1/11/2008 j.velkovska, phys117b 1 phys117b: lecture 2 3 things to remember about the electric charge...
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 1
PHYS117B: Lecture 2 3 things to remember
about the electric charge Electric charge is a
fundamental property of matter
Electric charge is quantized: the smallest unit is
qe = 1.6 x 10-19 C The net electric charge is
conserved. Even if you create new particles converting energy to mass (like in the picture from RHIC) you always produce +/- particle pairs.
Au+Au ~ thousand charged particles , but the NET charge is conserved
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 2
Last lecture: There are 2 and only 2 types of electric charge. We proved that
by observing that neutral bodies do not interact with neutral bodies, while all other combinations (+/-,+/+,-/-,+/0,-/0) did. Note that this is NOT a trivial statement. Gravity has only 1 type of mass, the strong force that acts between the quarks and gluons inside the protons and the neutrons has color charges: there are red, blue, green and anti-red, anti-blue, anti-green (total of 6 color charges).
We learned how to charge an object ( by rubbing it we break some molecular bonds and sweep electrons from one body to the other) or by touching a neutral conductor with a charged conductor
We learned about polarization (in insulators) and induced charge( in conductors)
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 3
Electric Force and Electric Field Now it is time to get quantitative
How big is the force between two charges? How does it compare to other forces in nature ? What if we have more than 2 bodies (charges)
interacting ? How does the force change ? Principle of superposition
How does a charge “feel” another charge at a distance ? Introduce the electric field.
Calculate the electric field for different charge configurations ( we’ll start today and do more on Monday)
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 4
Let’s start with the force:
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 5
How big is the electric force compared to gravity ? Calculate the ratio of: Fc/Fg for 2 protons
Calculate the ratio of Fc/Fg for 1 proton and the Earth
Calculate Fc/Fg for 2 objects like the Earth Done on the blackboard . See also example 21.1
in the book
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 6
The electric force is a vector
1. It has magnitude and direction (have to consider both)
2. When more than 1 force act simultaneously on 1 body, the forces add following the rules for vector addition
3. There are applets on MP : you can play with an applet to get a feeling of how the electric force depends on distance, charge and how vectors add together.
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 7
Electric field Every charge creates electric field in every point in
space. This is a VECTOR field
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 8
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1/11/2008 J.Velkovska , PHYS117B 9
Field of an electric dipole:
Use Coulomb’s law and the principle of superposition to find the electricfield in points a, b and c.