11 participation2 slides
TRANSCRIPT
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
I F O R M S O F PO L I T I C A L PA R T I C I PA T I O N
I I WH Y P E O P LE P AR TI CI P AT E (O R DO Nrsquo T)
I I I WH IC H ST AT E S HA VE HI G HE R TU RN OU T
IV S T A T E S A ND E L E C T I O NS
V D I R E C T D E M O C R A C Y
VI PR O T E S T A ND PU BL I C O PI NI O N
Ch 5 Political Attitudes andParticipation
Part 2 Participation amp Opinion
History of Vote By Mail in Oregon
VBM adopted locally 1987 statewide used 1993special election
Practical concerns
Measure 60 in 1998
Gronke Paul and Peter Miller 2012ldquoVoting by mail and turount in OregonRevisiting Southwell and Burchettrdquo
American Politics Research 40 976
Turnout in Oregon
Source Gronke Paul and Peter Miller 2012 ldquoVoting by mail and turount inOregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchettrdquo American Politics Research 40 976
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
Turnout in Oregon
Source Gronke Paul and Peter Miller 2012 ldquoVoting by mail and turount inOregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchettrdquo American Politics Research 40 976
Turnout in Oregon
Source Gronke Paul and Peter Miller 2012 ldquoVoting by mail and turount inOregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchettrdquo American Politics Research 40 976
VBM amp Turnout in Oregon
So what
Limitation of the impact of BVM
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 312
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters tooE Voting laws can change outcomes
1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
Texas voting registration requirements
Must register to vote 30 days before the election
httpvotetexasgov
Automatically receive a new certificate every two
years if you havenrsquot moved
Texas voting requirements
Required
Texas Driverrsquos License
Texas ID card
US passport
Military id (with picture) US Citizenship certificate
(with photo)
Election identificationcertificate
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 412
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters too
E Voting laws can change outcomes1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
F Poll closing times matter
III Which states participate
F Why turnout rates matter
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 512
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
1 TEXAS ELECTION TURNOUT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
SMITH
BRISCOE
WHITE
RICHARDS
BUSH
BUSH
CLEMENTS
CLEMENTS PERRY
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter
1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 PARADOX OF THE TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY
30 is key Below 30 Republicans
have an advantage
Over 30 Democrats
have the advantage
WHY
DEMOCRATS
REPUBLICANS
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 612
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 Paradox of the Texas Republican Party
3 Turnout can determine partisan control
IV States and Elections
A T H E F E D E R A L G O V E R NM E NT
B S T A T E G O V E R NM E NT SC M U NI C I PA L G O V E R NM E NT S
D T H E L E A G U E O F W O M E N V O T E R S
E T H E F E D E R A L E L E C T O R A L T R I BU NA L
Who has primary responsibilityfor conducting elections
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
Turnout in Oregon
Source Gronke Paul and Peter Miller 2012 ldquoVoting by mail and turount inOregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchettrdquo American Politics Research 40 976
Turnout in Oregon
Source Gronke Paul and Peter Miller 2012 ldquoVoting by mail and turount inOregon Revisiting Southwell and Burchettrdquo American Politics Research 40 976
VBM amp Turnout in Oregon
So what
Limitation of the impact of BVM
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 312
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters tooE Voting laws can change outcomes
1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
Texas voting registration requirements
Must register to vote 30 days before the election
httpvotetexasgov
Automatically receive a new certificate every two
years if you havenrsquot moved
Texas voting requirements
Required
Texas Driverrsquos License
Texas ID card
US passport
Military id (with picture) US Citizenship certificate
(with photo)
Election identificationcertificate
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 412
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters too
E Voting laws can change outcomes1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
F Poll closing times matter
III Which states participate
F Why turnout rates matter
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 512
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
1 TEXAS ELECTION TURNOUT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
SMITH
BRISCOE
WHITE
RICHARDS
BUSH
BUSH
CLEMENTS
CLEMENTS PERRY
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter
1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 PARADOX OF THE TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY
30 is key Below 30 Republicans
have an advantage
Over 30 Democrats
have the advantage
WHY
DEMOCRATS
REPUBLICANS
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 612
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 Paradox of the Texas Republican Party
3 Turnout can determine partisan control
IV States and Elections
A T H E F E D E R A L G O V E R NM E NT
B S T A T E G O V E R NM E NT SC M U NI C I PA L G O V E R NM E NT S
D T H E L E A G U E O F W O M E N V O T E R S
E T H E F E D E R A L E L E C T O R A L T R I BU NA L
Who has primary responsibilityfor conducting elections
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 312
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters tooE Voting laws can change outcomes
1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
Texas voting registration requirements
Must register to vote 30 days before the election
httpvotetexasgov
Automatically receive a new certificate every two
years if you havenrsquot moved
Texas voting requirements
Required
Texas Driverrsquos License
Texas ID card
US passport
Military id (with picture) US Citizenship certificate
(with photo)
Election identificationcertificate
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 412
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters too
E Voting laws can change outcomes1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
F Poll closing times matter
III Which states participate
F Why turnout rates matter
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 512
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
1 TEXAS ELECTION TURNOUT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
SMITH
BRISCOE
WHITE
RICHARDS
BUSH
BUSH
CLEMENTS
CLEMENTS PERRY
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter
1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 PARADOX OF THE TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY
30 is key Below 30 Republicans
have an advantage
Over 30 Democrats
have the advantage
WHY
DEMOCRATS
REPUBLICANS
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 612
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 Paradox of the Texas Republican Party
3 Turnout can determine partisan control
IV States and Elections
A T H E F E D E R A L G O V E R NM E NT
B S T A T E G O V E R NM E NT SC M U NI C I PA L G O V E R NM E NT S
D T H E L E A G U E O F W O M E N V O T E R S
E T H E F E D E R A L E L E C T O R A L T R I BU NA L
Who has primary responsibilityfor conducting elections
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 412
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate (cont)
C The type of election can influence turnout
D How competitive the election is matters too
E Voting laws can change outcomes1 Elections by Mail
2 Registration requirements
3 ldquoMotor Voterrdquo Laws
a Why is 1993 Voter Registration Act a big deal
F Poll closing times matter
III Which states participate
F Why turnout rates matter
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 512
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
1 TEXAS ELECTION TURNOUT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
SMITH
BRISCOE
WHITE
RICHARDS
BUSH
BUSH
CLEMENTS
CLEMENTS PERRY
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter
1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 PARADOX OF THE TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY
30 is key Below 30 Republicans
have an advantage
Over 30 Democrats
have the advantage
WHY
DEMOCRATS
REPUBLICANS
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 612
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 Paradox of the Texas Republican Party
3 Turnout can determine partisan control
IV States and Elections
A T H E F E D E R A L G O V E R NM E NT
B S T A T E G O V E R NM E NT SC M U NI C I PA L G O V E R NM E NT S
D T H E L E A G U E O F W O M E N V O T E R S
E T H E F E D E R A L E L E C T O R A L T R I BU NA L
Who has primary responsibilityfor conducting elections
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 512
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
1 TEXAS ELECTION TURNOUT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002
SMITH
BRISCOE
WHITE
RICHARDS
BUSH
BUSH
CLEMENTS
CLEMENTS PERRY
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter
1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 PARADOX OF THE TEXAS REPUBLICAN PARTY
30 is key Below 30 Republicans
have an advantage
Over 30 Democrats
have the advantage
WHY
DEMOCRATS
REPUBLICANS
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 612
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 Paradox of the Texas Republican Party
3 Turnout can determine partisan control
IV States and Elections
A T H E F E D E R A L G O V E R NM E NT
B S T A T E G O V E R NM E NT SC M U NI C I PA L G O V E R NM E NT S
D T H E L E A G U E O F W O M E N V O T E R S
E T H E F E D E R A L E L E C T O R A L T R I BU NA L
Who has primary responsibilityfor conducting elections
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 612
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
III Which states participate
C Why turnout rates matter1 Texas Election Turnout patterns
2 Paradox of the Texas Republican Party
3 Turnout can determine partisan control
IV States and Elections
A T H E F E D E R A L G O V E R NM E NT
B S T A T E G O V E R NM E NT SC M U NI C I PA L G O V E R NM E NT S
D T H E L E A G U E O F W O M E N V O T E R S
E T H E F E D E R A L E L E C T O R A L T R I BU NA L
Who has primary responsibilityfor conducting elections
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 712
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
A US Constitution and voting1 ldquoThe electors in each state shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of thestate legislaturerdquo
- Article 1 US Constitution
IV States and Elections (cont)
B States control elections through ballot regulation1 States impose different regulations on elections
2 Regulations reinforce political culture
3 This leads to 50 different election codes
IV States and Elections
C Control over elections meant control over who voted
1 Limited (restricted) suffrage
2 Restrictions registration rule still matter
Wersquoll come back toimplications for
parties
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 812
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
IV States and Elections
Consider how history might affect turnout today
D Regulating who votes in Texas A 1902 ndash 1964 (1966) Poll Tax
B 1923 ndash 1945 ldquoWhite Primaryrdquo
C Until 1970s Property requirements
IV States and Elections
D Regulating who votes in Texas (cont)D 1966 ndash 1971 Annual Registration System
E 1972 Progressive Permanent Registration System
F Presently requires registration 30 days before election
G Voter ID law (discussed above)
All these things successfully restricted voter registration which may be why turnout in Texas is lower thanelsewhere in the country
V Direct Democracy
ldquo PO PU L A R PA R T I C I PA T I O N I N G O V E R NM E NT
T H R O U G H D I R E C T V O T E R I NI T I A T I O N O FPO L I C Y A ND V O T E R A PPR O V A L O RR E J E C T I O N O F PO L I C Y D E C I S I O NS BYPO PU L A R V O T E rdquo
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 912
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy
A Direct Democracy vs Representative
Democracy1 Direct citizens decide on issues
2 Representative citizens elect leaders to decide for them
V Direct democracy (cont)
B Mechanisms1 Ballot initiatives
2 Referenda (Referendum)
3 Recall
4 Ballot initiative v legislative referendum
V Direct democracy (cont)
C Consequences (examples)1 Amendments to state constitutions to prohibit same sex
marriages
2 Voters have approved initiatives that make medical
marijuana legal3 Californiarsquos Prop 13 which rolled back property taxes
4 Californiarsquos Prop 87 which denied education and health benefits to illegal immigrants
D Limits1 Term Limits
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1012
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
V Direct Democracy (cont)
E Arguments for Direct Democracy 1 Increases government responsiveness
2 Allows representation of issues that are ignored
3 Stimulates public debate
4 Increases interest in elections and turnout
5 Can reduce citizen alienation
V Direct Democracy (cont)
F Arguments against Direct Democracy (or whyRepresentative Democracy is better)
1 Can promote tyranny of the majority
2 Can lead to the adoption of unsound policy
3 Voters may not be well informed
4 No provision for compromise or modification
V Direct Democracy (cont)
G Where
1 Progressive Era (1902 ndash 1918)
a 16 states adopted ballot initiative procedures
b Only 5 later
2 Many of the states that allow ballot initiates are WesternStates
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1112
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion
VI Protest and Public Opinion
A Public Opinion matters
1 In general politicians respond to public opinion
2 How do politicians know what citizens think
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
B Protest as Participation
1 Organized protests ndash marches demonstrations disruptionscivil disobedience ndash are all forms of political activity
2 Do they work It depends hellip
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge
8102019 11 Participation2 SLIDES
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull11-participation2-slides 1212
983089983088983087983097983087983090983088
VI Protest and Public Opinion (cont)
C E-Democracy Fact or fiction1 Internet Votingblogstown halls
2 Marylandrsquos Red Bridge