1.1 ap 1 lab language of anatomy
TRANSCRIPT
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What is the
AnatomicalPosition
Subject stands erect Feet flat on floor Arms at sides Chin parallel to floor Palms, eyes & face
facing forward
facing the observer
This is standard
frame of reference foranatomicaldescriptions &dissections
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Sagittal section
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Frontal section
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Transverse section
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Parietal peritoneum
Liver
Stomach
Large intestine
Urinary bladder
Peritoneal cavity
Rectum
Small intestine
Greater omentum
Diaphragm
Pancreas
Duodenum
Serosae
Visceralperitoneum
Dorsalmesentery
Lesser
omentum
Cut/plane?
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Anterior
Posterior
2nd lumbar vertebra
Fat
Kidney
Parietal peritoneum
Liver
Back muscles
Spinal cord
Aorta
Peritoneal cavity
Dorsal mesentery
Intestine
Renal veinand artery
Inferiorvena cava
Visceralperitoneum (serosa)
Omentum or otherventral mesentery
Cut/plane?
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(a) (b)
Stomach
10th rib
Anterior
superiorspine
Rightupper
quadrant
Leftupper
quadrant
Rightlower
quadrant
Leftlower
quadrant
Quadrants
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Subcostal line
Inguinal region (l/r )
10th rib
LiverGallbladder
Urethra
(c) (d)
HypochondriacRegion (l/r)
Hypogastricregion
Umbilicalregion
Epigastricregion
LumbarRegion (l/r)
Intertubercularline
Midclavicularline
LargeintestineSmallintestine
Urinarybladder
Regions of the Body
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Cranial cavity
Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominalcavity
Pelviccavity
(a) Left lateral view
Vertebral canal
Cavities of the Body
Dorsal
cavity
Ventralcavity
Abdominopelviccavity
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Abdominopelvic cavity:
Mediastinum
Diaphragm
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity
Thoracic cavity:
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
(b) Anterior view
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Lung
Diaphragm
(b) Pleurae
Parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
Visceral pleura
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Directional terms: are used to describe therelationship of one body structure to another. Termscan be found in contrasting pairs such as:
Superior & inferior Anterior/ventral & posterior/dorsal
Medial & lateral Proximal & distal Ipsilateral & contralateral Superficial & deep Parietal & visceral Cephalic & caudal Intermediate
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Directional terms:
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Other helpful terms to be familiar with:
i). Medullary
ii). Corticaliii). Apicaliv). Basal
v). Lumenvi). Endo-vii). Epi-viii). Peri-ix). Hyperx). Hypo
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A-
Anatomical terms to knowAnatomical Names Common Names
Cephalic Head
Otic Ear
Oral Mouth
Orbital Eye
Buccal Cheek
Mental Chin
Glabella Forehead
Cervical Neck
Nuchal/nape Back of neck
Acromial Shoulders
Axillary Armpit Brachial Arm
Olecranal Elbow
Antecubital Front of elbow
Antebrachial Forearm
Carpals Wrist
Anatomical Names Common Names
Manual Hand
Pollex Thumb
Palmar Palm
Phalanges/digits Fingers
Mammary Breast
Umbilical Navel
Inguinal Groin
Lumbar Lower back
Gluteal Buttocks
Patellar Knee
Popiteal Back of knee
Sural Calf / posterior legCrural Leg
Tarsal Ankle
Pedal Foot
Calcaneal Heel
Hallux Big-toe
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Anatomical Terms
McGraw -Hill Companies/Joe DeGrandis, photographer
Upper limb:
Lower limb:
Acromial r.(shoulder)
Axill ary r. (armpit)
Brachial r. (arm)
Cubital r. (elbow)
Antebrachial r.(forearm)
Carpal r. (wrist)
Palmar r. (palm)
Coxal r. (hip)
Patel lar r. (knee)
Cephalic r. (head)
Facia l r. (face)
Cervical r. (neck)Thoracic r. (chest):
Lower limb:
Dorsum
Mons pubis
External genitalia:PenisScrotum
Sternal r.Pectoral r.
Umbilical r.
Abdominal r.
Inguinal r. (groin)
Pubic r.:
Femora l r. (thigh)
Crural r. (leg)
Tarsal r. (ankle)
Peda l r. (foot):
Plantar surface(sole)
Testes
(b) Anterior (ventral)(a) Anterior (ventral)
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(c) Posterior (dorsal) (d) Posterior (dorsal)
Dorsum of hand
Cranial r.
Nuchal r.
(back of neck)
Interscapular r.
Scapular r.
Vertebral r.
Lumbar r.Sacral r.
Gluteal r.(buttock)
Perineal r.Femoral r.
Popliteal r.
Crural r.
Tarsal r.
Calcaneal r.(heel)
McGraw -Hill Companies/Joe DeGrandis, photographer
Anatomical Terms
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Integumentary system
Principal organs:Skin, hair , nails,cutaneous glands
Principal functions:Protection, water retention,thermoregulation, vitaminD synthesis, cutaneous
sensation, nonverbalcommunication
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Skeletal system
Principal organs:Bones, cartilages,ligaments
Principal functions:Support, movement,protective enclosure of
viscera, blood formation,electrolyte and acid basebalance
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Principal organs:Skeletal muscles
Principal functions:Movement, stability ,communication, controlof body openings, heat
production
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Lymphatic system
Principal organs:Lymph nodes,lymphatic vessels,thymus, spleen, tonsils
Principal functions:Recovery of excess
tissue fluid, detection ofpathogens, productionof immune cells, defenseagainst disease
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Respiratory system
Principal organs:Nose, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi, lungs
Principal functions:Absorption of oxygen,discharge of carbondioxide, acid basebalance, speech
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Urinary system
Principal organs:Kidneys, ureters, urinarybladder, urethra
Principal functions:Elimination of wastes;regulation of blood
volume and pressure;stimulation of red bloodcell formation; controlof fluid, electrolyte,and acid-base balance;detoxification
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Endocrine system
Principal organs:Pituitary gland,pineal gland, thyroid gland,parathyroid glands, thymus,adrenal glands, pancreas,testes, ovaries
Principal functions:Hormone production;internal chemicalcommunication andcoordination
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Circulatory system
Principal organs:Heart, blood vessels
Principal functions:Distribution of nutrients,oxygen, wastes,hormones, electrolytes,
heat, immune cells,and antibodies;fluid, electrolyte, andacid-base balance
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Digestive system
Principal organs:Teeth, tongue, salivaryglands, esophagus,stomach, small and largeintestines, liver, gallbladder,pancreas
Principal functions:Nutrient breakdown and
absorption. Liver functionsinclude metabolism ofcarbohydrates, lipids,proteins, vitamins, andminerals; synthesis ofplasma proteins; disposalof drugs, toxins, andhormones; and cleansingof blood.
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Male reproductive system
Principal organs:Testes, epididymides,spermatic ducts, seminalvesicles, prostate gland,bulbourethral glands,penis
Principal functions:
Production and deliveryof sperm; secretion ofsex hormones
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Female reproductive system
Principal organs:Ovaries, uterine tubes,uterus, vagina, mammaryglands
Principal functions:Production of eggs; siteof fertilization and fetaldevelopment; fetalnourishment; birth;lactation; secretion ofsex hormones
Fig. A.12 Copyright The McGraw -Hill Companies Inc Permission required f or reproduc tion or display
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Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required f or reproduc tion or display.
Platysma
Clavicle
Deltoid m.
Pectoralis major m.
Breast
Biceps brachii m.
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius m.
Femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Rectus femoris m.
Umbilicus
Mons pubis
Gracilis m.
Adductor longus m.
Trapezius m.
Cephalic v.
External abdominaloblique m.
Tensor fasciae latae m.
Vastus late ralis m.
Sheath of rectusabdominis m.
Anter ior superiorspine of ilium
Fig. A.13 Copyrig ht The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. P ermission req uired for reproduction or display.
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Copy g t e cG aw Co pa es, c. e sso eq u ed o ep oduct o o d sp ay.
Scrotum
Greater omentum
Liver
SternumClavicle
Omohyoid m.
Lung
Pleura
Pericardium
Diaphragm
Stomach
Gallbladder
Urinary bladder
Femoral n.Femoral a.Femoral v.
Penis
Commoncarotid a.
Sub-scapularis m.Coraco-brachialis m.
Largeintestine
Internal jugular v.External j ugular v.
Internal
intercostal mm.
Externalintercostal mm.
Costalcartilages
External abdominaloblique m.Internal abdominaloblique m.Transverse abdominal m.
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Copyrig ht The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. P ermission req uired for reproduction or display.
Rectus femoris m.
Pectineus m.
Smal l intestine
Thyroid cartilage of larynx
Thyroid gland
Subclavian a.
Heart
Gracilis m.
Adductor longus m.
Adductor magnus m.
Peni s (cut)
Epididymis
Scrotum
Cecum
Appendix
Brachial nerve plexus
Lobes of lung
HumerusBrachial a.
Axillary a.
StomachSpleen
Aortic arch
Superior venacavaCoraco-brachialis m.
Tensor fasciae latae m.
Ductusdeferens
Largeintestine
Brachio-cephalic v.Subclavian v.
Axillary v.
Cephal ic v.Brachial v.
Testis
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Adductor brevis m.
Kidney
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Spleen
Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
Esophagus
Pleural cavity
Bronchus
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cavaSplenic a.
Sartorius m. (cut)Urinary bladder
Duodenum
Ureter
Common iliac a.
Pectineus m.
Gracilis m.
Adductor longus m.
Uterine tube
Ovary
Uterus
Adductorlongus m. (cut)
Vastus intermedius m.
Rectusfemoris m. (cut)
Tensor fasciaelatae m. (cut)
Inferiormesenteric a.
Superiormesenteric a.
Lung
(sectioned)
Trachea
Superior mesenteric v .
Hepatic vv.
Vastus medialis m.Vastus lateralis m.
Copyrig ht The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. P ermission req uired for reproduction or display.
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Adductor brevis m.
Adductor magnus m.Urethra
Vagina
Rectum
Sacrum
Brim of pelvis
Lumbar vertebra
Abdominal aorta
Esophagus
Diaphragm
Thoracic aorta
Iliac crest
Ilium
Left subclavian a.
Ribs
Psoas major m.
Right common carotid a.
Right subclavian a.
Brachiocephalic trunk
Intervertebral disc
Iliacus m.
Gluteus medius m.
Gracilis m.
Femur
Adductor longus m.
Externalintercostal m.
Internalintercostal m.
Quadratuslumborum m.
Left commoncarotid a .
Anterior superiorspine of ilium
Inside the Cadaver
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Sigmoid colon
Descending colonCecum
Mesentery
Small intestine
Gallbladder
Diaphragm
Lung
Mesentericarteries and veins
Transverse colon
Inside the Cadaver
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