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CHEMISTRY FOR

HALLOWEENAdopted from Dr. Anne Helmenstine

Here's How:Sprinkle sodium carbonate to coat the bottom of a drinking glass.Fill a second glass halfway full of water. Add ~10 drops phenolphthalein indicator solution to the water. The glasses can be prepared in advance.To change water into wine or blood, pour the water with indicator into the glass that contains the sodium carbonate. Stir the contents to mix the sodium carbonate, and the water will change from clear to red.If you like, you can use a straw to blow air into the red liquid to change it back to clear.

2 tablespoons solid white shortening 5 teaspoons cornstarch 1 teaspoon white flour 3-5 drops glycerin Make the Face PaintMix the cornstarch and flour together.Use a fork to blend in the shortening.Slowly mix in the glycerin until you have a creamy mixture.You can use this white face paint as it is or you can mix in a few drops of fruit juice or food coloring to attain any color you need. Be aware, adding colorings may result in tha product which could stain your skin.Apply the face paint with a paintbrush or sponge, taking care to avoid getting it in the eyes.To remove this face paint, first use a tissue to remove as much face paint as possible. Then wash the face with soap and warm water.

Here's How:Mix creamy peanut butter with a sufficient amount of white corn syrup to make a runny mixture.Add (non-sudsy) soap and food colors and mix well.Stir more corn syrup in until the desired consistency for your fake blood is reached.Refrigerate unused fake blood in an airtight container.Tips:Inexpensive white corn syrup is said to be thicker and more suitable for the fake blood than its costlier relatives.What You Need1 c (250mL) peanut butter1 qt. (1 L) corn syrup1/2 cup (125mL) soap1 oz (30mL) red color15 drops blue food color

Here's How:Stir 1/8 cup borax into 500 ml warm water. It's okay if some borax remains undissolved. Allow solution to cool to room temperature.In a separate container, stir 2 spoonfuls of glue into 3 spoonfuls of water. White glue will give you opaque snot (more booger than snot); glue gel will produce you translucent slimy snot.Stir a couple of drops of food coloring into the glue mixture.Add a spoonful of the borax solution to the glue mixture. Stir (if in a bowl) or squish (if in a baggie).Have fun with your snot!Tips:Elmer's glue is a non-toxic, water-based white glue or a non-toxic blue or clear gel. Another brand may be substituted.A little yellow food coloring could be added for that extra sickly touch.Don't eat or inhale the snot. Borax isn't particularly toxic, but isn't good for you either.Borax is found in the household cleaner or laundry section of the store. It's commonly used as a detergent booster.Wash your hands after playing with your snot.What You NeedBorax PowderElmer's GlueWaterFood ColoringMeasuring CupsBaggies or Bowls

Edible Fake Barf

Here's How:Heat 1/4 cup of applesauce in the frying pan over low to medium heat.Stir in 1 packet of unflavored gelatin.Add a pinch or two of cocoa powder. Mix thoroughly and remove from heat.Sprinkle oatmeal over the mixture into an aesthetically-pleasing chunky pattern. You can stir it in a bit, but don't mix too much.Repeat the oatmeal procedure with some raisin bran cereal.Spread the barf mixture onto a plate so that it resembles vomit, adding extra raisins or cereal bits, as desired.Allow the barf to cool completely (couple of hours). Remove it from the plate with a spatula.Have fun!Tips:You may wish to spray your plate with nonstick cooking spray to keep the vomit from sticking.Adult supervision is recommended.Please let me know if you come up with alterations to this recipe that make it even more realistic.What You Need1 pkg unflavored gelatinapplesaucepowdered cocoaoatmealraisin bran cerealfrying pan

liquid laundry detergent or else mix powdered detergent with a bit of water sponge or paper towel either artistic talent or else a stencil black light Make the Decoration I downloaded a skull stencil pattern and printed it.Cut out the eyes, nose, and mouth of the skull.Select the location for your decoration. I chose a part of my front walkway that was near one of my porch lights. I switched out the normal lightbulb for a black light. I could have used a black light and an extension cord to put the decoration anywhere. This project works well on a sidewalk or a wall. You could put the skull on a windowpane if you wanted.Dampen a sponge or paper towel with liquid laundry detergent. You want it wet enough to deposit the color, but not dripping wet.Place the stencil where you want the decoration.Blot over the stencil with the detergent-coated sponge to fill in the shapes of the skull. If you mess up badly, just wash it off and try again.Turn on the black light when you want to see the decoration. Turn the light off when you don't want to see it. Wash away the picture when Halloween is over. How It WorksLaundry detergents contain brightening agents that glow when exposed to light. They are intended to make whites appear whiter by adding a bit of blue light to them under ultraviolet light, like in sunlight or under fluorescent lights. When you shine a black light on detergent, you get a very bright glow. The glow is bright enough that you don't need total darkness to get a nice effect.

Highlighters and Glowing WaterThe first method involves dyeing water with the glowing ink found in non-toxic highlighter pens. Cut the highlighter open with a knife to expose the material that contains the ink. Typically, this is a plastic coated fibrous tube. Remove the tube with the ink and slice it open so that the ink can flow out of the fibers. You can soak the ink pad in water for a few hours or use gloved hands to squeeze the ink into the water.

All it takes to make the water glow is to shine a black light or ultraviolet lamp on the water. You can store the glowing water in a sealed container and use it again and again. It will not go bad and the glow will never fade. Drinkable Glowing Tonic WaterThe highlighter solution is non-toxic, but it tastes terrible. If you want glowing water for drinks, you can use tonic water, which you can buy at a grocery store. Tonic water contains a chemical called quinine which gives it a distinctive taste and makes it glow bright blue when the water is exposed to black light. Florescent Compounds in Glowing WaterHighlighters and tonic water glow because they contain chemicals which are fluorescent. Fluorescent compounds absorb light and then release it back. In this case, they absorb highly energetic but invisible ultraviolet light and release less energetic visible light. The water is transparent so it is easy to color with these glowing chemicals.

Fire is made up of light and heated gases from combustion. You can control the temperature of fire by selecting a fuel that burns with a cool flame. If you pour the fuel onto a substance that won't burn, you can make a fireball that you can hold in your hand or juggle. Here are written instructions for making your own handheld fireballs. There is also a step-by-step video tutorial of this fire project if you would like see what to expect. Materials Needed to Make Fireballs 2" x 5" strip of cotton cloth (like from a t-shirt) 100% cotton thread needle naphtha lighter fluid (e.g., Ronsonol™) match or lighter How to Make a Fireball Thread the needle with cotton thread.Tightly roll the cotton strip into a ball.Pierce the ball with the needle and wrap the ball with the thread. End by running the needle through the ball one more time and break off the thread.Soak the ball with lighter fluid. Don't soak your hands.Don't ignite the the fireball while you are holding it. Set the ball on a fire-proof surface. I used a frying pan from my kitchen.If you want to hold the fireball, my recommendation is to pick it up with tongs and carefully/slowly set it on your hand. That way you'll be able to tell if you can take the heat or not. Once you gain some confidence, you can pick the fireball up using your fingers.

Safety & Additional Information It's best to use 100% cotton fabric and thread. If the fiber is synthetic (like nylon or polyester) it might burn or melt, with unpleasant consequences.The 'trick' to this demonstration is the fuel. It needs to be naphtha or kerosene. I have had good luck with Ronsonol™ and Zippo™ (not the butane stuff... read your ingredient list). Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) works, but it burns a little hotter. It's pretty hard to blow the fireball out. You either need to blow hard or else suffocate the flame to extinguish it. You can set a saucepan lid over the fireball.The fireballs are reusable. Put them out when they run out of fuel or else the cotton will burn (you can tell this is happening when the ball starts to blacken and produce sooty smoke). If you get to the point where the cotton itself is burning, the fireball will be too hot to hold. Ideally you want to extinguish the fireball before it consumes all of its fuel. Simply soak it in more lighter fluid and relight it to reuse it.Regarding holding these in your hand or doing tricks with them... the cone of the flame is hot, especially above the ball, however, the fuel burns at a relatively low temperature. The flashpoint of Ronsonol™ brand of naphtha is 6°C or 43° F, with combustion mainly around 400°F. To put that in perspective, touching the fireball is a lot like touching a hot pizza right out of the oven (except without the sticky cheese part). Fireballs are great fun to make, but like all fire projects, use proper safety precautions and common sense. Don't get burned or set your house or yard on fire. This is a project which requires adult supervision.

Color Chemical

Carmine Lithium Chloride

Red Strontium Chloride or Strontium Nitrate

Orange Calcium Chloride (a bleaching powder)

Yellow Sodium Chloride (table salt)or Sodium Carbonate

Yellowish Green Borax

Green Copper Sulfate or Boric Acid

Blue Copper Chloride

Violet3 parts Potassium Sulfate1 part Potassium Nitrate (saltpeter)

Purple Potassium Chloride

White Magnesium Sulfate

Flame Colorants