1053 tubing%20 performance1
TRANSCRIPT
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 1P180
How do we get hydrocarbons to surface?
What is tubing performance?
How do we size tubing?
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 2P180
At the end of this session you should be able to:
• Explain what tubing performance is
• Describe the key features of tubing performance
• Carry out a tubing size selection exercise
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 3P180
• Just as we optimise the Inflow performance of flow from the reservoir to the wellbore, we also need to optimise the Outflow performance from the bottom of the well to surface
• Tubing performance is the term used to describe Outflow performance. It is also called Vertical Lift Performance
• Tubing Performance looks at optimising/minimisingpressure losses at lowest life cycle cost. By minimisingpressure drop, we maximise production.
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 4P180
• In order to flow from the bottom of the well to surface, we need to overcome several pressure drops
– Hydrostatic head– Frictional losses– Acceleration effects
(normally negligible)
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 5P180
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 6P180
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 7P180
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 8P180
• Bubble flow - dispersed bubble of gas in continuous liquid phase;
• Slug flow - coalescing bubble in larger one, expanding across the entire pipe x-section. Between the larger bubble are slugs of liquid with entrained smaller gas bubbles
• Churn flow - highly turbulent flow pattern and dispersion of both gas- and liquid phase
• Annular flow (mist flow) - gas is continuous phase, with dispersed liquid droplets; liquid moves as (unstable) boundary layer to the pipe;
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 9P180
INCREASE of PWF due to fluid hold-up
INCREASE of PWF due increasing friction
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 10P180
• Flowing tubing pressure
• Length of tubing
• Friction factors
• Tubing diameter
• Fluid composition (liquid/gas)
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 11P180
Flow
ing
botto
mho
lepr
essu
re P
WF
Flow rate (Q)
THP1
THP2
THP1 > THP2
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 12P180
Flow
ing
botto
mho
lepr
essu
re P
WF
Flow rate (Q)
5”
4”
2 7/8”
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 13P180
Flow
ing
botto
mho
lepr
essu
re P
WF
PWF
GLR1
GLR3
GLR2
Flow rate (Q)
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 14P180
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 15P180
• IPR - Inflow Performance Relationship
• IPC - Intake Pressure Curve
• TPC - Tubing Performance Curve
• CPC - Choke Performance Curve
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 16P180
• To isolate the well from downstream pressure
• Control of downhole pressure
QPfwh PFLD2 P (D ) Qfwh = 2 , GLRf
Critical flow:
Single -phase gas flow : PFTH > 1.9 PFL
Multi-phase gas-liquid flow : PFTH > 1.7 PFL
D1
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 17P180
• Tubing performance is the term used to describe Outflow performance.
• Tubing performance dependent on:– Flowing tubing pressure – Length of tubing– Friction factors– Tubing diameter– Fluid composition (liquid/gas)
• Definition of terms
• Use of Choke
Outflow 18/04/02 Outflow.ppt, page 18P180
In your syndicate groups, please do the following:
• Explain what tubing performance is
• What are IPC, TPC & CPC
• Describe the key parameters which tubing performance -what are they & how do they affect tubing performance
1
© 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV Outflow2.ppt, page 1 P180
Pressure Losses in Oil Production.
2
© 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV Outflow2.ppt, page 2 P180
The Function of a Completion
3
© 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV Outflow2.ppt, page 3 P180
Dual Completion
4
© 1999 Shell International Exploration & Production BV Outflow2.ppt, page 4 P180
Representation of Flowing Well