1194 jin empire of northern china suffers from major famine after the yellow river changes course
TRANSCRIPT
1194
• Jin Empire of northern China suffers from major famine after the Yellow River Changes course
c.1200
• Abbasid Caliphate suffer from conflict between Shi’ite and Sunni
• Rest of Muslim world struggling with internal conflict, including the Seljuk Turks
1203-c.1227 CE
• Temuchin a Chief of Mongol Tribe
• Temuchin fathers four sonsGenghis
Khan
Jochi Jagadai Ogodei Tolui
Batu Guyuk HuleguKhubilaiMongke
1203 CE
• After distinguishing himself in a battle to regain his stolen wife and Temuchin was named the Genghis Khan or Universal Ruler
1209 CE
• Genghis begins his conquests by attacking the Tanggut Empire, a Buddhist nation in northwest China, bordering Tibet
1211-1215 CE
• Attacked the Jin
1216 CE
• Attacked Manchuria
1218
• Attacked Korea
1218
• Took Kara-Khitai
1219-1221• Attacked Khorezim, Christians and
Muslims
1223
• Suppress revolts by the Jin and Tanguts
1227
• Genghis Khan Died
1227
• Empire divided among heirs
• Jochi’s son Bantu got Russia– Golden Horde
• Jagadai got central Asia– Empire of Jagadai
• Ogodei got Chinese Turkestan and the title Grand Khan
• Tolui got the homeland
1229
• Ogodei officially gets title Great Khan and renews war against Jin with the help of the Song and Tolui
1233
• Jin totally defeated and Northern China under the control of the Mongols
1235• Ogodei declares war on the
Song
1237• Batu takes Moscow and
Kiev in Russia
1241• Mongols (Golden Horde)
reached the borders of the Holy Roman Empire
1241
• Death of Ogodei, the Great Khan
1246
• Guyuk, Ogodei’s son becomes Khan after his fathers death
1255• Middle East Falls to the
Mongols
1258
• Mongols of the il-khan Kill the Caliph
1260
• Khubilai becomes Great Khan (5th)
• Civil War
1260
• Kubilai Khan names Peking the Capital of Empire of the Great Khan
1260
• Mamluk defeat the Mongol invasion of Egypt with help from the Golden Horde
• Hulegu named il-khan by Kubilai
1259• Mongols take the Kingdom of
Tali in Northern China causing a major migration to Thailand
1265• Kubilai began an extended
and campaign in southeast Asia
1271
• Kubilai takes the Dynastic name Yuan
c. 1279
• Mongols of China convert to Buddhism
1279
• China falls to the Mongols
c.1280• Kubilai demanded tribute from
Ceylon and Malabar Coast
1292• Kubilai demanded tribute from
Java, failed
Outcome
•Yuan Dynasty in China
•IL-Khanate in Persia
•Golden Horde in Russia
•Khanate of Jagadai in Central Asia
Global Consequences of the Mongols:
Trade increased: silk, porcelain, regulated and safe
Increased Communication: individuals traveled across continents, ideas about passports, coal mining, movable type, metallurgy, math, gunpowder, bronze, pharmacology… spread
Disease Spread: Plague, Typhus, Influenza, & Smallpox
The IL Khan:
Killed last Caliph: weakened Muslim unity
Cultural Conflict: Mongol consumption of blood, leaders of IL Khan non-Muslim
Inter-Mongol Conflict: Warfare between Golden Horde and IL Khan over religion and territory, involved Christian Crusaders and Mamluks in conflict, ended when new Khan became Muslim
Tax Farming: Sold tax collecting rights to private investors, caused economic decline, gov then had trouble supplying troops, took land to do this, this was non-taxable so again tax revenue declined
Economic Failure: high taxes led to intro of paper money, did not work, lead to rebellion
Overthrow: Timur, a new Central Asian Invader took over, Turkic but used Mongol Army
Cultural Flowering: scholars & artist from China, Central Asia, and Middle East meet in Baghdad, Timur actually forcibly relocated scholars to Baghdad, Results: a world history, miniature paintings, algebra, trigonometry, astronomy influenced Europeans like Copernicus, calendars, predicting eclipses, improved Astrolabes,
Golden Horde:
Trade: Benefited south more
Orthodox Church Cemented: Mongols used church to re-enforce power, helped church
Northern Migration: Russian Princes of North Gained Privilege, Moscow and Novogrod’s power increased, Kiev decreased, Princes of Moscow became Tsars
Economy: High taxes collected by Russian princes drained gold and silver
Mongols introduced paper money, little affect b/c
Russia had a barter ecomony
Isolation: Mongol domination cut Russia off from
Europe and may has slowed development
Centralization nearby: Mongol pressure increased
Gov power in Ottoman Empire, Lithuania, and Serbia
Yuan China:
Economic Decline: tax farming, paper money,
Chinafication: Mongols adopted much Chinese tradition, Confucianism made strong, Mandarin
Lama Buddhism: Mongols adopt Buddhism of Tibet
Beijing: became capital, built forbidden city,
Unification: finally unify China into what it is today, worked to break down cultural differences
Social Class: Mongols on top, Central Asians and Middle Easterns ran gov, then northern Chinese, southern Chinese at bottom, Chinese became merchants and formed a new Gentry class, Corporations formed, Urbanization resulted
Medical improvements: blended Chinese with Greek and Middle Eastern