11124_20130430annex3-goodpracticeandreductionopportunities

GoodNo change

Version 1 PoorAnnex 3: Examples of fruit & sugar production good practice and reduction opportunities Unknown

Cit

rus

Ap

ple

s

Bla

ckcu

rran

ts

Pin

eap

ple

Can

e

Bee

t

CSD

s

GH

Gs

Ener

gy

Wat

er

Was

te

Mat

eria

ls

Name Description Supply chain stage Case studies Reference

WATER

N N Y N N N Y

Water reuse Reusing treated and/or rain water for

processes removed from product e.g.

reusing treated wastewater for

landscape irrigation and truck washing,

rainwater harvest

Raw materials & manufacture 1. CASCADE water recycling project – reduces water usage by 75-85%, lowered customer complaints (through more efficient washing and

decreased product breakdown) by 48%, and a 50% reduction in energy costs equating to a saving of 8000KWh per week

2. GSK reportedly reuse the water extracted from their blackcurrants during the Ribena production process

3. 75% of the process water used by Citrus BR comes from the orange itself

1. MSE Systems. “CASCADE Water Recycling Project,” 2012. http://www.msesystems.co.uk/case-studies/1/cascade-water-recycling-project.

2. Conversation with Rob Saunders, GSK

3. Lohbauer, Christian. “Brazilian Orange Juice: Fruitful Sustainability.” presented at the FT Sustainable Agriculture Summit, London, March 29, 2012.

http://www.citrusbr.com/download/4.BrazilianOJFruitfulSustainability_FTSustainableAgricultureSummit_Londres(ReinoUnido)_29mar%C3%A7o2012.pdf.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

Micro-irrigation Techniques to reduce the amount of

water applied to cropland via micro-

sprinklers or drip irrigation; NB potential

increase in energy/carbon as

clean/filtered water must be used to

prevent clogging

Raw materials Netafim conducted a case study in India for drip-irrigating cotton. Among other benefits, the study showed improved yields and 41.6% water

savings

Accenture. Sustainable Energy for All: Opportunities for the Food and Agriculture Industry . UN Global Compact, n.d.

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/Environment/SEFA/6SEFA_FoodandAgriculture.pdf.

N N N N N N Y

CIP technology New CIP technologies that reduce water useManufacture Radical Waters' Electro Chemical Activation (ECA): replaces traditional detergents with a brine solution passed through patented reactors. The

tech pays back in under two years, and shows water savings of 64%

Bouckley, Ben. “Breakthrough CIP Cleaning Tech ‘more Progressive Than Prog Rock’: Radical Waters.” FoodProductionDaily.com . Accessed November 12, 2012.

http://www.beveragedaily.com/Processing-Packaging/Breakthrough-CIP-cleaning-tech-more-progressive-than-prog-rock-Radical-Waters.

N N N N N N Y

Ice pigging Ice pigging is a CIP process that can

replace traditional practices that use

large amounts of water. A specific

composition of ice slush (pig) is pumped

into pipes and removes sediment build

ups

Manufacture Uses 50% less water than flushing or standard pigging, and can be 1000x more effective at removing sediment and biofilm than traditional

flushing. "Lowest cost option when considering volume of sediment removed"

Aqualogy Environment Ltd. “Ice Pigging - the Efficient, Rapid and Environmentally Friendly Way to Clean Pipes.” Accessed October 26, 2012.

http://www.aqualogyuk.com/websitefiles/ice_pigging_aqualogy(1).pdf.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

i-crop i-crop is a crop management system

developed in partnership with the

University of Cambridge. It collects data

from soil moisture probes in field as well

as a local weather station to assess

exactly how much water a crop requires

Raw materials Based on 2011 measurements at 46 farms in 5 regions, farmers used 8% less water to grow 13% more potatoes Introducing I-crop TM from PepsiCo , 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OY7FNclmEsc&feature=youtube_gdata_player.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

Reuse purified water for irrigation Replacing freshwater use with treated effluentRaw materials The reuse of treated wastewater could reduce freshwater consumption by 95% for oranges and lemons. The reduction is slightly less for

concentrated juice: 91% for oranges and 84% for lemons

Beccali, Marco, Maurizio Cellura, Maria Iudicello, and Marina Mistretta. “Life Cycle Assessment of Italian Citrus-based Products. Sensitivity Analysis and Improvement Scenarios.”

Journal of Environmental Management 91, no. 7 (July 2010): 1415–1428. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.02.028.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

Drought resistance Crops that are selected or are

genetically engineered to have a higher

tolerance of water stress

Raw materials Miguel Torres of Torres wines is planting more drought resistant varieties as well as other measures to protect his business from the effects of

climate change, including acquiring more property high up in the Pyrenees and reducing vineyard density.

Franson, Paul. “Torres Acting on Climate Change.” Wines & Vines , February 15, 2008. http://www.winesandvines.com/template.cfm?section=news&content=53240.

N N N N N N YIonised air Replacing water in cleaning in process (CIP) practices with ionised air to rinse packagingManufacture Coca-Cola has improved its water use efficiency for the eighth consecutive year; the use of ionised air for packaging rinsing contributed to this Environmental Leader. “Coke Improves Water Efficiency for 8th Straight Year,” January 31, 2012. http://www.environmentalleader.com/2012/01/31/coke-improves-water-efficiency-

for-8th-straight-year/.

ENERGY

N N N N Y Y Y

Renewable energy Self-explanatory; either through

supporting renewable projects

(PepsiCo), or producing own using waste

products (sugar)

Manufacture 1. PepsiCo, which already generates 159,000MWh of renewable energy p.a., has invested US$30m towards renewables projects in the US

towards its goal of powering 100% of its facilities through renewable energy

2. There is huge potential in the sugar cane business for renewable energy from cane bagasse. Belize Sugar Industries has invested in a plant

to produce up to 20% of the country's energy demand, while Havana Energy have struck a deal to develop the technology in Cuba

1. Accenture. Sustainable Energy for All: Opportunities for the Food and Agriculture Industry. UN Global Compact, n.d.

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/Environment/SEFA/6SEFA_FoodandAgriculture.pdf.

2. BBC. “UK Firm Signs Cuban Energy Deal.” BBC, January 17, 2011, sec. Scotland business. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-12204109.

2. Tate & Lyle. “THE SUGAR INDUSTRY IN BELIZE, CENTRAL AMERICA,” n.d. http://www.tateandlyle.presscentre.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=311.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

Mechanical vapour recompressionMVR creates a flow of high pressure,

high temperature steam by compression

as opposed to thermal vapour

recompression, which is characterised

by high expenditure of thermal energy.

Manufacture MVR can reduce the global warming potential (GWP) and cumulative energy demand (CED) by 12.5% and 19% respectively for concentrated

orange juice.



GHGs

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

Low carbon inorganic fertiliser Low carbon fertiliser can be locally

sourced from agricultural and food

waste, which can significantly reduce

GHG emission

Raw materials Tropicana (PepsiCo) is trialling two low carbon fertilisers supplied by Yara and ERTH. The trial has the potential to reduce the footprint of

Tropicana by as much as 20%

Time Magazine. “Tropicana: Trying to Make a Greener Orange Juice,” March 11, 2010. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1978783,00.html.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

Cool Farm Tool CFT is an easy to use PC platform that

allows farmers to track all relevant data

about their crop so that they can easily

calculate their carbon emissions and

look for reduction opportunities

Raw materials

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Railway distribution Transportation by rail as opposed to

road

Raw materials Railway distribution, as opposed to road transportation, can reduce the eco-profile of concentrated orange juice through a 19% reduction in

CED and a 12.5% reduction in GWP



Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Manure fertiliser

Raw materials Beccali, Marco, Maurizio Cellura, Maria Iudicello, and Marina Mistretta. “Resource Consumption and Environmental Impacts of the Agrofood Sector: Life Cycle Assessment of Italian

Citrus-Based Products.” Environmental Management 43, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 707–724. doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9251-y.

MULTI-METRIC

N N N N N N Y

Home soda dispensing Carbonated drinks can be made at

home, avoiding the negative effects of

mass production, especially the

production of plastic for packaging

Manufacture Use of home dispensing machines (NB after heavy extrapolation) could save 3m tonnes of PET packaging, 662,996m litres of water and 0.23kg

CO2e per household

Sexton, Alex. Soft Drinks: Hard on the Environment , November 25, 2010. http://www.sodastream.co.uk/gbretail/softdrinksreport.pdf.

Y Y Y Y Y Y N

By-product usage Waste streams from fruit and sugar

factories are extremely valuable and by

no means useless

Manufacture e.g. British Sugar is one of the UK's largest producers of tomatoes in the largest single glasshouse in the UK. They utilise the CO2 emissions

from their Wissington sugar factory, waste heat, and reclaimed water to nurture the tomatoes

British Sugar website

YIELD

Y Y N Y N N NTree density Intensification of fruit production by

increasing the number of trees per

hectare

Raw materials Tree density in Brazil's citrus belt has increased from 250/ha in the 1980s to currently 833/ha Fava Neves, Marcos, Vinicius Gustavo Trombin, Frederico Fonseca Lopes, Rafael Kalaki, and Patricia Milan. The Orange Juice Business - A Brazilian Perspective . The Netherlands:

Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011.

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Research Best practice can be informed and

identified by extensive research into the

system

Raw materials The UK sugar beet industry has invested £1.8m into research through the British Beet Research Organisation (BBRO) into crop agronomy and

genetic technologies. This has been the main driver behind the 60% increase in yield over the last three decades; this improvement has freed

up 90,000ha for alternative uses.

British Sugar, and NFU Sugar. UK Beet Sugar Industry, Sustainability Report 2011 , 2011. http://www.britishsugar.co.uk/Files/Beet_Sugar_Industry_Sustainability_Report_2011.aspx.

SugarFruit Metric

Metrics keySoft drinks best practice

11124_20130430annex3-goodpracticeandreductionopportunities

Documents