CHAPTER 5 : CELL DIVISION

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Quantity 2 2 2 3 3 2

YEAR 2003

1. Figure 4 shows a stage during mitosis in a plant cell

Which of the statements about the cell in Figure 4 is not true?A The cell produces diploid daughter cellsB The cell is at anaphaseC The cell is found at the apical meristemD The cell has eight chromosomes at interphase

2. Which cell is a product of a meiotic cell division?

A

B

C

D

Figure 4

C

Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4Figure 4

YEAR 2004

1. An animal species has a diploid number of chromosomes, 2n = 12, in each of its nuclei. Which of the following is true regarding the animal cell during and after meiosis?

Number of nucleus divisions Number of chromosomes in gametes

during meiosis after meiosis

A 1 3 B 1 6 C 2 3 D 2 6

2. The diagram shows several stages in meiosis.

What is the chromosome behaviour in stage P?

A Chromosome condenses and thickensB Chromosome arrange themselves around equatorial planeC Homologous chromosomes pair together and cross-over occursD Homologous chromosomes separate and move to the opposite poles

YEAR 2005

1. G1, G2, M and S in the figure shows the phases of a cell cycle in an organism.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the interphase stage?

A. G1 S G2B. S G2 G1C. G2 M G1D. M G1 S

2. The table shows changes in a cell during mitosis.

Stage

Cellstructure

P Q R S

Nucleus membrane

Present Nil Nil Nil

Chromosomes At the poles Moves towards cell poles

At the equator Randomly distributed in cell

Cytoplasm Divides Does not divide

Does not divide

Does not divide

Spindle fibre Nil Present Present Present

What are P, Q, R and S?

P Q R SA Anaphase Metaphase Prophase TelophaseB Metaphase Prophase Telophase AnaphaseC Telophase Anaphase Metaphase ProphaseD Prophase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase

YEAR 2006

1. Diagram 4 shows the phases in the cell cycle.

Prophase Anaphase . Diagram 4

Which of the following statements is true about the chromosomes at stages X and Y?

Stage X Stage YA The chromosomes start to shorten

and thickenThe chromosomes form chromatids which move to the opposite poles of the cell

B The chromosomes have replicated The chromosomes start to elongate and not clearly visible

C The chromosomes are at the equator plane

The chromosomes are at the opposite poles in the cell

D The chromosomes form twin chromatids

The homologous chromosomes are paired

2. Which of the following diagrams is not true about a stage in mitosis?

3. Diagram 5 shows a diploid cell. This cell undergoes cell division

X Y

D

through meiosis

Which of the following shows the stage where the number of chromosomes starts to reduce to half?

YEAR 20071. Diagram 5 shows some of the stages in meiosis process taking place in a diploid

cell, 2n=4.

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the stages?A. I, II, III, IVB. I, III, IV, IIC. I, IV, II, IIID. I, IV, III, II

2. Diagram 6 shows the process of cloning a sheep.

B

A A

Which of the following is the offspring X ?

3. Diagram 22 shows a cell which experience mitosis twice.

A

How many new cells are produced after the cell experiences mitosis three times? A 2 C 8 B 6 D 16

YEAR 2008

1. Processes P, Q, R and S occur during mitosis in a cell.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence for mitosis?

A. P Q R S B. S Q R P C. P R Q S

D. S Q P R

2. The diploid chromosomal number of a cat is 38. If one of the homologous chromosome pairs does not separate during Meiosis I, how many chromosomes can be found in the gametes?A. 18 B. 19C. 37D. 38

CHAPTER 5 : CELL DIVISION

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Section Section Section Section Section Section

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B A B(1)

- - - - - (2)

- - - - - (3)

- (1)

-

YEAR 2003Section A

1. Figure 1 shows phase X and phase Y in the cell cycle of an organism.Phase X consists of three sub-phase, P, Q and R.Phase Y involves two processes, U and Y.

(a) (i) Name process U. Mitosis

[1 mar

k]

(ii) State two roles of process U (mitosis) in an organism.

1. Growth and development of living organism

2. Replace dead cells / repair damage cells

3. Asexual reproduction in organism [2 marks]

(b) Figure 2 shows the various stages in process U.

Figure 2

(i) Based on Figure 2 complete the correct sequence of stages in process U.

Stage Stage Stage Stage

IV ________ __________ ___________

(ii) Name the stages in process U.

Stage Name of stageI telophaseII metaphaseIII anaphaseIV prophase

[1 mark]

(c)(i) Name the phase X in Figure 1.

Interphase ( because contain 3 sub-phases : G1, S , G2)[1 mark]

(ii) Describe what happens in the cell during phase X (interphase).

- Synthesis of protein/DNA//increase in the number of organelles (G1) - Replication of DNA (S) - Accumulation of energy/ATP (G2)

[2 marks]

(d) A technique which involves the cell cycle shown in Figure 1 could be used in cattle farming.

A researcher intends to use the technique to increase the number of beef cattle.

Describe the technique. (Cloning technique)

- Remove the nucleus from the ovum of the female cow - The nucleus from the somatic cell of another cow is taken - Insert the nucleus from the somatic cell into the denucleated ovum of

the female cow - The ovum is cultured in-vitro - The cells that are produced are transferred to the surrogate mother to develop normally until birth

[5 marks]

YEAR 2005

II III I

Section A

1. Figure 2 shows cells P and Q undergoing cell division.

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled K and L.K : ChromatidL : Spindle fibres

[2 marks]

(ii) State the phase of division of cells P and Q.Cell P : Metaphase - mitosisCell Q : Metaphase 1 - meiosis

[2 marks]

(b) Cell P undergoes three consecutive division.How many daughter cells are produced?

8 daughter cells ( 2 x 2 x 2 )[1 mark]

(c)(i) Cell Q undergoes the first nuclear division and produced two cells.Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes in one of the cells

produced.

OR

- meiosis, n = 2, only one of the paired homologous chromosome present in one cell- can shows the exchange of chromosome segment after crossing over

[1 mark]

(ii) Name one organ where cell Q is found.

- Testis or- Ovary

[1 mark]

(iii) The number of chromosomes in a somatic cell of a fly is 12 (2n = 12).State the number of chromosomes in daughter cell produced at the end of the type of cell division as shown by cell Q. (meiosis)

6 chromosomes (n = 6)[1 mark]

(d) Cancer is a disease which causes uncontrolled growth of tissues. Radiotherapy is a method to treat cancer by using radiation.

Explain how this treatment stops the growth of cancer cells.

- Radiation destroys the cells /Destroys nucleus of germ cells / actively dividing cells- Rate of mitosis is controlled / abnormal mitosis does not take place

[2 marks]

(e) An oil palm planter wants to produce a large number of oil palms in a short time. State the best technique to be used by the planter and one problem to be considered in using the technique.

Technique : Cloning / Tissue culture

Problem : All clones are easily infected by diseases due to low resistance to a particular type of disease.

[2 marks]YEAR 2007Section A

1. Figure 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P,Q and R , in an animal cell.

(a) Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1.P : MetaphaseQ : ProphaseR : Anaphase

[3 marks]

(b) Explain what happens at stage Q.P1 : Chromosomes / chromatid (appear) thicker / shorter P2 : Nucleolus / nuclear membrane disappears nucleus disappear / invisible / can’t be seenP3 : The spindle fibres begin to form

[3 marks](c) State the chromosome behavior at the following stages:

Stage PThe chromosomes / chromatid are arranged / lined up / align on the equatorial plane / in the middle of the cell

Stage RThe chromosomes / chromatid move towards the opposite poles of the cell

[2 marks]

(d) Explain the importance of mitosis in the process of cloning orchid plants.Principle : Mitosis maintains the genetic contains of parent cell from

one generation to the next generation

Genotype : The offspring have the same genetic content as the parent

Phenotype : The offspring have the same characteristic / trait / phenotype as the parent

[3 marks]

(e) Diagram 3.2 shows a cell at stage P. In the next stage, it is found that chromosome M is not separated.

Complete the diagrams for the two daughter cells which will be formed in the space provided below.

[2 marks]

or

Daughter cell 1 Daughter cell 2 (Daughter cell with 4 chromosomes or

3 single & 1 double)(Daughter cell with 3 single chromosomes)

YEAR 2008Section A

1. Diagram 1.1 shows part of the stages of meiosis cell division in an animal cell. The chromosome behavior in stage S is not shown.

(a) Name the structure labelled X. Chromatid / chromosomes

[1 mark]

(b)(i) In Diagram 1.1 complete the diagram in stage S to show the chromosomes behavior.- Sister chromatids / chromosomes separate- Each of them moves to opposite poles

[1 mark]

(ii) State one of the changes which occurs in stage S Sample answers :

- Sister chromatids separate - The sister chromatids become individual chromosomes - The chromosomes / chromatids move towards the opposite poles of the cell

[1 mark] (c) Diagram 1.2 shows process Y which takes place in stage P.

(i) In Diagram 1.2, draw a diagram showing the appearance of the chromosome at the end of process Y.

- Two homologous chromosomes separate - There is exchange of genetic material in both chromosomes

[1 mark] (ii) Name process Y. Crossing over / cross over

[1 mark] (iii) State one importance of process Y to an organism.

To produce variation in the organism [1 mark]

(e) Diagram 1.3 shows skin cells. Cells X are cancerous cells which are formed after the normal cells are exposed to factor W.

(i) Give two examples of factors W.- Ultra violet light / X-rays / radioactive rays - Food flavoring / colouring / additive / penetrative carcinogen / drugs /

nicotine in cigarette smoke / carcinogenic substance [2 marks]

(ii) Explain the formation of cells X.

- Factor W cause mutation / changes in genetic material - Result in uncontrolled cell division / abnormal mitosis

[2 marks]

(iii) State two ways to prevent the development of cells X.

- Prevent from exposure to radioactive rays - Prevent from taking in / ingesting food containing flavour

- Early treatment of the disease / chemotherapy / radiotherapy / laser [2 marks]