1123

IS :1123-1975 ( RePPilrmed 1993 )

Indian Standard

METHODOFIDENTIFICATIONOF NATURALBUILDINGSTONES

( First Revision )

Fourth Reprint SEPTEMBER 1998

UDC 691.21 : 552.12

0 Copyright 1975

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Gr 4 December 1975

IS : 1123 - 1975

lndian Standard METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES

(First Revision)

Stones Sectional Committee. BDC 6

SIiRl C:. B. L.. >L\THVR

SIlRl K. K. ACRX~ALA SHRI K. K. MADHOK (&mUf?)

SHRIT.N.BHARCAVA QHRIJ. K. CHARAN

SIIRI K. N. SUBBA RAO (Al/mate) cHIEP.ARCHITECT SHRI G. C. DASS

SIIRI P. R. DAS (&6rnole) SHRI Y.N. DAVL

SHRI R. C;. GL;PTA (dlkmale’; DEPUTY DIRECTOR (RESEARCH)

DEPUTY DIRECTOR (RESEARCH), CONTROL & RESEARCH LABORATORV

DR AI. P. DHIR SARI R. L. NAXDA (Allermfe)

DIRECTOR, ERT

DIRECTOR (CSMRSj DEPUTY DIRECTOR (CSAIRS) (Alterm&)

DIRECTOR,MERI

RESEARCH OFFICER,MERI (Altcmatc) SHRI hl. K. GUPTA

SHRI S. D. PATHAK (Alternate) DR IQBAL AL1

SHRI A. B. LINGAM (Al&mate) SI~RI D. G. KADKADE

SHRI V. B. DESA~ (Alternate) SHRI T. R. MEHANDRU SHRI PREM SWAKUP

SHRI A. K. AGARWAL (Alternate) DR A. V. R. RAO

SHRI J. SEN GUPTA (Alternate) DR B. N. SINHA

SHRI S. R. J?RADHAN (Alternate) SUPERINTZNDING ENGINEER (DESIGNS)

S JPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGN)

DEPW CHIEF ENGXNEER (I&D) (Altumab)

Rehresenting

Public Works Department, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur

Builders’ Association of India, Bombay

Ministry of Shipping and Transport (Roads Wing) Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters

Central Public Works Department, New Delhi National Test House, Calcutta

Department of Orology & Mining,, Government of Rajasthan, Udaipur

Public 1Vorks Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

Public Works Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar

Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi

Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat, Baroda

Central Water Commission, New Delhi

Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay

Himalayan Tiles and Marble Pvt Ltd, Bombay

Engineerin %

Research Laboratory, Government of Andhra Prades , Hyderabad

The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay

Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta Department of Geology & Mining, Government of Uttar

Pradesh, Lucknow

National Buildings Organization, New Delhi

Geological Survey of India, Calcutta

Public Works Department, Government of Kamataka, Bangalore

PublLaWz;h Department, Government of Tamil Nadu,

0 Copyright 1975

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copy&M Act (XIV of 1957) und reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of

copyright under the said Act.

IS : 1123 - 1975

( Continnedf~ompage 1 )

Members

SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGN & PLY)

SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (PLo CIRCLE)

Representing

Public Works Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad

Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta

SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OF WORKS

SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director (Civ Engg)

Public Works Department, Government of llimachal Pradesh, Simia

Director General, BIS (&o~ccio Member)

Secretary

SHRI K. &I. MATHUR

Deputy Director (civ Engg), BIS

IS t 1123 - 1975

Indian Standard METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES

(First Revision)

0, FOR

0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 19 July 1975, after the draft finalized by the Stones Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Couucil.

0.2 Building stones are available in large quantity in various parts of the country and to select and utilize them for their satisfactory performance it is necessary to know the various strength properties determined according to the standard procedure. The strength of the rocks depends on its mineral constituents which form the basis of classification

EWORD

and identification of rocks and thus before ascer- taining the strength properties it is also necessary to identify the types of rock. This standard had therefore been formulated to cover standard methods for identification of natural building stones. This standard was first published in 1957 which covered the aspects of petrographical exa- mination of building stones. While revising the standard its scope is limited to only identification of natural building stones which is in fact needed by the various research laboratories of stones using departments.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard lays down the procedure for identification of some of common types of natural building stones.

2. SELECTION OF SAM$‘LE

2.1 The sample shall be selected to represent the type of grade of stone under consideration. The samples shall be from the fresh rock and not wea- thered.

2.2 The sample shall be selected by the purchaser or his authorned representative from the quarried stone or taken from the natural rock, as described in 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation of the requisite number of test pieces.

2.2.1 Stones from LGdges or Quarries - The ledge or ,auarry face of the stone shall be inspected to determine any variation in different strata, Differ- ences in colour, texture and structure shall be observed. Separate samples of stone weighing at least 25 kg each of the specimens shall be obtained from all strata that appear to vary in colour, tex- turoand structure. Pieces that have been damag-

ed by blasting, driving wedges, heating, etc, shall not be included in the sample.

2.2.2 Field Stons and Boulders - A detailed inspec- tion of the stone and boulders over the area where the suppl*r is to be obtained shall be made. The different kmds of stone and their condition at various quarry sites shall be recorded. Separate samples for each class of stone that would be considered for use in construction as indicated by visual inspec- tion shall be selected.

3. PROCEDURE

3.1 The sample shall be examined macroscopically for its colour, structure, texture and mineral constituents .

3.2 The type of rocks shall be identified according to characteristics given in Table 1. In -case of doubt guidance can be obtained from engmeering properties of the rock given in Table 1.

4. REPORTING

4.1 Date of sample taken, identification of sample and the type of stone shall be reported.

3

TABLE1 CEARA CTBBSTICS OF BUlLDlNG STONBS I3 . .

(C&use 3.2) =

1. Granite* White to light grey and pink.

2. Granodiorite* Light grey.

3. sycnitc* Light coloured to dark green, grcy and bluish grey.

4. Diorrtc* Grey to dark grey.

2. Gabbro’

CrYstalline, finim~ C- massive sometime; sheeted and banded; jointscommon.

Crystalline, medium to coarse grained; massive; joints common.

CrystaIline, medium to coarse grained; massive; j oints c0mm0”.

Crystalline, medium to coarse grained; massive; joints 0Xllm0Il.

Crystalline, medium to coarse grained; banded and often jointed.

Essentially quartz and feldspar with mica, amphibdes and pyroxenes PI accessorier

Essential minerals are . quartz and Pla~lasefe1dsq.w

accessone! like biotite and hornblende.

Essential minerals are alkali feldspar sometimes with nepheline (nepheline syenite). Com- mon accessories

hornblende, E%ite and a&e.

Essential minerals are plagioclase feldspar and dark

(6) (7)

AVERAGE ENGINEERI~ PROPERT~S (&r F&WE) tifi --- I Specific Compres- shear Gravity sive Strength

$?;;& Porosity Resistance

Strength Ab%on Elasticity g

2 (6) (9) (10) (II) (12) (13) (14)

kg/cm’ kg/a’ kg/cm’ Percent Percent Wm’

Used primarily .for “a I&& raw;

related rtmchares, wv-ts. ke& pedestal. moml- mental buildings, institutional a n d -ial build- mgs, table top, coarse aggregate, road me&l, -etc. Polished manite

a “Cry long lasting lustre. Good foreign market.

sameuseasgranites.

Samewe as granites.

used as 3. good aggrc- gate material and road metal, etc.

Granites o c c u r throuehout t h e em&y. on2 nlativelv number of suitable colour or texture are available. Most granites arc characterised b v joints an d frac- t-s. It is desired that granites shall be free from Ram, etc. Granites may be graded by their compressive strength.

Sycnites are less abundant t h a n granites.

Pound in a number of places in India.

Consists of Iime-feldspar and pym~ene (a&e) ; acces.wria may be &vine, biotite, hornblende and rarely quartz.

May be used where available for bridge piers, river walls dam and related structures; it may also be used for pk3VUIl~llU,

kerbs and in buildings (same as granite).

It’~a,~gh a,;12mgh low

porosity, makes it suitable for heavv str”ct”res.

2.63-2.75 I@.% 140-500 70-250 0.4-4 439-67.9 2 x IO’ 10 2500 6x10’

2%3.0 -_

2w-2+Jo 350-500

2.8-3.0 1 8OO- 150-300 0.25 - 7x10’to 3 000 10x 10”

2.90-3.2 1 800- 3 In0

- 0.50 - -

-4 1.381.54 - 6 x IO5 to 8210’

150-300 0.1-0.2 - 7 x 10” to 11x10~

TABLE 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF BUlLDING STONES - Conld

USES SL No.

TYPE PkfYsIcAL PRoPERTIes ,-_-_-_h_-__

Specific Gravity

(8)

compres- Shear TC.pdle sive Strength

Poroltiy Resistance Modllus

Strength strength

*hrt%o” Elasticity

(9) (IO) :I]) (12) (13) (14)

kg/cm: kg/cm’ k&ma Percent Percent kg/cm*

Colour Texture & structure

Mineralogical Composition

300-Z 500 100-500 SO-250 520 (lime-

1.3-241 ;.(O,“;;s to . L stone) and

(dolomite).

(1) (2) (3) (4) (3 (‘3 (7)

2.142.8 (limestone)

2.52.8 (dolomite).

1.85

2.7-3.0

2.5-3.0

2. Limestone and White, grey, pink, dolomite red, blue, buff

brown, green yellow, b I a c k, etc. (Colour due to impurities in the form of silicates and carbonates).

Bedded, gm”l,lX; fine grained.

co”sists .ZSC”iidly of calcite (calcium

Ge”wally used as slab and tiles in any type of construction used in buildings. Also

‘&j?& ““lk*f

stone (Porbandar stone) used aa or- namental and building stone.

Limestone is found to occur through- out India. Itshould be devoid of any argillaceous band, softer vein, cracks

carbonate j with varying a”x+lts of *ag”CSm”l carbonate.

3. Laterite Brownish red,yellow, brown, grey and mottled colours.

Porous, oolitic and pisolitic with cavi- ties; at times bed- &d.

A mixture of hydrat- ed oxides of iron a n d aluminium frequently w i t h

“!;~sa”c=. dio- , titanium

oxide and free silica.

Generally used a.5 blocks in the cous- truction of buildings, iyaw% and buildings.

Freshly quarried laterite is soft and porous, but when exposed t o atmospheric con- ditions it hardens and makes a very touah material. When used in walls it should be plas- tered from outside.

19-23 - - -~ - -

Occurs in association with Khondalites in the Eastern ,Gl+ Its streqth

SiZ,E%j

granite.

Galerally used as slabs and block in the construction of building, monn- mentr, pa”eme.“is, kerbl, etc, roan a sou”x of aggregate material.

Not com”lo”ly used because of delitcri- ous conrtitutev.but may be used in minor CCl”StlU~- tions ifeasily available. Hard gncissrr may be used fiw constructirw 0 r buildings and do.- wtzfive wwky and

as Ilp=P stone.

- 7.94 x 102

9-34?Z 104

1. chamnockite Light grey to dark grey.

Fine to coarse grained, massive banded and sometimes foliated.

2. Gneisser Li;l;p,y s, pink, ., yreemsh

Fine to coarse grained: alternative dark and white bands (gneissosc StfUCtUrC).

Composed of “by’,, kldSPi3r, hornblends, :tc.

Varying composition of bands are likely to give low rtreng- th of the rocks. WiVi;ly found in

500-2 000 - 50-X0 0.5-1.5 - 2.01 x lo>

4.9 tz 10”

2. jj.2.cjj 1 jl)O-J 000 IOIl-6')O 100-300 iJ.Z-0.6 - 9.J x 10 3. Quartrite White, grey, yello-

wish & brownish Fine to coarse grain-

cd often granular and banded.

Used as blocky ;uul slabs for buildinrr

g-Key, buff (colour is dependent on the impurities in the cement].

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BJS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course 01 implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’.

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones: 323 0131,323 33 75,323 94 02

Regional Offices:

Telegrams: Manaksanstha (Common to all offices)

Telephone

*Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg NEW DELHI 110002

Eastern :

Northern :

l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola CALCUTTA 700054

SC0 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022

Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113

Western :

Branches :

Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) MUMBAI 400093

AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

323 76 17,323 38 41

337 84 99,337 85 61 337 86 26,337 9120

{ 60 38 43 60 20 25

{ 235 02 16,235 04 42 235 15 19,235 23 15

{ 832 92 95,832 78 58 832 78 91,832 78 92

Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India’

1123

Documents