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Nanotechnology:Occupational Safety & Health

Reviewing the State of Affairs

Donald H. Ewert

EHSS Services Director; Reddwall Solutions

Secretary; AIHA Nanotechnology Working Group

Industrial Hygienist

Nanotechnology: Occupational Safety & Health


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Delivering Systems & Support

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Molecular nanotechnology is the

capability to build or modify any

material object by adding orremoving individual atoms under

complete external control(The Future of Molecular Nanotechnology; Mike Deering)

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Delivering Systems & SupportNanotechnology: Occupational Safety & Health


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NIOSHFilling a Critical Leadership Role

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National Institute for Occupational Safety & HealthContributions to Nanotechnology Safety & Health

- NIOSH is at the forefront of U.S. research to understand the occupational

health implications of nanomaterials.

- NIOSH offers interim guidelines for working with nanomaterials, consistent

with the best scientific knowledge.

- NIOSH provides a global online Library on nanomaterials as a working

resource for researchers and others.

- NIOSH publishes new findings and recommendations as its researchadvances.

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National Institute for Occupational Safety & HealthMajor Programs & Initiatives

- Nanotechnology and Workplace Safety & Health Topic Page- Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology

- Strategic Plan for NIOSH Nanotechnology Research- Top Ten Critical Nanotechnology EHS Topic Areas

- Nanoparticle Information Library

- Progress Toward Safe Nanotechnology in the Workplace

- NIOSH Strategic Partnerships

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National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health

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NIOSH is participating in an international

effort of research groups, government

agencies and industries seeking to

understand the health impact of

nanotechnology and how to control

potential risks. NIOSH is pursuing a

number of initiatives, including:

Studying the mechanisms leading to

nanoparticle toxicity.

Developing and testing methods to

characterize and monitor the health related

properties of nanomaterials.

Investigating nanoparticle exposure and

ways of controlling exposure in the

workplace.



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- Nanotechnology and Workplace Safety & Health Topic Page

- Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology

- Strategic Plan for NIOSH Nanotechnology Research- Top Ten Critical Nanotechnology EHS Topic Areas




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This document reviews what is currently

known about nanoparticle toxicity and

control, but it is only a starting point.

The document serves as a request fromNIOSH to occupational safety and

health practitioners, researchers,

product innovators and manufacturers,

employers, workers, interest group

members, and the general public to

exchange information that will ensurethat no worker suffers material

impairment of safety or health as

nanotechnology develops. Opportunities

to provide feedback and information are

available throughout this document.



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- Strategic Plan for NIOSH Nanotechnology Research- Top Ten Critical Nanotechnology EHS Topic Areas- Nanoparticle Information Library



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The strategic plan provides a guide for

building a research effort capable of

responding to the challenges of this

emerging technology. It represents atimely research agenda and will evolve

as new information becomes available

and a more thorough scientific

understanding about nanotechnology

develops. The strategic plan describes

a multi-dimensional research agenda. Itaddresses what NIOSH is doing

internally and externally to lead the

occupational safety and health

community collaboratively in

nanotechnology research.

Strategic Plan for NIOSH

Nanotechnology

ResearchFilling the Knowledge Gaps

September 28, 2005

Nanotechnology Research Program

National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health

Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention



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National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health1) Understand and prevent work-related injuries and illnesses possiblycaused by nanoparticles / nanomaterials:

- To achieve this goal, there is a need to determine the toxicity of

nanomaterials, identify possible health effects from the early uses of thesematerials, and monitor the on-going health of individuals working with

nanomaterials.

- Research will be conducted to develop and validate methods of exposure

assessment.

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National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health2) Conduct research to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses byapplying nanotechnology products:

- To achieve this goal, the properties unique to nanotechnology will be used to

investigate and develop nanotechnology-based alternative solutions andstudy the possible health effects of nanomaterials.

- Research will be conducted using nanomaterials, sensing and communicating

nanodevices, and nanomachinery.

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National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health3) Promote healthy workplaces through interventions, recommendations,and capacity building:

- To achieve this goal, there is a need to develop and evaluate engineering

controls, personal protective equipment, and guidance on safe handling ofnanomaterials. There is also a need to identify and improve safety issues in

the workplace.

- Once adequate guidance is developed, NIOSH will disseminate the

information to a broad audience and efforts will be made to incorporate it into

training programs and existing safety and health systems.

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4) Enhance global workplace safety and health through internationalcollaboration on nanotechnology:

- To achieve this goal, there is a need to grow existing national and

international partnerships and establish new partnerships to identify researchneeds, approaches, and results to ensure the safety and health of workers.

- Solid partnerships will allow for the development and dissemination of

information and education to workers and occupational health and safety

professionals.

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Major Programs & Initiatives



- Strategic Plan for NIOSH Nanotechnology Research- Top Ten Critical Nanotechnology EHS Topic Areas- Nanoparticle Information Library



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NIOSH has identified 10 critical topic

areas to guide in addressing knowledge

gaps, developing strategies, and

providing recommendations.

Each topic provides a brief description

of the research that NIOSH is

conducting in the area of

nanotechnology and the applications

and implications of nanomaterials in theworkplace.

CRITICAL

OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTHISSUES ARISING FROM

NANOTECHNOLOGY



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Toxicity and Internal Dose

- Investigating and determining the physical and chemical properties (ex: size,

shape, solubility) that influence the potential toxicity of nanoparticles

- Evaluating short and long-term effects that nanomaterials may have in organ

systems and tissues (ex: lungs)

- Determining biological mechanisms for potential toxic effects

- Creating and integrating models to assist in assessing possible hazards

- Determining if a measure other than mass is more appropriate for determiningtoxicity

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Risk Assessment

- Determining the likelihood that current exposure-response data (human

or animal) could be used in identifying and assessing potential

occupational hazards

- Developing a framework for evaluating potential hazards and predicting

potential occupational risk of exposure to nanomaterials.

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Epidemiology & Surveillance

- Evaluating existing epidemiological workplace studies where nanomaterials

are used

- Identifying knowledge gaps where epidemiological studies could advance

understanding of nanomaterials and evaluating the likelihood of conducting

new studies

- Integrating nanotechnology health and safety issues into existing hazard

surveillance methods and determining whether additional screening methods

are needed

- Using existing systems to share data and information about nanotechnology

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Engineering Controls and PPE

- Evaluating the effectiveness of engineering controls in reducing

occupational exposures to nanoaerosols and developing new controls

where needed

- Evaluating and improving current personal protective equipment

- Developing recommendations to prevent or limit occupational

exposures (ex: respirator fit testing)

- Evaluating suitability of control banding techniques where additionalinformation is needed; and evaluating the effectiveness of alternative

materials

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Measurement Methods

- Evaluating methods of measuring mass of respirable particles in the air

and determining if this measurement can be used to measure

nanomaterials

- Developing and field-testing practical methods to accurately measure

airborne nanomaterials in the workplace

- Developing testing and evaluation systems to compare and validate

sampling instruments

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Exposure Assessment

- Determining key factors that influence the production, dispersion,

accumulation, and re-entry of nanomaterials into the workplace

- Assessing possible exposure when nanomaterials are inhaled or settle on theskin

- Determining how possible exposures differ by work process

- Determining what happens to nanomaterials once they enter the body

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Fire and Explosion Safety

- Identifying physical and chemical properties that contribute to dustiness,

combustibility, flammability, and conductivity of nanomaterials.

- Recommending alternative work practices to eliminate or reduce workplaceexposures to nanoparticles.

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Recommendations & Guidance

- Using the best available science to make interim recommendations for

workplace safety and health practices during the production and use of

nanomaterials- Evaluating and updating occupational exposure limits for mass-based

airborne particles to ensure good continuing precautionary practices

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Communication & Education

- Establishing partnerships to allow for identification and sharing of research

needs, approaches, and results

- Developing and disseminating training and educational materials to workersand health and safety professionals

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Applications

- Identifying uses of nanotechnology for application in occupational safety and

health

- Evaluating and disseminating effective applications to workers andoccupational safety and health professionals

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- Strategic Plan for NIOSH Nanotechnology Research

- Top Ten Critical Nanotechnology EHS Topic Areas

- Nanoparticle Information Library- Progress Toward Safe Nanotechnology in the Workplace


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The web-based Nanoparticle

Information Library (NIL) helps

occupational health professionals,

industrial users, worker groups, andresearchers organize and share

information on nanomaterials, including

their health and safety-associated

properties.

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Nanoparticle Information Library

The information that NIOSH has incorporated into the searchable online database

includes:

- Nanomaterial composition

- Method of production

- Particle size, surface area, and morphology (included scanning, transmission,

or other electron micrographic images)

- Demonstrated or intended applications of the nanomaterial

- Availability for research or commercial applications

- Associated or relevant publications

- Points of contact for additional details or partnering

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N t h l O ti l S f t & H lth

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- Progress Toward Safe Nanotechnology in the Workplace- NIOSH Strategic Partnerships

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This document is a report of the

progress of the NIOSH Nanotechnology

Research Center (NTRC) since its

inception in 2004 through 2006. Using

only internally redirected resources, theNTRC has begun to make contributions

to all the steps in the continuum from

hazard identification to risk

management.




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