1.1 natural systems - weebly
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1.1 Natural Systems
What happens when systems interact?
Determine the significance of interactions between
natural systems and human systems
TERMS
System
Ecosystem
Human System
Natural System
Systems Approach
Dynamic systems
Synergy
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Cryosphere
Plate tectonics
Energy
Photons
Photosynthesis
Ultraviolet radiation
Economics
Infrastructure
Journey into the World of Systems
A complex set of dynamic systems makes up our
world.
People depend on natural systems for survival
Natural systems influence people’s activities
Human activities have an impact on natural systems
Each region in Canada has a unique combination
of natural and human systems.
Journey into the World of Systems
What are Systems ?
A system is made up of different parts that connect to form a whole.
Why is it important to know about systems and how they operate?
The interaction of systems on earth shapes the environment in which we live.
THEY CAN BE BROKEN INTO 2 CATEGORIES:
NATURAL SYSTYEMS
HUMAN SYSTEMS
Natural System Pg 48
Systems that occur in nature
Circulation of water in the ocean
Weather and climate
Water drainage
Energy cycles
These systems work together to form the ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystem is a community of plants and animals that interact with one another and with their physical environment (land, climate, soil, water and nutrients).
Human System
System that are created by humans include:
Human settlements
Transportation routes
Communication systems
Economics
Infrastructure
Energy
The Systems Approach
Used by geographers to study both natural and
human systems
Used to helps us make better decisions as we work
to create safer and healthier environments.
Can help us to protect natural systems and to use
resources so they last into the future.
Complex Web of Systems
A complex set of Dynamic systems make up our
world.
Dynamic---continually changing.
May take millions of years for the change(oil formation)
May only take a few minutes for the change (car burning
gas)
In what ways can a change in one natural system
influence that system? Influence another natural
system?
Greater than the Sum of its Parts
Synergy
The whole system is greater than the sum of it parts
WATER (2 parts hydrogen/1 part oxygen
CAR (engine, tires, brakes)
Earth’s Natural Sytems
Earth is made up of 4 spheres that are
interconnected:
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Assign Worksheet
Atmosphere
is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that
is retained by Earth's gravity.
It protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet
solar radiation, warming the surface through heat
retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing
temperature extremes between day and night. Limb view, of the Earth's atmosphere. Colours roughly
denote the layers of the atmosphere.
Atmosphere
Consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen but also
traces of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, and ozone. Blue light is scattered more than other wavelengths by the gases
in the atmosphere, giving the Earth a blue halo when seen from
space
Lithosphere
contains :
all of the cold, hard solid land of the planet's crust
(surface),
the semi-solid land underneath the crust, and the liquid
land near the center of the planet.
Lithosphere
*The surface of the lithosphere is very uneven (see image
below).
There are high mountain ranges like the Rockies and
Andes (shown in red),
huge plains or flat areas like those in Texas, Iowa, and
Brazil (shown in green),
and deep valleys along the ocean floor (shown in blue).
CRUSTAL PLATES: pieces of the lithosphere
PLATE TECTONICS: slow movement of theses plates on the underlying mantle.
This movement causes mountain-building, volcanoes and earthquakes.
More on
this later!
Hydrosphere
contains all the solid, liquid, and gaseous water of
the planet.
Fresh
Salty (Ninety-seven percent)
Frozen
Covers 70% of the Earth’s surface
Hydrosphere
Some scientists place frozen water--glaciers,
icecaps, and icebergs--in its own sphere called the
"cryosphere”.
Biosphere
contains all the planet's living things.
This sphere includes all of the microorganisms, plants,
and animals of Earth.
Within the biosphere, living things form ecological
communities based on the physical surroundings of an
area.
These communities are referred to as biomes. Deserts,
grasslands, and tropical rainforests are three of the many types of biomes that
exist within the biosphere.
Energy
The fuel of LIFE
Most of the Earth's energy comes from the Sun.
The rest of it comes from deep inside the Earth
Go to http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov;
The geography of life: Natural Systems
Without nature’s system.....no life on Earth (pg 54-56)
The atmosphere regulates temperature on Earth
This makes water available to living things in liquid
form
Discuss the Hydrologic Cycle...do activity
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all
known forms of life.
It covers 70% of Earth's surface.
Water:
Most of us take water for granted.
Flush toilets, run sinks, water yards. Etc
Dripping faucets waste 10 % of water piped into our
homes.
Many drier areas of the world treat water as if it is
gold.
Water: We need water to live
2/3 of our body is water
Crops and livestock require water
Average Canadian uses 300 liters of water per day
Add production/manufacturing it is 4000 liters
Average daily residential water use per capita (litresper person):
United States - 425L
Canada - 326L
Italy - 250L
Sweden - 200L
France - 150L
Israel - 135L
W a t e r P o l l u t i o n
3 main types of water pollution:
Biological Pollution
Physical Pollution
Chemical Pollution
Biological Pollution
Bacteria and algae that enter lakes and rivers.
Sewage from cities and towns are the largest
source.
Solved by Reducing sewage from entering water
supplies (sewage treatment plants)
Physical Pollution
Least harmful but most obvious.
Floating garbage, paper, tin cans etc.
These are easily seen and clean-up and prevention
is relative simple.
Chemical Pollution
Most Dangerous
Dumping of poisonous chemicals into rivers and
lakes
Chemical Pollution
Clean-Up there are 2 problems
Not able to completely stop chemicals from reaching
water supplies
Do not have the technology to clean-up chemicals once
they are in the water.
Decay Cycle
One animals waste is another Animal’s dinner.
Food Web
Decomposers
Producers
Consumers
Decay Cycle
There is no waste in natural systems
Creatures such as fungi and bacteria act as Decomposers:
They eat and recycle nature’s waste materials
As leaves fall to the ground, decomposers break them down down and they decay.
The remaining nutrients enrich the soil and help fallen seeds begin to grow (Germinate) on the forest floor
This leads to the growth of more trees, which eventually leads to more fallen leaves
The cycle continues…
Characteristics of Natural Systems
They are driven by energy from the sun
Support all living things, including humans
Are connected to one another in a complex network of relationships
Decompose and recycle all wastes
Can be affected by natural events and human influences
Are not well understood by humans
Operate on very long timelines, from hundreds to millions of years
Operate in all four of the earth’s spheres
Display synergy
Natural Systems
Do questions #3 on pg 57
Complete the following:
Given a natural disaster such as
Earthquake, hurricane, flood or drought)
Explain the immediate and long term consequences
it would have on two natural systems in your area.