATION & SWI
Particulars Traditional wheat
cultivation
System of Wheat
Intensification
Seed rate 100-125 kg / ha
20-30 kg / ha
Seed treatment Not done Provided with cow urine & fungicide
Sowing Broadcasting Line sowing
Spacing No spacing regulation
8 inch x 8 inch
Weeding / Hoeing
Not done 3 times
Yield 1-2 tons / hectare
3-4 tons / hectare
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
SEED TREATMENT
Required inputs:10 kg improved
seedWarm water: 20
litres (60o Celsius)
Vermi-compost: 5 kg
Gur: 4 kgCow urine: 4
litresBavistin: 20
grams
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
SEED TREATMENT PROCESS
Steps to be followed sequentially:Separate foreign materials from 10 kg seedMake 20 liters of water warm, up to 60o C in a
vesselPut the seed in the warm water in the vesselRemove the floating seeds from the warm
waterAdd 5 kg vermi-compost, 4 kg gur & 4 litres of
cow urine, and keep for 8 hoursSeparate the seed mixture from the solution,
sieving it through a cotton cloth after 8 hoursAdd 20 grams Bavistin to the seed mixture
and keep this for 12 hours in a wet jute bag for germination & for further sowing
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
LAND PREPARATION
Land preparation process:20 quintals FYM or 4 quintals of vermi-compost per acre of land
If the soil does not have appropriate moisture, irrigate before ploughing
Before the last ploughing, broadcast 27 kg DAP & 13.5 kg potash on one acre of land
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
SEED SOWING
Seed sowing process: Moisture availability in soil
is required when the germinated seeds are sown
2 seeds per hill are sown & spacing is maintained at 8”
To guide and maintain line sowing at 8”, strings or ropes are used
Gap filling is done after 7 days, wherever the seed has not germinated
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
IRRIGATION
Phase-wise irrigation management:First irrigation is done 15 days after sowing, as
root initiation starts during this time. Unavailability of moisture in soil will prevent root initiation.
Second irrigation is given 25 days after sowing, as the number of tillers start emerging
Third irrigation is given 35-40 days after sowing
Subsequent irrigations are given at 60, 80 & 100 days after sowing, depending on soil & climatic conditions
During the flowering and grain-filling stage, appropriate moisture should be available in the soil
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
MANURE & FERTILIZER APPLICATION
Phase-wise manure & fertilizer application:After the first and third irrigation, manure
& fertilizer are appliedAfter the first irrigation, 4 quintals of
vermi-compost and 40 kg of urea are applied
After the third irrigation, 15 kg urea & 13 kg potash are applied
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
WEEDING
Phase-wise weeding requirement:Weeding is first done 2-3 days after
irrigationAfter the first, second & third irrigations,
hoeing and weeding should be done -- to loosen the soil and to make the wheat field weed-free
The loosening of soil results in better aeration for the root zone and increases the root length by letting them take more moisture & nutrient from the soil
This helps in bringing forth more tillers in the plant with more vigor
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
ACTION RESEARCH ON SWI in JEEViKA (2008-09)
Three kinds of research:First research: Row to row & plant to
plant spacing is 6 inchesSecond research: Row to row & plant to
plant spacing is 8 inchesThird research : PVSP as a complement to
SWI with 7 wheat varieties (GW-273, UP-2565, UP-2526, HD-2733, PBW-343, HP-1761, HI-1531)
Action research was undertaken with 140 farmers in Purnea, 150 farmers in Gaya, and 125 farmers in Nalanda (415 farmers in all)
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
Yield Differencesper hectare
Traditional SWI
Purnea : 1.6 tonnes (PBW-343, UP-262)
Gaya : 1.2 tonnes (PBW-343)
Nalanda : 1.4 tonnes (PBW-343)
Purnea : 4.8 tonnes (GW-273, UP-2565, UP-2526)
Highest : 8.4 ton / ha
Gaya : 3.2 tonnes (PBW-343)
Highest : 6.92 ton / ha
Nalanda : 3.8 tonnes (PBW-343, GW-273, HD 2733, LOK-1)
Highest : 7.92 ton / ha
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
Difference in tillers & root between SWI & traditional practices
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
Certification by Dr. M. C. Diwakar, Director, Rice
Development, GoI
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
Progress of SWI in the Ongoing Winter Season
Rabi 2009-2010 in JEEViKA Working with around 30,000 farmers in around
5,000 acres of land in 18 blocks of 6 districts
Implementation is carried out with support from the local resources called Village Resource Persons (VRPs)
More than 500 Village Resource Persons (VRPs) were identified from the villages and trained to guide the 30,000 farmers
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
Role of Village Resource Persons
(VRPs) Generating awareness of SWI methodology in SHGs
& at VO meetings Training of farmers in the classroom & field
SWI training manual Audio –visual materials Field demonstrations Field exposure (internal & external)
Guiding farmers in sowing and intercultural operations
Weekly SWI plot visits to solve problems Conducting focus-group discussions with farmers Conduct scientific yield assessments as trained by
agriculture scientists (cross-verification method)
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
Designing of Honorarium for Village Resource Persons
(VRPs) SC/ST HHs + Lease Land = 35/- per HH per month SC/ST HHs + Own Land = 30/- per HH per month BC/EBC HHs+Lease/Own Land=25/- per HH per m GC HHs + Lease / Own Land = 20/- per HH per m HONORARIUM DESIGN OBJECTIVES To cover a greater number of landless farmers
who lease land & improve productivity so as to attain food security & bring more land under the fold of SWI/SRI to improve productivity
In the current Rabi season, 18 VRPs imparted training to farmers, agriculture officers & KVK-ATMA officials to help them pilot SWI in 38 districts
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
OBSERVATIONS / LEARNING
Under water-stressed conditions (drought), crops with SRI/SWI methodology cope with pressures better than crops of traditional cultivation practices
For bringing about sustained change in agricultural and behavioural practices, very close guidance is needed for at least 2-3 years
More number of small & marginal farmers have taken up SRI/SWI on more acres of land in subsequent years
The SWI/SRI methodology spreads much faster from the small farmers to the large farmers
04/12/23 Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS)
OUR EXPECTATIONS
Scaling up of SWI across various parts of the country
Inclusion of System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) under the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) for attaining better food security for the poor
Research to develop seed drill for sowing of wheat seeds on large scale, and other equipment such as weeders, power weeders, etc.
Use of VRP model for more effective extension of agricultural practices