IDs 111-132

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111. Pacification of Ghent

• Signed on November 8, 1576

• An alliance of the provinces of the Netherlands

• The purpose was to drive the Spanish from the country

• Also wanted an end of the persecution of the Calvinists

• Masterminded by William of Orange

112. Union of Urecht• 1581• Seven Northern

promises of the Netherlands declare independence from Spain.

• “United Provinces of the Netherlands”

113. Mary Tudor• “Bloody Mary”• Serious issues with

Elizabeth forces catholic beliefs down everyone’s throats.

• Remarries Phillip II of Spain but dies a few years after.

• Elizabeth I takes the crown.

114. Jane Grey• 15 years old• Only queen for 9

days• Executed by Mary

who wanted the throne for herself.

115. Elizabeth I• Protestant daughter of

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

• Restores England to world wide prominence through wise policies

• “Elizabethan Settlement” also known as the Act of Supremacy.

116. Act of Supremacy

• Passed by Elizabeth I• Required outward

conformity to the protestant church.

• However, behind closed doors, anyone could practice what one wanted. (Catholicism)

117. Act of Uniformity

118. Mary Stuart • Mary Queen of the

Scots• Catholic zealot who

attempts to overthrow Elizabeth and take the English throne.

• Beheaded after imprisonment in the tower of London.

119. Sir Francis Drake

• Forced the Spanish Armada Northward in 1588 after meeting them in the English Channel.

120. The Spanish Armada

• Met Sir Francis Drake in 1588 at the English Channel.

• Forced Northward without charts.

• Maps were destroyed.

121. Peace of Augsburg

• Lutheranism is made legit.

• States in Germany have a choice to pratice Catholicism or Lutheran

122. Frederick III• Adopted Calvinism in

1561 which aroused German princes.

• Heidelberg Catechism occurred in 1563 and Calthoics and Lutherans were persectuted.

• Called the “Pious” • Elector palatine of the

Rhine• Eldest son of John II

123. Maximilien of Bavaria

• Ruled Bavaria for over 20 years since the abdication of his father.

• Strong catholic prince.• Founded the Catholic League

which became in instrument of his own policy.

• Signed an agreement with Ferdinand October 8 1619 that gave him all control over the war in Bohemia, the right to occupy captured areas, and the Palatinate after the defeat of Frederick.

124. Frederick IV• 1671-1730• King of Denmark

and Norway• Son of Christian V• Commanded the

Danish troops at the battle of Gadebusch 1712

125. Bohemian Period• 1618-1625• Bohemians and Salvs were

largely Calvinists• Started when they threw

officials out a window because they were fearful that they wouldn’t be able to practice their religion.

• Catholics win.• Land of protestant nobles

given away. Enabled Spanish to consolidate power along the Rhine River.

126. Defenestration of Prague

• May 23, 1618• Bohemian resistance to

Habsburg authority• At an assembly called by

the Protestants, the imperial regents were found guilty of violating the guarantee were thrown from the window of the council room of Prague Castle.

• This lead to the Thirty Years War.

127. Ferdinand II

• Became Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia.

128. The Danish Period• 1625-1630• Christian IV of Denmark

entered war to bolster the weakened protestant position in Germany and to annex lands for his son.

• Ferdinand II countered and commissioned Wallenstein to raise a mercenary army and fight.

• Edict of Restitution in 1629

129. Albrecht of Wallenstein

• Commissioned to raise a mercenary army.

• He was too cocky and flashy for his own good.

• Assassinated during the Swedish period by a catholic.

130. Edict of Restitution

• 1629• Passed France• Restored all

property lost to the protestants back to the Catholics.

• Only Catholics and Lutherans could practice their faith.

131. The Swedish Period

• Cardinal Richelleu convinces king Gustavaus Adolphus and a saxon army to join the fray.

• Adolpus wins victory but is killed in battle.

• Wallenstein is assassinated.

• Swedish allies quit and leave them high and dry.

132. Gustavus Adolphus

• Swedish king• Last of all warrior

kings• Wins victory in

Swedish Period, but he is killed.

Works Cited• http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Pacification_of_Ghent• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Allegorie_Pacificatie_van_Gent.jpg/250px-Allegorie

_Pacificatie_van_Gent.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/1579_Union_of_Utrecht.svg/220px-

1579_Union_of_Utrecht.svg.png• http://europeanleaders.wikispaces.com/file/view/640px-Hans_Eworth_Mary_I_detail1.jpg/58758438/640px-Han

s_Eworth_Mary_I_detail1.jpg• http://locationaudio.co.uk/images/janeGrey/mainSw.jpg• http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/eliz1-rainbow.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Elizabeth_I_of_England_-_coronation_portrait.jpg• http://amadeo.blog.com/repository/00/01/70/87/1708751/4054392.jpg• http://www.thekidswindow.co.uk/images/CMScontent/Image/Sir%20Francis%20Drake.jpg• www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/SpanishArmadaWK-PubDom.jpg• http://www.creeds.net/bios/frederick3.htm• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/FriedIII.jpg/250px-FriedIII.jpg• http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_maximilian_bavaria.html• http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351images/maximillian-bavaria.jpg• http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark• http://en.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/70/Frederik_den_4.jpg• http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/common/bridge_1.jpg

More Works Cited• http://www.answers.com/topic/defenestrations-of-prague• http://www.brickshelf.com/gallery/thire5/MODELS/Defenestrat

ion/def_05.jpg• http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351images/

ferdinandiiHRE.jpg• http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/

2/2d/Albrecht_Wallenstein_as_Mars.JPG/220px-Albrecht_Wallenstein_as_Mars.JPG

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Albrecht_Wallenstein.jpeg/215px-Albrecht_Wallenstein.jpeg

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Editto_di_restituzione_%281%29.JPG

• http://www.white-history.com/hwr43_files/154.jpg