11. energy performance - tallinn

11. Energy performance

11A. Present Situation

Please complete the following table providing the most recent data that is available:

Indicator Unit Year of data

Final Energy Consumption 8,440,945 MWh 2011

Final Energy use/capita 20,489 kWh/capita 2011

Final Energy usage /sector

Ag & Fisheries N/A

%

2011

Industry & Commercial 13.7

Transport 28.5

Domestic 39.9

Services 17.9

Other –

Total 100

Describe the present situation and development (particularly in relation to the building sector), using quantitative data and figures. Where available, information/data should be provided from previous years (5–10) to show trends. List any disadvantages resulting from historical, geographical and/or socio-economic factors which may have influenced this indicator area.

1. Present total final energy consumption by sectors (structure of energy consumption); 2. Past development of energy consumption and current plan for future energy efficiency

improvements and decreasing the use of energy, particularly for

energy performance of municipal buildings (in KWh/m2) with specific reference to city owned buildings and

important developments related to other end-use sectors besides the building sector (e.g. transport, industry production, services, public, lighting, electrical appliances food);

3. Present situation, development and current plan for the energy supply mix, particularly regarding the renewable vs non-renewable mix of energy sources during the past 10 years (for both heat, electricity and transport; expressed in KWh, MWh or GWh);

4. The current plan for integration and performance of renewable energy technology in municipal buildings and homes compared to the total energy use;

5. The development so far and the current plan of compatible and integrated district heating energy and of combined heat and power energy consumption compared to the total energy use, (expressed in KWh, MWh or GWh);

6. Application of innovative technologies (e.g. current plan for increasing the use of LED lamps in public lighting and use of green roofs/walls for energy saving).

(max. 600 words & 5 graphics, images or tables)

Tallinn joined the Covenant of Mayors in 2009. The strategic goals of the energy economy of Tallinn

have been set in the Tallinn Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011–2021 (SEAP), which was adopted

in 2011. The general goal is to reduce the impact on climate change by increasing energy efficiency and

the share of renewable energy by 20%, which will decrease CO2 emissions by 20%.

Planning and developing sustainable energy management in Tallinn is the function of Tallinn Energy

Agency, which was established in 2012. The agency also performs the obligations arising from the

Covenant of Mayors, organises research and raises the awareness of the population.

Final energy consumption in Tallinn was 9,614,253 MWh in 2007 and 8,440,945 MWh in 2011. The

majority of this comprised households and the transport sector (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Structure of final energy consumption in Tallinn by sector (2011)

Comparing final energy consumption in 2007 and 2011, the share of coal has decreased the most

(50%), followed by heating oil (34%), petrol (20%) and district heating (20%). The use of wood chip and

peat has increased considerably (457%) (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Consumption of primary fuels in heat production and transport

The specific energy consumption of municipal buildings of Tallinn per square metre of heated floor

area decreased by 8.8% from 2007–2014: from 162.7 kWh per square metre per year to 148.4 kWh per

square metre per year (Figure 3).

40%

29%

18%

14%

households

transport

services

industry

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Natural gas

Diesel fuel

Petrol

Firewood

Woodchip and peat

Heating oil for heatingbuildings and equipment

Coal

Shale oil, briquette

Liquid gas

Figure 3. Specific energy consumption of municipal buildings per square metre of heated floor area

District heating areas have been established in Tallinn where getting connected to the district heating

system is compulsory (Figure 4). Main heating networks are owned by Tallinn, but district heating in the

city is mostly supplied by AS Tallinna Küte, which covers two-thirds of Tallinn. The biggest district

heating system in Tallinn consists of 427 km of heating networks, one combined heat and power (CHP)

plant, three large and 14 small boiler houses.

The heating sector in Tallinn has been reorganised – most of the local small boiler houses have been

closed, renewable energy has been actively taken into use in new CHP plants and the citywide district

heating pipelines have been connected.

The new Tallinn Power Plant, which uses renewable energy, was launched in 2008, supporting the

supply of district heating and electricity to Tallinn. The construction of a new heating pipeline between

the eastern and western sides of Tallinn was completed in 2011 and the main district heating areas and

their networks are now connected. This connection makes it possible to take advantage of the basic load

of the district heating network and increases the share of the cheaper heat generated from biofuel at

Tallinn Power Plant (40% in 2014).

Tallinna Küte supplies heat to 3,752 buildings, which are all equipped with heat meters. Work on

including new regions in the district heating network and construction of new pipelines continues.

Tallinna Küte will invest 50 million euros in heating networks from 2014–2016. All large boiler houses in

Tallinn have had the option of using reserve fuel to natural gas since 2014, which considerably

increases the security of thermal energy supply.

140

145

150

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165

2007 2011 2012 2013 2014

kWh/m2a

Figure 4. Connected district heating network in Tallinn

Street lighting in Tallinn has undergone massive development. Replacement of 400 W mercury light

fittings with sodium ones started as early as in 1995 and almost all of them had been replaced with more

energy-saving fittings by 2001. In 2015 the city is developing a solution based on new technology: it is

creating smart city infrastructure, where 637 controllers are constantly connected to the central server in

street lighting control boards, which makes it possible to adjust the power of street lights according to

necessity and the surrounding conditions. The control system also makes it possible to detect technical

faults and save energy with the accurate timing of lighting.

1521 LED light fittings were installed in Tallinn during the reconstruction of street lighting from 2013–

2015. They help save 854,000 kW of electricity per year. Lighting in the Old Town was also

reconstructed at the beginning of 2015 and 836,856 euros was invested in this. LED technology

guarantees that consumption in the 590 light fittings in the Old Town will decrease from the initial

463,452 kW/h per year to 150,800 kW/h per year, saving 41,150 euros per year. Similar work will also

continue in the coming years.

Figure 5. New LED lighting

Tallinn has actively improved the energy performance of its bus fleet. Tallinn has 466 buses at present,

including 85 EEV buses, 26 EURO 6 buses and 7 CNG buses. Tallinn will acquire another 20 EURO 6

and 24 hybrid buses by the end of 2015. Tallinn has 70 trams and 85 trolleybuses powered by electricity.

The share of vehicles with low emissions is 40%. Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS uses green energy to

operate the new CAF trams, which comprised 10% of the energy procurement in 2015.

11B. Past Performance

Describe the measures implemented over the last five to ten years concerning energy, as a qualitative narrative. Comment on which measures have been most effective.

Make reference to:

1. Attempts to improve the energy performance (i.e. i.e. energy efficiency standards particularly of municipal buildings) above national requirements;

2. Maximising and prioritising the use of renewable energy technology (particularly in municipal buildings);

3. Measures to facilitate integrated district system solutions (e.g. cogeneration) and a more sophisticated city-wide control.

4. Measures to trigger stakeholder engagement in the City’s to improve overall energy demand performance preferably including local government institutions, local market actors and citizens; mention existing co-operations.


Approximately 50% of the residential buildings in Tallinn were built from 1960–1990 and their energy

performance is low. The share of residential buildings in total energy consumption in Estonia exceeds

40%. Insulation of buildings, modernisation of technical systems, construction of new energy-efficient

buildings and implementation of renewable energy technologies make it possible to save up to 30% of

thermal energy.

The contribution of the private sector in boosting the energy performance of buildings has increased

considerably in recent years. Environmental sustainability is also considered when office buildings are

erected: for example, the office building at Sõpruse pst 157, which was completed in 2014, was

designed on the basis of the Green Building concept.

Figure 1. Sõpruse pst 157 office building is designed as environmentally sustainable and energy efficient

Complete reconstruction of existing buildings has been the most efficient way of reducing energy

consumption. Since 2010, Tallinn has been implementing the project Fix the Facades, which helps

apartment associations make their buildings, built before 1993, more energy-efficient (insulation of

facades and roofs, replacement of doors and windows, replacement of heating and ventilation systems).

The scheme supports the associations in applying for national building renovation loans by covering the

necessary self-financing. Apartment buildings built before 1993 are the target group of the renovation

loan. The granted support amounts to 10% of the amount of the renovation loan applied for by the

association, but no more than 19,173 euros per year.

Within the scope of the Fix the Facades project, Tallinn has supported the reconstruction of 123

apartment buildings to a value of 1.709 million euros from 2010–2014 (Figures 2 and 3). The support

scheme is continuing in 2015. Altogether 268 apartment buildings with a closed net area of 0.8 million

m2 in Tallinn were renovated and made energy-efficient with the help of the national apartment building

renovation loan from 2009–2014. The total investment amounted to 44 million euros.

http://www.tallinn.ee/fassaadidkorda/

Figure 2. Apartment building before reconstruction

Figure 3. Apartment building after reconstruction

37.5 million euros from sales of CO2 quotas was invested in the reconstruction of municipal buildings

in Tallinn from 2011–2013, which helps save 3,370 MWh of energy per year. The facades and boiler

rooms of school and kindergarten buildings were mainly renovated to save energy.

The principles of energy performance have also been considered in the construction of substitute

homes, social housing units and sports buildings belonging to the city.

Five two-family and two single-family houses whose energy class is A were built from 2011–2015 for

children’s homes with the support from the European Regional Development Fund. The following

solutions were used in the buildings to achieve energy performance in replacement homes:

- the buildings have excellent thermal resistance;

- heat is produced with air-water source heat pumps and solar energy collectors;

- efficient energy recovery equipment is installed in the ventilation system;

- the best location of the buildings in respect of cardinal points was considered when the

buildings were designed;

- the use of a fireplace-stove that burns biomass is guaranteed.

In the construction of the social housing unit, energy performance and renewable energy solutions were

used for the first time in 2009, where the heat and hot water supply system were combined with solar

heating collectors, air-water source heat pumps and district heating. The building has two ventilation

systems with heat recovery.

Two social housing units with 140 beds were built from 2011–2013 with the help of the European

Regional Development Fund. Heat recovery from the ventilation extraction system and generating hot

water and heat with an air-water source pump were used in the buildings in order to achieve the required

energy performance.

In recent years, Tallinn has improved the energy performance of several sports buildings belonging to

the city. Põhja Sports Hall had its exterior walls insulated, new windows installed and its sports halls

renovated in 2009. The ventilation system, doors and windows of Kadaka Sports Hall were replaced and

its roof was insulated during renovations. Another 62,141 euros was allocated with the first

supplementary budget for 2012, which was used to connect the sports hall to the district heating

network.

The heat and hot water supply of Kurgjärve Sports Base was transferred to ground source heating in

2013. The estimated annual savings in the generation of heat and hot water at the base amount to

160,000 kWh. Ambient air pollution will decrease by 92% and CO2 emissions by 55.8 tons per year. The

cost of the project was 66,800 euros.

The multi-purpose Tondiraba ice rink at Lasnamäe was completed as a municipal building in 2014 and

can be used as a venue for sports events and concerts (Figure 4). The hall’s heating system is

connected to a heat pump and it uses the heat emitted by the ice rink resurfacers for heating the building

and water. If the emitted heat is not enough, additional energy is obtained from the district heating

network. Ventilation works with heat recovery. The heat pump releases +60°C water into the

accumulation tanks held in the boiler room in the basement of the building, and the heat in it is used by

the other utility systems of the building. Thus the heating system of the ice rink is a well-considered

solution that involves a large quantity of modern technology to achieve high energy performance.

Figure 4. Tondiraba Ice Rink

Tallinn has been organising Energy Days since 2011 at which citizens are given advice on how to save

energy in their daily lives and on the complete reconstruction of buildings. There are regular information

days for apartment associations. In order to find energy performance solutions, the city has established

an effective partnership with Tallinn University of Technology, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and

Communications, the KredEx foundation and companies that provide reconstruction services. The city

participates in foreign projects and international seminars to obtain experience and ideas about

improving energy performance.

The Estonian Electromobility Programme ELMO was launched in 2011 to support the use of energy-

efficient and environmentally friendly electric cars and rechargeable hybrid cards. Electric cars were

acquired for the social workers of Estonian local authorities, charging points were established (Figure 5)

and the purchase of electric cars by the private sector was compensated to the extent of 50% within the

scope of the programme. Tallinn uses 29 electric cars in social welfare. Tallinn established the first

electric car charging point in Estonia in 2009 in the underground car park at Freedom Square. Today

there are 28 charging points in the city. 459 electric cars were registered in Tallinn in 2015, 86 of them

belonging to the public sector. An electric car rental service has also been launched within the scope of

the ELMO Programme. Electric taxis have been serving clients in Tallinn since 2014.

Figure 5. ELMO rental car at a charging station and an electric car of a social worker on the street

In 2011, Tallinn Environment Department prepared energy saving handbooks for companies engaged in

catering, trade and industry within the scope of the SEECA (Strategy for Energy Efficiency through

Climate Agreements) project of the POWER programme. The handbooks promoted sustainable

transport and biogas and introduced ecodriving to larger utility companies.

An important outcome of the POWER programme is the recommendation for the roadmap for

managing a low carbon dioxide economy for the area of Tallinn – a guideline that deals with energy

performance, renewable energy, ecological innovation, sustainable transport and changing people’s

behaviour.

11C. Future Plans

Describe the future short and long term objectives for sustainable energy plans and the proposed approach for their achievement. Include measures adopted, but not yet implemented, and details for future measures already adopted.

Emphasise to what extent plans are consolidated by commitments, budget allocations, and monitoring and performance evaluation schemes, what potential there is and what kind of barriers you might expect in the implementation phase. Express and explain if and how far the strategies and targets go beyond national ambitions.

Make reference to:

1. The city's strategy to achieve goals by 2030 and 2050 (e.g. energy efficiency improvement. % of renewable energy share of the total energy supply);

2. The city's strategy regarding renewable vs non-renewable energy mix, as well as of the renewable energy mix per se (the percentage of different renewable energy sources). Describe the dynamics of energy mixes for at least the coming two decades, preferably add diagrams to describe this dynamic development;

3. Other measures affecting the total energy use in the city, e.g. changes in transport systems, industrial practices, food and commodities production and consumption, urban morphology and use of Green Infrastructure, consumer behaviour and import and export chains.


One of the objectives of the Tallinn Environmental Strategy to 2030 is to reduce the CO2 emissions by

40% by 2030 and to increase the share of renewable energy among consumed energy by 40%.

According to the Tallinn Environmental Protection Action Plan 2013–2018, the city must improve its

activities in the area of energy performance (energy performance of buildings, fuel saving, energy saving

in outdoor lighting, etc.) and raise the awareness of companies and people. In order to do this, the city

will continue renovating district heating networks to reduce heat losses and increase the share of

renewable fuels in the district heating system and small boiler houses in Tallinn. In urban planning and

issuing construction permits, the city will make sure that energy performance requirements are complied

with.

The general goal of the Tallinn SEAP for 2011–2021 is to reduce the impact of climate change by

increasing the share of energy efficiency and renewable energy by 20%, which will decrease CO2

emissions by 20%. According to the SEAP, the city has to start using the residual heat of wastewater

and the generated biogas in full, continue reconstructing buildings and district heating networks,

increase the use of heat pumps and solar energy, replace street light fittings with more economical ones,

raise people’s awareness in regard to saving energy etc. These actions will help achieve an estimated

energy saving of 20–24.5%, as a result of which Tallinn should meet the goals set with the Covenant of

Mayors.

The strategic goal of Tallinn in the area of energy performance will primarily be achieved through the

reduction in energy consumption in buildings and the increase in the share of combined heat and

power generation. Insulation of buildings and construction of new energy-efficient buildings makes it

possible to save up to 30% of the energy consumed at present, which is why the energy saving

achieved in buildings is extremely important.

http://www.tallinn.ee/g4128s57969

The goal of Tallinn is to reduce the consumption of heat in the city by 2% per year, which means that

energy consumption in 2020 will be 23% lower than in 2007. According to forecasts, heat consumption

will decrease until 2020 despite new consumers being connected to the district heating network, as the

extensive reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new cost-efficient buildings will

continue (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Forecast of final heat consumption until 2020

142 million euros will be invested in the renovation of the municipal buildings belonging to Tallinn

from 2015–2020. The specific consumption of heat of municipal buildings in Tallinn per square metre of

heated floor area will decrease to at least 125 kWh by 2020 according to forecasts. A large share of the

investments required for the reconstruction of municipal buildings planned in the energy economy action

plan will be made from 2018–2020. This should reduce the consumption of heat considerably, to ca

110,000 MWh per year (Figure 2).

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consumption as equivalentof normal year

incl. those who joined

Figure 2. Total energy consumption of the municipal buildings of Tallinn (MWh)

As a lot of attention is given to energy performance in municipal construction, Tallinn is planning to build

a residential building with rental flats for teachers as a nearly zero-energy building whose energy

performance indicator (use of heat with electricity and water consumption) is ≤100 kWh per square

metre per year.

Granting national support for the complete reconstruction of apartment buildings will continue from

2015–2020. Tallinn will continue supporting the reconstruction of apartment buildings and the promotion

of energy performance within the scope of the Fix the Facades project. The forecast is that at least 400

apartment buildings in Tallinn will be reconstructed. The closed net area of these buildings is up to

1.2 million m2 and the total amount invested in their reconstruction is 240 million euros, which will help

reduce CO2 emissions by up to 90,000 tons by 2020.

Tallinn has set itself the goal of increasing the use of renewable fuel considerably. In 2007, renewable

energy comprised just 8.2% of total fuel consumption in Tallinn, but the share of renewable energy in

total consumption planned for 2021 is 36%.

According to forecasts, 16% of the electricity needed in Tallinn will be generated in combined heat and

power plants in the city by 2021, which will increase the city’s energy security. Due to the higher

efficiency of the CHP plants, generating the same quantity of heat and electricity will require less fuel

than generation in separate plants, and energy transmission losses will also decrease.

The priority of Tallinn is to increase the share of biomass and local fuels in heat generation, which will

help keep the heat price stable, decrease the pressure of price increases and increase the energy

security of Estonia. The share of renewable and local biofuel in heat generation in 2014 was 42% and

the plan is to increase this to 80% in 2017. The transition to renewable energy will decrease the price of

thermal energy by ca 20% for consumers in Tallinn. Tallinn Power Plant, the waste-to-energy unit of Iru

thermal power plant, Mustamäe boiler house (which will be transferred to local fuel) and the Väo 2 CHP

plant to be constructed will contribute to this.

The energy group Utilitas has started establishing the Väo 2 CHP plant next to Tallinn Power Plant

which should be completed by 2016. The cost of construction of the plant is 65 million euros. The station

will start using Estonian wood chip and peat. The thermal capacity of the plant is 76.5 MW and electrical

capacity 21 MW. When operating at full capacity, the plant will use 530,000 cubic metres of wood chip –

105 000

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2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2020target

2007

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2020target

predominantly waste generated by tree cutting and other forestry.

Tallinn Environment Department and Tallinn Energy Agency are participating as partners in the Horizon

2020 project R4E – Roadmaps for Energy in which an energy strategy for Tallinn (energy roadmap) will

be created. Tallinn is participating in the R4E project in two areas: smart buildings and smart mobility.

The project supports the implementation of the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU.

11D. References

List supporting documentation, adding links where possible. Further detail may be requested during the clarification phase. Documentation should not be forwarded at this stage.

(max. 400 words)

Covenant of Mayors – http://www.covenantofmayors.eu/index_en.html

Fix the Facades – http://www.tallinn.ee/fassaadidkorda/

Operational Programme of Sustainable Energy Economy of Residential Buildings of Tallinn City Property

Department 2012–2014. OÜ Pilvero, Tallinn 2011

Roadmap for managing a low carbon dioxide economy for the area of Tallinn –


SEECA project (Strategy for Energy Efficiency through Climate Agreements) –

http://www.tallinn.ee/est/SEECA

Tallinn Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011–2020 –

https://oigusaktid.tallinn.ee/?id=3001&aktid=119834&fd=1&leht=1&q_sort=elex_akt.akt_vkp

Tallinn Development Plan 2014–2020 –


Tallinn Energy Days – http://www.tallinn.ee/est/energiaagentuur/Tallinna-energiapaev-2

Tallinn Environmental Protection Action Plan 2013–2018 –


Tallinn Environmental Strategy to 2030 –


Tallinn joining the Covenant of Mayors initiative of the European Commission –


http://www.covenantofmayors.eu/index_en.html

http://www.tallinn.ee/fassaadidkorda/


http://www.tallinn.ee/est/SEECA



http://www.tallinn.ee/est/energiaagentuur/Tallinna-energiapaev-2




11. energy performance - tallinn

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