11/27/2012
DESCRIPTION
11/27/2012. Take a lime green slip, a notes sheet, and a picture sheet from the front table. Glue/tape/staple them into your journals according to the following instructions: The lime green slip must be first before the notes and the picture. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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11/27/2012Take a lime green slip, a notes
sheet, and a picture sheet from the front table. Glue/tape/staple them into your journals according to the
following instructions:The lime green slip must be first before the notes and the picture.
The notes and the picture should be placed on pages that face each
other.
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Protein Synthesis
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DNA vs.RNA
• Double-stranded• Deoxyribose• A,G, C, T
• Single stranded• Ribose• A, G, C, U
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DNA vs.RNA
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NucleusThe office
The Boss never leaves
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DNA – The Boss
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mRNA – Ms. ReneSecretary
She’s a foreigner
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Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis is the making of proteins, using the information that is found in DNA.
Proteins are long chains of small molecules called amino acids. Different proteins are made by using a different sequence of amino acids.
Pieces of information in DNA are called genes.
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Transcription: means write across
Protein synthesis begins with the DNA molecule. The DNA of this gene will unzip like it does in replication. *The enzyme that separates the DNA strand at a specific gene is helicase.
In protein synthesis, only one strand of the DNA will be used.
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Transcription: means write across
A single strand of mRNA forms and transcribes (copies) the genetic information from the DNA. This strand of RNA is called messenger RNA or mRNA. *The enzyme that connects and assembles the ribonucleotides is called RNA polymerase
The DNA “zips” closed and remains in the nucleus .
The mRNA will leave the nucleus and travel to a ribosome.
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RNA which stands for RIBONUCLEIC ACID is
single stranded, contains a ribose sugar, and
has Uracil instead of Thymine.
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Comparing RNA and DNA
Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
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T
AG
TC
AT
C
A
GG
5’
3’
5’
3’A
TC
AG
TA
G
T
CC
5’
3’
GT CA UAAAAAA TTTTT CCCCC GGGGGG UUUU
3’
5’
DNA Helicase Touch the helicase!
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T
AG
TC
AT
C
A
GG
5’
3’
5’
3’A
TC
AG
TA
G
T
CC
5’
3’
GT CA UAAAAAA TTTTT CCCCC GGGGGG UUUU
3’
5’
Assemble your
mRNA strand!!
Hit Me when done!
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T
AG
TC
AT
C
A
GG
5’
3’
5’
3’A
TC
AG
TA
G
T
CC
5’
3’
GT CA UAAAAAA TTTTT CCCCC GGGGGG UUUU
3’
5’
RNA polymerase
UC
C
C
A
A
A G
G
U
U
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T
AG
TC
AT
C
A
GG
5’
3’
5’
3’A
TC
AG
TA
G
T
CC
5’
3’
A
A
A
U
U
C
C
G
GU
C
3’
5’
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Protein Synthesis- Part 1Transcription
From HHMI’s Biointeractive: DNA Animations/Transcription (basic)
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/DNAi_transcription_vo1.html
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11/28/2012Take out your notes from
yesterday. On the green slip of paper, fill in the mRNA
row using the original DNA strand. Remember: Ms. Rene
cannot write “T”
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Quick Review!
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Where does TRNASCRIPTION take
place?
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NucleusThe office
The Boss never leaves
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Where do we get the information to make
different types of proteins?
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DNA – The Boss
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Who delivers the message to the
workers?
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mRNA – Ms. ReneSecretary
She’s a foreigner
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Quick Quiz1. What is the name of the enzyme that
unwinds DNA?2. What is the process where a secret
message goes ACROSS the nuclear membrane?
3. What carries the sequence from the DNA out of the nucleus?
4. How many strands are copied on the original DNA molecule?
5. What happens to the DNA once the messenger detaches?
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rRNA – Bobettethe Ribosome
She builds proteins one amino acid at
a time
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tRNA – Terrythe Delivery Boy
Terry brings Bobette
whatever she needs
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Translation The mRNA contains information in sets of
three and each set of three codes for a specific amino acid. Each set of three is called a CODON.CODON.
The mRNA molecule will attach to the ribosome found in the cell. Ribosomes are also made up of RNA. Ribosomal RNA is called rRNA.
Where in the cell are ribosomes (rRNA) made?
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Translation
A molecule of transfer RNA or tRNA will carry in the proper amino acid. If the tRNA ANTICODON matches with the codon sequence, the tRNA will attach temporarily to the mRNA strand.
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Translation
After a 2nd tRNA molecule matches an mRNA codon, an amino acid will be deposited. tRNAs will continue to deposit amino acids when codons and anti-codons match. The bond created between 2 amino acids is called a peptide bond.
The chain of amino acids is called a polypeptide or a protein
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’
U UC
Arginine
A GG
Serine
A UC
Valine
AAG
Leucine
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’
U UC
Arginine
A GG
Serine
A UC
Valine
AAG
Leucine
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’U UC
Arginine
A GG
Serine
A UC
Valine
AAG
Leucine
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’U UC
ArginineA GG
Serine
Peptide bond
A UC
Valine
AAG
Leucine
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’
Arginine
Peptide bond
A UC
Valine
A GGSerine
AAG
Leucine
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’
Arginine
A UC
ValineSerine
Peptide bond
AAG
Leucine
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Ribosome
5’
3’ 3’A A AU U C CG G U C
5’3’
Arginine ValineSerine
A S V L G S AA V
R
AAG
Leucine
U
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Quick Quiz1. What is the process where the mRNA
drops off the message to the ribosome?2. What are the 3 types of RNA?3. A sequence of 3 nucleotides on the
mRNA strand that codes for a specific amino acid is called a what?
4. What is the name of the bond that is formed between two amino acids?
5. How do amino acids get into the body in the first place?
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DNA unwinds and unzips. Free RNA nucleotides attach to exposed bases. Bases combine to form mRNA strand. DNA reassembles. mRNA leaves the nucleus. The mRNA arrives at the ribosome. When the codon of the mRNA complements the anti-codon
of the tRNA molecule, the tRNA places the amino acid attached in the position.
tRNAs continue to deposit amino acids when codons and anticodons match.
One by one amino acids are added to the growing chain until the ribosome has reached the STOP codon.
Once the protein has been synthesized completely, it is removed from the ribosome for further processing and to perform its function.
Proteins like insulin and lactase exit to the Golgi bodies to be packaged and shipped out of the cell.
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Protein Synthesis- Part 2Translation
From HHMI’s Biointeractive: DNA Animations/Translation (basic)
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/DNAi_translation_vo1.html
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11/29/2012Please take the 2
worksheets from the front table, take out your
transcription & translation worksheet from yesterday, and your protein synthesis
notes.
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Draw the flow chart in your journal, then fill it in using the following words: Amino acids, mRNA, mRNA codon, nucleus, nuclear pore, peptide bonds, ribosome, transcription, translation
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DNADNA
mRNAmRNA
TranscriptionTranscription
TranslationTranslationRibosomeRibosome
AUAAUA UUGUUG AAGAAG AGCAGC CACCAC GCUGCU AAAAAA GAGGAG UGAUGA
AUAAUA UUGUUG AAGAAG AGCAGC CACCAC GCUGCU AAAAAA GAGGAG UGAUGA
UAUUAU AACAAC UUCUUC UCGUCG GUGGUG CGACGA UUUUUU CUCCUC ACUACU
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A-TC-G
T-AA-UC-G
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Insert practice here
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Last Thought 11/28/11 Write the sequence for a segment of RNA
that codes for the following chain of amino acids:
valine – serine – proline – glycine – leucine
Explain why your sequence is likely to be different than your partner’s.
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