11-1. 11-2 chapter11 current liabilities and payroll accounting
TRANSCRIPT
11-1
11-2
CHAPTER11Current Liabilities
and Payroll
Accounting
11-3
PreviewofCHAPTER11
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Current liability is debt with two key features:
1. Company expects to pay the debt from existing
current assets or through the creation of other
current liabilities.
2. Company will pay the debt within one year or the
operating cycle, whichever is longer.
SO 1 Explain a current liability, and identify the SO 1 Explain a current liability, and identify the major types of current liabilities.major types of current liabilities.
Current liabilities include notes payable, accounts payable, unearned revenues, and accrued liabilities such as taxes payable, salaries
payable, and interest payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
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To be classified as a current liability, a debt must be
expected to be paid:
a. out of existing current assets.
b. by creating other current liabilities.
c. within 2 years.
d. both (a) and (b).
Question
SO 1 Explain a current liability, and identify the SO 1 Explain a current liability, and identify the major types of current liabilities.major types of current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
11-6 SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Notes Payable
Written promissory note.
Requires the borrower to pay interest.
Issued for varying periods.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
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Illustration: First National Bank agrees to lend $100,000 on
September 1, 2012, if Cole Williams Co. signs a $100,000,
12%, four-month note maturing on January 1.
Instructions
a) Prepare the entry on September 1st.
b) Prepare the adjusting entry on Dec. 31st, assuming
monthly adjusting entries have not been made.
c) Prepare the entry at maturity (Jan. 1, 2013).
SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
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Notes payable
100,000
Cash 100,000
Interest payable
4,000
Interest expense 4,000
$100,000 x 12% x 4/12 = $4,000
b) Prepare the adjusting entry on Dec. 31st.
SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Illustration: First National Bank agrees to lend $100,000 on
September 1, 2012, if Cole Williams Co. signs a $100,000,
12%, four-month note maturing on January 1.
a) Prepare the entry on Sept. 1st.
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Cash
104,000
SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.SO 2 Describe the accounting for notes payable.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Illustration: First National Bank agrees to lend $100,000 on
September 1, 2012, if Cole Williams Co. signs a $100,000,
12%, four-month note maturing on January 1.
c) Prepare the entry at maturity.
Interest payable 4,000
Notes payable 100,000
11-10 SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Sales Tax Payable
Sales taxes are expressed as a stated percentage
of the sales price.
Either rung up separately or included in total
receipts.
Retailer collects tax from the customer.
Retailer remits the collections to the state’s
department of revenue.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
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Illustration: The March 25 cash register reading for Cooley
Grocery shows sales of $10,000 and sales taxes of $600 (sales
tax rate of 6%), the journal entry is:
Sales revenue
10,000
Cash 10,600
Sales tax payable
600
SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
11-12 SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Unearned Revenue
Revenues received before the company
delivers goods or
provides services.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Illustration 11-2
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Illustration: Superior University sells 10,000 season football tickets at $50 each for its five-game home schedule. The university makes the following entry for the sale of season tickets:
SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Unearned ticket revenue
500,000
Cash 500,000Aug. 6
Ticket revenue
100,000
Unearned ticket revenue 100,000Sept. 7
As the school completes each of the five home games, it would record the revenue earned.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
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Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Portion of long-term debt that comes due in the
current year.
No adjusting entry required.
SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.SO 3 Explain the accounting for other current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
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Statement Presentation and AnalysisIllustration 11-3
Accounting for Current Liabilities
SO 4SO 4
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Working capital is calculated as:
a. current assets minus current liabilities.
b. total assets minus total liabilities.
c. long-term liabilities minus current liabilities.
d. both (b) and (c).
Question
SO 4 Explain the financial statement presentation SO 4 Explain the financial statement presentation and analysis of current liabilities.and analysis of current liabilities.
Accounting for Current Liabilities
11-17SO 4 Explain the financial statement presentation
and analysis of current liabilities.
Liquidity refers to the ability to pay maturing obligations and meet unexpected needs for
cash.
Current ratio permits us to compare the liquidity of different-sized companies and of a single company
at different times.
Illustration 11-5
Illustration 11-4
Accounting for Current Liabilities
Statement Presentation and Analysis
11-18SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Potential liability that may become an actual liability in the future.
Three levels of probability:
Probable.
Reasonably possible.
Remote.
Contingent Liabilities
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AccountingProbability
Accrue
Footnote
Ignore
Probable
ReasonablyPossible
Remote
SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
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A contingent liability should be recorded in the accounts when:
a. it is probable the contingency will happen, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated.
b. it is reasonably possible the contingency will happen, and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
c. it is probable the contingency will happen, and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
d. it is reasonably possible the contingency will happen, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated.
Question
SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
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Product Warranties
Promise made by a seller to a buyer to make good on
a deficiency of quantity, quality, or performance in a
product.
Recording a Contingent Liability
Estimated cost of honoring product warranty contracts
should be recognized as an expense in the period in
which the sale occurs.
SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
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Illustration: Denson Manufacturing Company sells 10,000 washers and dryers at an average price of $600 each. The selling price includes a one-year warranty on parts. Denson expects that 500 units (5%) will be defective and that warranty repair costs will average $80 per unit. In 2012, the company honors warranty contracts on 300 units, at a total cost of $24,000. At December 31, compute the estimated warranty liability.
SO 5
Illustration 11-6Computation of estimatedproduct warranty liability
Contingent Liabilities
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Warranty expense 40,000
SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for contingent liabilities.
Warranty liability 40,000
Contingent Liabilities
Illustration: Denson Manufacturing Company sells 10,000 washers and dryers at an average price of $600 each. The selling price includes a one-year warranty on parts. Denson expects that 500 units (5%) will be defective and that warranty repair costs will average $80 per unit. In 2012, the company honors warranty contracts on 300 units, at a total cost of $24,000. At December 31, compute the estimated warranty liability. Make the required adjusting entry.
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Illustration: Prepare the entry to record the repair costs incurred in 2012 to honor warranty contracts on 2012 sales.
Warranty liability 24,000
SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for contingent liabilities.
Repair parts 24,000
Assume that the company replaces 20 defective units in January 2013, at an average cost of $80 in parts and labor.
Warranty liability 1,600
Repair parts 1,600
Contingent Liabilities
11-26SO 5 Describe the accounting and disclosure
requirements for contingent liabilities.
Contingent Liabilities
Disclosure of Contingent Liabilities
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“Payroll” pertains to both:
Salaries - managerial, administrative, and sales
personnel (monthly or yearly rate).
Wages - store clerks, factory employees, and manual
laborers (rate per hour).
Involves computing three amounts: (1) gross earnings,
(2) payroll deductions, and (3) net pay.
Payroll Accounting
Determining the Payroll
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Total compensation earned by an employee (wages or
salaries, plus any bonuses and commissions).
Gross Earnings
SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Illustration 11-8
Determining the Payroll
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Mandatory:
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
Payroll Deductions
SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Voluntary:
Charity
Insurance
Union dues
Pension plans
Determining the Payroll
11-30 SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Social Security taxes
Supplemental retirement, employment disability, and medical benefits.
In 2010, the rate was 7.65% (6.2% Social Security plus 1.45% Medicare) on the first $106,800 of gross earnings for each employee. For purpose of illustration, assume a rate of 8% on the first $100,000 of gross earnings, maximum of $8,000.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
Mandatory:
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
11-31 SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Employers are required to withhold income taxes from employees’ pay.
Withholding amounts are based on gross wages and the number of allowances claimed.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
Mandatory:
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
11-32 SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Most states (and some cities) require employers to withhold income taxes from employees’ earnings.
Determining the Payroll
Payroll Deductions
Mandatory:
FICA tax
Federal income tax
State income tax
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Gross earnings minus payroll deductions.
Net Pay
SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Illustration 11-11
Determining the Payroll
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An employer must keep a cumulative record of each employee’s gross earnings, deductions, and net pay during the year.
Maintaining Payroll Department Records
Recording the Payroll
Illustration 11-12
SO 6
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Many companies find it useful to prepare a payroll register.
Maintaining Payroll Department Records
Recording the Payroll
Illustration 11-13
SO 6
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Illustration: Prepare the entry Academy Company would make to record the payroll for the week ending January 14.
Recognizing Payroll Expenses and Liabilities
SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Salaries and wages expense 17,210.00
Federal income tax payable3,490.00
FICA tax payable1,376.80
State income tax payable344.20United Way payable421.50Union dues payable115.00Salaries and wages payable
11,462.50
Recording the Payroll
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Illustration: Prepare the entry Academy Company would make to record the payment of the payroll.
Recording Payment of the Payroll
SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Salaries and wages payable 11,462.50
Cash
11,462.50
Recording the Payroll
11-38 SO 6 Compute and record the payroll for a pay period.
Illustration 11-14Paycheck and statement ofearnings
Recording the Payroll
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Payroll tax expense results from three taxes that governmental agencies levy on employers.
SO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
These taxes are:
FICA tax
Federal
unemployment tax
State
unemployment tax
Same rate and maximum earnings as the employee’s.
In 2010, the rate was 7.65% (6.2% Social Security plus 1.45% Medicare) on the first $106,800 of gross earnings for each employee. For purpose of illustration, assume a rate of 8% on the first $100,000 of gross earnings, maximum of $8,000.
Employer Payroll Taxes
11-40 SO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
FUTA tax rate is 6.2% of first $7,000 of taxable wages.
Employers who pay the state unemployment tax on a timely basis will receive an offset credit of up to 5.4%. Therefore, the net federal tax rate is generally 0.8%.
Employer Payroll Taxes
Payroll tax expense results from three taxes that governmental agencies levy on employers.
These taxes are:
FICA tax
Federal
unemployment tax
State
unemployment tax
11-41 SO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
SUTA basic rate is usually 5.4% on the first $7,000 of wages paid.
Employer Payroll Taxes
Payroll tax expense results from three taxes that governmental agencies levy on employers.
These taxes are:
FICA tax
Federal
unemployment tax
State
unemployment tax
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Illustration: Academy records the payroll tax expense associated with the January 14 payroll with the following entry. Use the following rates: FICA 8%, state unemployment 5.4%, federal unemployment 0.8%.
Payroll tax expense 2,443.82
State unemployment tax payable929.34
FICA tax payable1,376.80
** $17,210.00 x 5.4% = $929.34
* $ 17,210.00 x 8% = $1,376.80
Federal unemployment tax payable 137.68
*
*** $17,210 x .8% = $137.68
**
***
SO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
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Employer payroll taxes do not include:
a. Federal unemployment taxes.
b. State unemployment taxes.
c. Federal income taxes.
d. FICA taxes.
Question
SO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Employer Payroll Taxes
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Companies must report FICA taxes and federal income
taxes withheld no later than one month following the close
of each quarter.
Companies generally file and remit federal unemployment
taxes annually on or before January 31 of the subsequent
year. Companies usually file and pay state unemployment
taxes by the end of the month following each quarter.
Employers must provide each employee with a Wage and
Tax Statement (Form W-2) by January 31.
SO 7 Describe and record employer payroll taxes.
Filing and Remitting Payroll Taxes
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As applied to payroll, the objectives of internal control are
1. to safeguard company assets against unauthorized payments of payrolls, and
2. to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the accounting records pertaining to payrolls.
SO 8 Discuss the objectives of internal control for payroll.
Internal Control for Payroll
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In addition to the three payroll-tax fringe benefits, employers incur other substantial fringe benefit costs.
Two important fringe benefits include:
Paid absences
Post-retirement benefits
SO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.
APPENDIXAPPENDIX11AAdditional Fringe Benefits
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Employees often are given rights to receive compensation
for absence when they meet certain conditions of
employment.
The compensation may be for paid vacations, sick pay
benefits, and paid holidays.
When the payment for such absences is probable and the
amount can be reasonably estimated, the company
should accrue a liability for paid future absences.
When the amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the
company should instead disclose the potential liability.
Paid Absences
SO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.
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Post-retirement benefits are benefits that employers provide to retired employees for
1. pensions and
2. health care and life insurance.
Companies account for post-retirement benefits on the accrual basis.
APPENDIX
SO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.
Post-Retirement Benefits
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A pension plan is an agreement whereby employers provide
benefits to employees after they retire.
Two types of pension plans:
1. In a defined-contribution plan, the plan defines the
contribution that an employer will make but not the benefit that
the employee will receive at retirement. This is often referred
to as a 401 (k) plan.
2. In a defined-benefit plan, the employer agrees to pay a
defined amount to retirees, based on employees meeting
certain eligibility standards.
SO 9 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.
Pensions
Post-Retirement Benefits
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Key Points
The basic definition of a liability under GAAP and IFRS is very similar. In a more technical way, liabilities are defined by the IASB as a present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an out flow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits. Liabilities may be legally enforceable via a contract or law but need not be; that is, they can arise due to normal business practice or customs.
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Key Points
IFRS requires that companies classify liabilities as current or noncurrent on the face of the statement of financial position (balance sheet), except in industries where a presentation based on liquidity would be considered to provide more useful information (such as financial institutions). When current liabilities (also called short-term liabilities) are presented, they are generally presented in order of liquidity.
Under IFRS, liabilities are classified as current if they are expected to be paid within 12 months.
Companies sometimes show liabilities before assets. Also, they will sometimes show long-term liabilities before current liabilities.
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Key Points
Under IFRS, companies sometimes will net current liabilities against current liabilities to show working capital on the face of the statement of financial position. (This is evident in the Zetar financial statements in Appendix C.)
Under GAAP, some contingent liabilities are recorded in the financial statements, others are disclosed, and in some cases no disclosure is required. Unlike GAAP, IFRS reserves the use of the term contingent liability to refer only to possible obligations that are not recognized in the financial statements but may be disclosed if certain criteria are met.
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Key Points
For those items that GAAP would treat as recordable contingent liabilities, IFRS instead uses the term provisions. Provisions are defined as liabilities of uncertain timing or amount. Examples of provisions would be provisions for warranties, employee vacation pay, or anticipated losses. Under IFRS, the measurement of a provision related to a uncertain obligation is based on the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation.
IFRS and GAAP separate plans into defined benefit and defined contribution. The IASB and FASB are working on a joint project on pensions that will dramatically change the approach used by both.
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Looking to the Future
The FASB and IASB are currently involved in two projects, each of
which has implications for the accounting for liabilities. One
project is investigating approaches to differentiate between debt
and equity instruments. The other project, the elements phase of
the conceptual framework project, will evaluate the definitions of
the fundamental building blocks of accounting. The results of
these projects could change the classification of many debt and
equity securities.
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Which of the following is false?
a) Under IFRS, current liabilities must always be presented
before non-current liabilities.
b) Under IFRS, an item is a current liability if it will be paid
within the next 12 months.
c) Under IFRS, current liabilities are shown in order of
liquidity.
d) Under IFRS, a liability is only recognized if it is a present
obligation.
IFRS Self-Test Questions
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Under IFRS, a contingent liability is:
a) disclosed in the notes if certain criteria are met.
b) reported on the face of the financial statements if certain
criteria are met.
c) the same as a provision.
d) not covered by IFRS.
IFRS Self-Test Questions
11-59
Under IFRS, obligations related to warranties are considered:
a) contingent liabilities.
b) provisions.
c) possible obligations.
d) None of these.
IFRS Self-Test Questions
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