1.1

CSC 102ICT II

IntroductionIntroduction

1.2

• Getting to know each other

• Our expectations

• About CSC 102

Introduction

1.3

Introduction (cont)

• College:– e-mail: theo_christopher@hotmail.com– web address: www.ctleuro.ac.cy

• Personal:– web address:

www.theodoroschristophides.yolasite.com

1.4

Introduction (cont)

• Syllabus

• Books

• Library

• Lab

• Attendance & admittance to class

• Exams and tests

• Classroom behavior

1.5

Introduction (cont)

• Books:– Purchase the recommended book

– Kept it to a min of one– They are the most recent publications and editions so that they can last a

few years– Will be used for reference in the future

– Read the further reading books

• Library:– Use library facilities – books, magazines, journals– Connect to other electronic libraries (Infotrack)– Librarian will show students how to use these facilities– The CTL web page has links to electronic libraries

1.6

Introduction (cont)

• Attendance:– I take it personally– Allowed up to 40% of absences per semester (17 not allowed to take the test)– Absence: let instructor know ahead of time – call or e-mail– Late arrivals:

– after 15’ you get L– 2 L = 1 absence– No admittance if very late

– During tests and exams, you are expected to arrive a few minutes early. No late arrivals.

• Exams:– Closed book, closed notes– Material will be taken from both the text book, additional material provided (articles) and lecture– No make up exams are allowed unless there is proof of illness

• Classroom behavior:– Mobiles– Food & drinks– Smoking

1.7

SPREADSHEETS

1.8

First Steps with Spreadsheets

1.9

Spreadsheets

• Computer programs that let you create and manipulate tables with data

• A table of values arranged in rows and columns. Each value sits in a cell.

• Each value can have a predefined relationship to the other values

1.10

Spreadsheets (cont)

• Cell: a box in which you can enter a single piece of data. The data is usually text, a numeric value, or a formula.

• Row: a horizontal row of cells• Column: a vertical row of cells

• The current cell address is displayed in the address box• You can define what type of data is in each cell and how different

cells depend on one another. • The relationships between cells are called formulas• The names of the cells are called labels• You move around in the spreadsheet by clicking a cell with the

mouse or using the tab or arrow keys

1.11

Data

What does naming a cell range mean?• We have seen that cells can be referred to by their location references:

- For single cells C1 AA23 IV16 A1

- For a range of contiguous cellsA1:A6 B3:X3 B16:F20

- For a range of non-contiguous cellsA2,F6,H2 B7,D2:D8,F4:H7,R5

• It is also possible to name cells and ranges so that they can be referred to using meaningful names, such as ‘sales’.

It is much easier to understand a formula such as:=unit_price*no_of_units

than a formula of the type shown below.=A9*B84

1.12

Opening & Closing Excel

• Starting Excel using the Windows Start menu

– Click on the Start icon to display the Start menu and then move the mouse pointer onto All Programs.

– From the sub-menu select Microsoft Excel.

• Closing Excel

– From the File menu, select Exit

– OR press Alt+F4

– OR click on the Excel Close icon (top-right of the Excel program window)

1.13

Closing a Workbook

• From the File menu, select Close.

1.14

Opening One or More Workbooks

• You can select and open files one at a time, or your can open many files at the same time by clinking on the OPEN icon which will display the file Open dialog box.

1.15

Creating a New Workbook

• Click on the New icon located within the Standard toolbar (or press Ctrl+N). – A new workbook will be displayed on your screen.

1.16

Saving a Workbook

• Click on the Save icon and you will see the Save As dialog box.

1.17

Saving a Workbook Using a Different Name

• Click on the File drop down menu and then select the Save As command. – The Save As dialog box will be displayed.

• Enter the new file name in the File name text box

• Click on the Save button.

1.18

Saving a Workbook Using a Different File Format/Type

1.19

Switching Between Worksheets and Between Workbooks

You just click with your mouse in the bellow worksheet and the worksheet will display.

You just click with your mouse in the bellow workbook from the start bar and the workbook will display. Or you can click on the WINDOW drop down menu, and you will see workbooks listed as illustrated.

1.20

Adjusting Settings

1.21

Using Zoom

1.22

Displaying & Hiding Toolbars

• Select the TOOLBARS command from the VIEW menu to display the Toolbars drop down menu

1.23

Freezing & Unfreezing Row and/or Column Titles

• To Freeze Panes– From the Window menu, select Freeze Panes.

• To Unfreeze Panes– From the Window menu, select Unfreeze Panes.

1.24

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles

To freeze column titles• In the example illustrated below, we have column titles, which in this case, are the months of the

year, and row titles, which relate to ‘stock numbers’. The main data area displays the number of each stock type sold in a particular month:

• If we scroll down the page we would soon see the following. As you can see the column titles are no longer visible (see next slide):

1.25

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles (cont)

To freeze column titles (cont)

• To correct this we could do the following:• Select row 2, as illustrated:

1.26

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles (cont)

To freeze column titles (cont)• Click on the Window drop down menu and select the Freeze

Panes command. The screen will change as illustrated. You will notice a line below the column titles, as illustrated:

• If you scroll down the page, as illustrated below, the column titles will remain visible:

1.27

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles (cont)

To freeze row titles• Following on from the last example, we can unfreeze the column titles (by clicking on

the Window drop down menu and selecting the Unfreeze Panes command.

• If we now scroll to the right, we will see the following. The row titles are no longer visible:

• To freeze the row titles, we need to select column B, as illustrated:

1.28

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles (cont)

To freeze row titles (cont)• Click on the Window drop down menu and select the Freeze Panes command. The

screen will change as illustrated. You will notice a line to the right of the row titles, as illustrated:

• To freeze the row titles, we need to select column B, as illustrated:

1.29

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles (cont)

To freeze row titles (cont)• If we now scroll to the right, the row titles will remain visible, as illustrated:

1.30

Display Freezing Row and /or Column Titles (cont)

To freeze row and column titles at the same time• Following on from the last example, we can unfreeze the row titles (by clicking on the Window drop

down menu and selecting the Unfreeze Panes command).• Click on cell B2, and then click on the Window drop down menu and select the Freeze Panes

command:

• The screen will change as illustrated. You will notice a line below the column titles, and a line to the right of the row titles:

1.31

Modifying Basic Options

TO SET THE USER NAME:

Enter your name in the USER NAME section of the dialog Box.

TO SET THE DEAFAULT FOLDER:

Enter the path to the directory which you wish to set up as the default directory in the DEFAULT FILE LOCATION section of the dialog box.

1.32

Cells

1.33

Inserting Data

1.34

Entering a Number, a Date or Text into a Cell

• Entering text and numbers– Click on a cell and type and then press enter or

click in any other cell.

• Entering today's date and time– Enter the date into a cell B2 by pressing Ctrl+;– Enter the date into a cell B by pressing Ctrl+:

1.35

Selecting Cells

1.36

Selecting Cells

• Make sure that you know how:– To select a cell (just click on the cell)– To select non-adjacent cells (using the CTRL key, you click in the first

cell and then the other cell and after you release the CTRL key)– To select a range of cells (by dragging the mouse)– To select a range of adjacent cells (making up a rectangular block by

using SHIFT key)– To select an entire worksheet (click the SELECT ALL icon or the

keystroke CTRL+A)– To select several worksheets (using the CTRL key in any worksheet you

want)– To select all worksheets (right click in one worksheet and then SELECT

ALL SHEETS)

1.37

Selecting Rows

• Make sure that you know how:– To select a row (click on the row heading number)

– To select a range of adjacent rows (using SHIFT key)

– To select a range of non-adjacent rows (using the CTRL key, you click in the first cell and then the other cell and after you release the CTRL key)

1.38

Selecting Columns

• Make sure that you know how:– To select a column (click on the column heading

letter)– To select a range of adjacent columns (using SHIFT

key)– To select a range of non-adjacent columns (using

the CTRL key, you click in the first cell and then the other cell and after you release the CTRL key)

1.39

Rows and Columns

1.40

Inserting Rows and Columns

• To insert a row into a worksheet– Select the row you want to move down when the new row is inserted

above it.– Right click over the selected row(s) to display a pop-up menu.– Select Insert.

• To insert a column into a worksheet– Select the column you want to move to the right when the new row is

inserted.– Right click over the selected column(s) to display a pop-up menu.– Select Insert.

1.41

Deleting Rows and Columns

• Select the row(s) or column(s) you wish to delete.

• Right click on a selected row or column and choose Delete from the pop-up menu.

1.42

Modifying Column Widths and Row Heights

• To change the width of a column– Find the right-hand border of the column you wish to change and follow it to the

top of the worksheet into the area of the column heading. When the mouse pointer is moved in this area, it changes to a thick crosshair.

– Click on the right-hand column heading border and drag the mouse to the left to reduce the column, or to the right to increase the column size.

– If you want to set specific width just right click on the heading letter of the column and from the dialog box click column width and set the width you want.

• To change the height of a row– Select the row(s) you wish to change.

– From the Format menu, select Row and choose Height from the Format Row menu. Enter the value you want (from 0-409) in the Row Height text box.

– If you want to set specific height just right click on the heading number of the row and from the dialog box click row height and set the height you want.

1.43

Editing Data

1.44Inserting Additional Cell Content, or Replacing/Modifying Existing Cell

Content

• You can edit existing text within a cell or select it and overtype it.• Or you can click in the editing bar towards the top of your screen

where you will see the contents of the selected cell displayed, and then make your changes.

• Or double click on the cell you want to make the changes and then type directly.

1.45

Using the Undo & Redo Commands

• To undo a command– Click the Undo icon on the Standard toolbar– OR select Undo from the Edit menu– OR press Ctrl+Z.

• To redo a command– Click the Redo icon on the Standard toolbar.

1.46

Copying, Moving & Deleting

1.47Copying the Contents of a Cell Range Within Worksheets and Between

Workbooks

• You can use copy or cut after you select the row/s or the column/s or the cell/s or the worksheets which you want.

• Use the normal Windows Clipboard copy and paste techniques.

• Use the keystrokes CTRL+C (copy) CTRL+V (paste) and CTRL+X (cut)

1.48

Using AutoFill

1.49

Deleting Cell Contents

• To delete the contents of a cell or range– Select the cell or range that

you want to delete.– Press the Delete key.

1.53

Sorting Data

1.54

Sorting a Cell Range

•Click on the DATA drop down menu and select SORT command.

•Or using the icons from the standard toolbar

1.55

Worksheets

1.56

Handling Worksheets

1.57

Inserting a New Worksheet

• Right click on the worksheet that you wish to insert a new worksheet in front of.

• From the popup menu displayed, select Insert, as illustrated.• Then click Worksheet• Then ok

1.58

Renaming a Worksheet

• Right click on the worksheet tab that you wish to rename. From the popup menu displayed select the Rename command and then type the name you want and after press enter.

1.59

Deleting a Worksheet

• Click on the relevant worksheet tab with the right-hand mouse button.

• Select Delete from the popup menu displayed.

1.60

Copying a Worksheet within a Workbook or Between Workbooks

Right click on the worksheet. From the dialog box CLICK MOVE OR COPY command.

1.61

Formulas and Functions

1.62

Arithmetic Formulas

1.63

Generating Formulas

• To enter formulas into the worksheet cell

– Place the cursor in the cell where the formula will appear.

– Enter an = (equal) sign.

– Enter the expression that will produce the result you want. This can consist of operands, values, variables, and symbols which represent mathematical procedures such as A5+E5.

– Then press ENTER

1.64

Standard Error Values Associated with Using Formulas

• If you have any mistake in the formula you will see the following common error messages!

1.65

Cell Referencing

1.66

Relative, Mixed & Absolute Cell Referencing in Formulas

• Use the dollar symbol ($) to indicate absolute addressing

• To enter formulas into the worksheet cell– Place the cursor in the cell where the formula will appear.– Enter an = (equal) sign.– Enter the expression that will produce the result you want.

This can consist of operands, values, variables, and symbols which represent mathematical procedures such as $A$5+$E$5.

– Then press ENTER

$

1.67

Working with Functions

1.68

FUNCTIONS

• A Function allows you to calculate a result. When you want to use the function command, first you should click on the cell that you want to calculate the function and then the command fx (appears on the left top side). Then you choose the function.

1.69

Functions

What is the 'Insert Function’ utility?• Excel contains an Insert Function utility, which assists you in selecting the functions

you need. To access this utility, simply click on the Insert Function icon, which is located to the left of the Formula Bar:

• This will display the Insert Function dialog box:

1.70

Functions (cont)

What is the 'Insert Function’ utility? (cont)• To view all functions, select All in the Or select a category section of the dialog box. Then, scroll

down the Select a function section to choose the required function. Click on the OK button when the desired function has been selected.

• If you are not sure exactly which function you need to perform a particular task, you can ask the Function Wizard for assistance. Simply type a query into the Search for a function field in the Insert Function dialog box, and the wizard will compile a list of possible functions that you may wish to use, as illustrated below. You can then make your selection:

1.71

Functions (cont)

To use the Insert Function to enter a function• Select the cell where you want the formula to appear.• Let's say we wish to average a column of numbers. In this case, the active cell is A5:

• Click the Insert Function icon on the Formula bar to display the Insert Function dialog box.

• From this we select the AVERAGE function:

1.72

Functions (cont)

To use the Insert Function to enter a function (cont)• When you click on the OK button to continue, the following dialog box is displayed:

• As you can see the range A1:A4 has been automatically inserted into the Number 1 field of the dialog box.• Click on the OK button and the result will be displayed in cell A5. Notice that the formula is also displayed in the Formula bar, as illustrated:

1.73

Functions (cont)

Using the mouse to enter information into the Function Wizard

• In the example describing how to generate the average of a column of numbers, the range of numbers to be averaged was automatically selected. This was because we were inserting the function into a cell directly below the column of numbers:

1.74

Functions (cont)

Using the mouse to enter information into the Function Wizard (cont)

• What if we had been trying to construct a function to average these numbers in a cell that was on an isolated part of the worksheet? In this case, the Function Wizard would not know what figures we are interested in averaging and we would have to tell it. The easy way to do this is to drag across the numbers you are interested in. Thus if the active cell had been C6 rather than A5, then the dialog would be like that shown, i.e. the Number 1 text box is empty.

• We could drag across the cells that we are interested in (with the mouse button depressed) and then when we release the button, the display would change as illustrated:

1.75

Functions (cont)

To use the TODAY function• The TODAY function returns the current date.• To have Excel automatically insert the current date into a cell, select the cell and enter the

following into the Formula bar:

=TODAY()

• Press the Enter key and the current date will be displayed in the cell. The date displayed in the cell will automatically change to match the current date.

1.76

Functions (cont)

To use the DAY function• The DAY function returns the day of the month for a date.• In the example shown cell A2 contains the following function:

=DAY(A1)

• The result of the DAY function is displayed in cell A2. The result is 28 because the date in cell A1 has a day of 28. You can also enter the date directly into the function, e.g.:

=DAY("28/01/06")

• In this case, the result would also be 28.

1.77

Functions (cont)

To use the MONTH function• The MONTH function returns the month value for a date.• In the example shown cell A3 contains the following function:

=MONTH(A1)

• The result of the MONTH function is displayed in cell A3. The result is 1 because the date in cell A1 has a month value of 1. You can also enter the date directly into the function, e.g.:

=MONTH("28/01/06")

• In this case, the result would be 1.

1.78

Functions (cont)

To use the YEAR function• The YEAR function returns the year value for a date.• In the example shown cell A2 contains the following function:

=YEAR(A1)

•  • The result of the YEAR function is displayed in cell A2. The result is 2006 because the date in cell

A1 has a year value of 2006. You can also enter the date directly into the function, e.g.:

=YEAR("28/01/06")

• In this case, the result would be 2006.

1.79

Functions (cont)

To use the ROUND function• This function allows you to round numbers that will be displayed as the result of a calculation.

NOTE: - If num_digits is > 0 then the number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places.

- If num_digits = 0 then number is rounded to the nearest integer.

- However, if num_digits is < 0 then the number is rounded to the left of the decimal point.

•  Consider the following example, we wish to divide the contents of cell A1 by A2.• We would also like to round the number of decimal places used to 1:

1.80

Functions (cont)

To use the ROUND function (cont)• First, click on a cell where you wish the result of the calculation to be displayed.• Click on the Insert Function icon, select the Round function & click OK. This will display the following dialog

box:

• In the number section of the dialog box, enter the formula A1/A2.• In the Num_digits section of the dialog box, enter 1:

1.81

Functions (cont)

To use the ROUND function (cont)• In the number section of the dialog box, enter the formula A1/A2.• In the Num_digits section of the dialog box, enter 1:

• Click on the OK button and you will see the following (or similar):

1.82

Functions (cont)

To use the ROUND function (cont)• Let's say we wished to remove all digits after the decimal point, we could click on cell C5, and

then click on the Insert Function icon.• Change the Num_digits value to 0, and click on the OK button:

• You will see the following:

1.83

Functions (cont)

To use the COUNT function• The COUNT function returns the number of cells that contain numbers within a specified range of

cells.• In the example shown the command in cell A6 is:

=COUNT(A1:A6)

• This command looks at the contents of the cells in the range A1:A6 and returns a count of the number of cells that contain a number, in this case 4.

1.84

Functions (cont)

To use the COUNTA function• The COUNTA function returns the number of cells that are not empty within a specified range of

cells.• In the example shown the command in cell A8 is:

=COUNTA(A1:A6)

• This command looks at the contents of the cells in the range A1:A6 and returns a count of the number of cells that are not empty. In this case the result is 4 even though the range covers 6 cells, as 2 of the cells (A3 & A4) are empty.

1.85

Functions (cont)

To use the COUNTIF function• The COUNTIF function returns the number of cells within a range of cells that match a specified

criterion.• In the example shown the command in cell A8 is:

=COUNTIF(A1:A6,"3")

• This command looks at the contents of the cells in the range A1:A6 and returns a count of the number of cells that contain the number 3, in this case the result is 2.

• If we had entered the command:

=COUNTIF(A1:A6,">3")

• The result would have been 1 as only one of the cells in the range contains a number that is greater than 3.

1.86

Functions (cont)

To use the PROPER function• The PROPER function is used to convert text into title case, i.e. the first letter of each word is

capitalized and all other letters are converted to lower case. The syntax for this function is:

PROPER("text")

• The text contained within the brackets is converted, for example, if you entered the following into a cell:

=PROPER("THIS is a test of the PROPER FUNCtion")

The text displayed would be:

This Is A Test Of The Proper Function

1.87

Functions (cont)

To use the UPPER function• The UPPER function is used to convert text into upper case. The syntax for this function is:

UPPER("text")

• The text contained within the brackets is converted, for example, if you entered the following into a cell:

=UPPER("THIS is a test of the UPPER FUNCtion")

The text displayed would be:

THIS IS A TEST OF THE UPPER FUNCTION

1.88

Functions (cont)

To use the LOWER function• The LOWER function is used to convert text into lower case. The syntax for this function is:

LOWER("text")

• The text contained within the brackets is converted, for example, if you entered the following into a cell:

=LOWER("THIS is a test of the LOWER FUNCTION")

The text displayed would be:

this is a test of the lower function

1.89

Functions (cont)

To use the CONCATENATE function• The CONCATENATE function is used to join text together to form one continuous string. The

syntax for this function is:

CONCATENATE (text1,text2,...)

• In the example shown the CONCATENATE function is being used to join the contents of cell A1 through A4 to form a single string of text. The cell A6 contains the following code:

=CONCATENATE(A1,”",A2,"",A3,”",A4) ΕRROR DO IT!!!!

1.90

Formulas Using Sum, Average, Minimum, Maximum & Count

• AVERAGE

• COLUMNS

• COUNT

• MAX

• MIN

• ROUND

• SUM

1.91

Formulas Using IF

• Excel has a number of functions that allow us to evaluate values and make decisions based on the result of the evaluation. The IF( ) Function is one of these.

• IF( ) Syntax– The format (Syntax) of the IF( ) function is as follows:– IF(Logical_test, Action_if_true, Action_if_false)

1.92

Formatting

1.93

Numbers and Dates

1.94

Formatting Using Specific Decimal Places and Commas

• Use the icons in the Formatting toolbar

• Select the cell or range you wish to format, then click on the FORMAT command from the MENU bar and then from the list click cell, where you will see the following dialog box

1.95

Formatting Cells Using Date Styles

You can modify the date using any type of the list

1.96

Formatting Currency

You can modify the currency using any symbol of the list and

any decimals

EX

PL

AIN

1.97

Formatting Using Percentages

1.98

Contents

1.99

Changing Cell Content Appearance

You can modify the font type and size

1.100

Text Formatting

• Select the cell or range you wish to format, then click on the FORMAT command from the MENU bar and then from the list click cell, where you will see the following dialog box

1.101

Applying Different Colours to Cell Content & Cell Background

1.102

Copying Cell Formatting

• To copy formatting using the Format Painter.– Select some text that has been previous formatted.

– Click on the Format Painter icon. You will notice that the mouse pointer shape has changed to the shape of a small painting brush.

– Select the text that you wish to copy the formatting to, and when you release the mouse button you will see that the formatting applied to the first block of text has been copied to the newly selected text.

1.103

Text Wrapping

• Select the cell or range you wish to format, then click on the FORMAT command from the MENU bar and then from the list click cell, where you will see the following dialog box where you click in the Number Tab

1.104

Alignment & Border Effects

1.105

Aligning Cell Contents

ORIENTATION

1.106

Cell Content Orientation

1.107

Border Effects

1.108

Charts

1.109

Using Charts

1.110

Charts

To use the Chart Wizard to create a chart• Select the cells you want to include in a chart. If you want to highlight a non-contiguous range, highlight the first range with the

mouse, and hold down the Ctrl key and click on any other cells.• On the Standard toolbar, click on the Chart Wizard icon.• Step 1 of the Chart Wizard dialog box is displayed.• Continue making your choices via the Chart Wizard until you reach the final step of the Chart Wizard.• Select Finish and the chart will appear on your screen. Chart Wizard icon

To quickly create a chart using default settings• Working through all the steps within the Chart Wizard can take time. If you just want to experiment with creating, modifying and

formatting charts, then when you click on the Chart Wizard icon, click on the Finish button, on the first page of the wizard. This will create a chart using the default type, i.e. Column Chart:

Chart Wizard icon

1.111

Charts (cont)

To change the angle of pie chart slices

• Create a pie chart.

• If necessary, click once on the pie chart to select it.

• Right click on the selected pie chart and from the popup menu displayed select the Format Data Series command:

• When the dialog box is displayed, select the Options tab.• You can use the Angle of first slice control to set the required

angle.• Click on the OK button to confirm your change:

1.112

Different Types of Charts

1.113

Adding a Title or Label to a Chart

1.114

Changing the Background Colour in a Chart

1.115

Changing the Column, Bar, Line or Pie Slice Colours in a Chart

1.116

Changing the Chart Type

1.117Copying or Moving Charts Within a Worksheet

or Between Workbooks

• Use the normal Windows Copy and Paste techniques

1.118

Resizing and Deleting Charts

• To re-size a chart

– Move the mouse to one of the corner selection handles (the small square black boxes) and drag and drop. The chart is re-sized in the same way that any graphic is re-sized within the Microsoft suite of applications.

• To delete a chart

– Click on the chart you wish to delete to select it and press Delete. The chart will be deleted.

1.119

Charts (cont)

To explode all the segments within a pie chart• Click once on the chart itself and only the pie chart will be selected, as illustrated:

• You will notice that each pie segment has a handle attached to it.• Click on one of the handles, and drag outwards. The effect will be as illustrated:

1.120

Charts (cont)

To delete a data series in a chart• To delete a data series from a chart, click on one of the columns (representing the data series

which you wish to remove). In the example illustrated, we clicked on the sales data for the West region:

• Press the Del key. The result will be similar to that illustrated:

1.121

Charts (cont)

To add a data series to a chart• You can select a data range on your worksheet, and drag and drop this directly into a

chart. The new data range will be displayed in the chart. In the following example, only the data for the year 2000 was initially used to construct the chart:

• If we select the data for the West region as illustrated, then drag and drop this into the chart, you will see the following:

•

1.122

Charts (cont)

To modify the chart type for a defined data series

• In this example, we have a column chart containing two data series. Click on the second data series within the chart (in the example illustrated we clicked on one of the columns, representing the data for the West sales region).

• Right click and you will see a popup menu displayed:

• From the popup menu, select Chart Type. This will display the Chart Type dialog box. Select the required chart type, and if necessary chart sub-type. In this case, select a Line chart:

1.123

Charts (cont)

To modify the chart type for a defined data series (cont)• Click on the OK button to change the chart type, as illustrated:

1.124

Charts (cont)

To widen the gap between columns / bars within a 2/3-D chart

• Create a 2/3-D column or bar chart:

• Right click on one of the columns (or bars), and from the popup menu displayed select Format Data Series. This will display a dialog box.

• Select the Options tab of the dialog box:

1.125

Charts (cont)

• To widen the gap between columns / bars within a 2/3-D chart (cont)

• Change the Overlap value to a negative value, as illustrated. When you click on the OK button, the effect will be as illustrated:

1.126

Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (as a background)• Create a 2/3-D chart.• Double click on the chart background area. This will display a dialog box. Make sure that the

Patterns tab is selected:

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Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (as a background) (cont)• Click on the Fill Effects button. This will display a further dialog box.• Select the Picture tab:

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Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (as a background) (cont)• Click on the Select Picture button, which will display another dialog box:

• Use this dialog box to navigate to the folder containing your picture. Select a picture and click on the Insert button.

• Close the other open dialog boxes, and you will then see the picture that you selected in the background of the chart area.

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Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (to format a column or bar of data)• Create a 2/3-D chart.• Double click on one of the bars or columns. This will display a dialog box.• Make sure that the Patterns tab is selected:

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Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (to format a column or bar of data) (cont)• Click on the Fill Effects button. This will display a further dialog box.• Select the Picture tab:

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Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (to format a column or bar of data) (cont)• Click on the Select Picture button, which will display another dialog box:

• Use this dialog box to navigate to the folder containing your picture. Select a picture and click on the Insert button.

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Charts (cont)

To insert an image into a 2/3-D chart (to format a column or bar of data) (cont)

• You can then decide how the picture will be stacked and scaled within your column or bar. In the example shown, we selected the Stack and scale to button within this dialog box:

• Close the other open dialog boxes, and you will then see the picture that you selected making up the bar or column. The result will resemble that illustrated (where we inserted a picture of a 'smiley face' into the columns):

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Preparing Outputs

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Worksheet Setup

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Changing Worksheet Margins

To modify margin values go to FILE and then PAGE SET UP. If you go to MARGINS tab you can see the following dialog box.

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Changing Worksheet Orientation and Paper Size

To modify page values go to FILE and then PAGE SET UP. If you go to PAGE tab you can see the following dialog box.

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Headers and Footers

To add HEADER/FOOTER go to FILE and then PAGE SET UP (or VIEW HEADER/FOOTER ). Then go to HEADER/FOOTER tab and you will see the following dialog box. You can custom the header or footer in the center or the right or the left side of your document.

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Inserting Fields into Headers

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Preparation

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Checking Calculations and Text Before Distribution (PRINT PREVIWE)

• Always check your work prior to sending it to someone else!– Do not assume that Excel knows what you

mean. • If you enter the wrong data, then Excel will use

this data and produce incorrect information. • You must ALWAYS check your spelling and do a

rough check that the calculations performed by Excel are as you intended!

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Previewing a Worksheet

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Controlling Gridline Display Plus Row and Column Headings for Printing

To modify page values go to FILE and then PAGE SET UP. If you go to PAGE tab you can see the following dialog box.

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Printing

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Printing Options

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THE END