1.1d the ganges case

7/28/2019 1.1d the Ganges Case

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ENVIRONMENT ANDNVIRONMENT ANDPOLLUTIONOLLUTIONCHALLENGES INHALLENGES IN

GANGA RIVER BASINANGA RIVER BASINMay 1, 2012


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45,000 km of riverine length45,000 km of riverine length

12 major river basins, 4612 major river basins, 46medium river basins, 14medium river basins, 14minor and desert riverminor and desert river

basinsbasins

Ganga Basin: largest, lies inGanga Basin: largest, lies in11 States11 States

Lifeline of the peopleLifeline of the people

Closely linked with cultureClosely linked with cultureand traditionand tradition

Rivers in IndiaRivers in India


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S.No Level ofPollution PollutionCriteria Riverinelength(Km.)Riverinelength(percentage)

1. Severelypolluted

BOD morethan 6 mg/ l

6086 14

2. Moderately

polluted

BOD 3-6

mg/ l

8691 19

3. Relativelyclean

BOD lessthan 3 mg/ l

30242 67

Water Quality Status of Riversater Quality Status of RiversAnalysis of 10 years data with respect to BOD values as indicator of organic pollution


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Main Water Quality Threatsain Water Quality Threats Municipal Sewage:Municipal Sewage: Sewage treatmentSewage treatment

capacity 12,000 mld against 38,000 mldcapacity 12,000 mld against 38,000 mld

generated from class I & II townsgenerated from class I & II towns

Industrial EffluentsIndustrial Effluents

NonNon--point sourcespoint sources

OverOver--exploitation of water resourcesexploitation of water resources


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Ganga Basinanga Basin


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Ganga Basin: largest, lies in 11 StatesGanga Basin: largest, lies in 11 States

Point Sources : Municipal (80%); Industrial (20%)Point Sources : Municipal (80%); Industrial (20%)

NonNon--point sources: runoff from agriculture, solidpoint sources: runoff from agriculture, solidwastes, open defecation, cattle wallowing, throwing ofwastes, open defecation, cattle wallowing, throwing of

dead bodiesdead bodies

Sewage generated: 12,410 mld; treatment capacity:Sewage generated: 12,410 mld; treatment capacity:5070 mld (CPCB; 2009)5070 mld (CPCB; 2009)

GAP: Investment ofGAP: Investment of ` 900 crore; treatment capacity of900 crore; treatment capacity ofaround 1065 mld created in 73 townsaround 1065 mld created in 73 towns

Diminishing flowsDiminishing flows

Ganga Basin: IssuesGanga Basin: Issues


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Huge sewage treatment deficit; Industrial pollutionHuge sewage treatment deficit; Industrial pollution

Tackling fecal coliformTackling fecal coliform

Restoring natural ecosystemRestoring natural ecosystem

Constraints of ULBs & implementing agenciesConstraints of ULBs & implementing agencies

Capacity of SPCBs to address compliance &Capacity of SPCBs to address compliance &enforcementenforcement

Community involvementCommunity involvement

Flow augmentationFlow augmentation Focused attention required on critically pollutedFocused attention required on critically polluted

stretches e.g. Kannauj to Varanasistretches e.g. Kannauj to Varanasi

Challengeshallenges


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Initiated in 1985; Town centric, focussedInitiated in 1985; Town centric, focussedonon interception, diversion and treatmentinterception, diversion and treatmentschemesschemes

Investment ofInvestment of ` 900 crore; treatment900 crore; treatmentcapacity of around 1065 mld created in 73capacity of around 1065 mld created in 73

townstowns

Despite industrial & urban growth, BODDespite industrial & urban growth, BODand DO values at most locations improvedand DO values at most locations improved

Ganga Action Plananga Action Plan


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Schemeschemes Major types of schemes and % cost incurredMajor types of schemes and % cost incurred

Interception & Diversion of sewage (I&D)Interception & Diversion of sewage (I&D) 52 %52 %

Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) -- 37%37%

Low Cost Sanitation (LCS)Low Cost Sanitation (LCS) -- 7%7%

River Front Development (RFD)River Front Development (RFD) -- 1%1%

Crematoria (CRE)Crematoria (CRE) 0.5%0.5%

Public Participation & Awareness (PP&A)Public Participation & Awareness (PP&A) 0.5%0.5%

Other schemesOther schemes 2%2%


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STANDARD( 3 mg/l orless)

TOWNS

Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (Summer Average)

BOmgl)

1

Water Quality of GangaWater Quality of Ganga


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TOWNS

Dissolved Oxygen (Summer Average)

DOmgl)

1

STANDARD(5 mg/l ormore)

Water Quality of GangaWater Quality of Ganga


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Experience with GAP: Mixed Successxperience with GAP: Mixed Success Visible improvement lacking, coliform levelsVisible improvement lacking, coliform levels

unacceptably highunacceptably high

In critically polluted stretches, BOD valuesIn critically polluted stretches, BOD valuesdo not meet bathing water quality standardsdo not meet bathing water quality standards

Counterfactual; but for GAP, problem wouldCounterfactual; but for GAP, problem wouldhave gotten worse; further deteriorationhave gotten worse; further deterioration

arrestedarrested

Step in right direction, inadequateStep in right direction, inadequateinvestment, resources thinly spreadinvestment, resources thinly spread


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Implementation slowImplementation slow

SubSub--optimal utilization of assetsoptimal utilization of assets

Poor O&MPoor O&M

Weak enforcement by State Pollution ControlWeak enforcement by State Pollution ControlBoardsBoards

Lack of civil society involvementLack of civil society involvement

Experience with GAP: Mixed Successxperience with GAP: Mixed Success


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New Initiative: NGRBAew Initiative: NGRBA Constituted on 20.02.2009. Joint CentreConstituted on 20.02.2009. Joint Centre--StateState

structure. Empowered understructure. Empowered under EPA. Chaired by PM.EPA. Chaired by PM.Includes CMs. Strong presence of experts and civilIncludes CMs. Strong presence of experts and civil

societysociety

Planning, financing & coordinating body.Planning, financing & coordinating body.implementation through Statesimplementation through States

Development of river basin management planDevelopment of river basin management plan

Maintenance of environmental flowsMaintenance of environmental flows


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How new approach is differentow new approach is different Empowered AuthorityEmpowered Authority

Shift from town centric to river basin approachShift from town centric to river basin approach

Integrated approach, no standalone investmentIntegrated approach, no standalone investment

Sewerage infrastructure, catchment areaSewerage infrastructure, catchment areatreatment, tackling industrial effluents, rivertreatment, tackling industrial effluents, river

front developmentfront development

Dovetailing with JNNURM & UIDSSMT schemesDovetailing with JNNURM & UIDSSMT schemes

Emphasis on environmental flowsEmphasis on environmental flows


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Apex Council chaired by PMApex Council chaired by PM

Standing Committee under Finance MinisterStanding Committee under Finance Minister

Empowered Steering Committee; fast trackEmpowered Steering Committee; fast track

project approval mechanismproject approval mechanism

State River Conservation AuthoritiesState River Conservation Authorities

Implementation by States, ULBsImplementation by States, ULBs

Institutional Designnstitutional Design


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Projects worth Rs 2598 crores sanctionedProjects worth Rs 2598 crores sanctioned

Projects relate to sewer networks, sewageProjects relate to sewer networks, sewagetreatment, river front development, communitytreatment, river front development, community

sanitationsanitation

Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh :: RsRs 1341.60 crore1341.60 crore BiharBihar :: RsRs 441.86 crore441.86 crore

West BengalWest Bengal :: RsRs 659.41 crore659.41 crore

UttarakhandUttarakhand :: RsRs 155.60 crore155.60 crore

Sewage treatment capacity: 470 mldSewage treatment capacity: 470 mld

Projects sanctioned on designProjects sanctioned on design--buildbuild--operateoperate

(DBO) basis with 15 years O&M; first 5 years(DBO) basis with 15 years O&M; first 5 yearsshared between Centre and Statesshared between Centre and States

Pollution abatement Projectsollution abatement Projectssanctioned under NGRBAanctioned under NGRBA


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Revised Guidelines for DPR formulationRevised Guidelines for DPR formulation

Projects based on comprehensive approach, includingProjects based on comprehensive approach, includingconveyance networks; convergence with JNNURM andconveyance networks; convergence with JNNURM and

other schemesother schemes

Project appraisal by reputed independent institutionsProject appraisal by reputed independent institutions

Third Party Inspections (four stages)Third Party Inspections (four stages)

DBO model; 15 years of O&M to be part of project, ofDBO model; 15 years of O&M to be part of project, ofwhich initial 5 years O&M costs to be shared by GoIwhich initial 5 years O&M costs to be shared by GoI

New Measures for Improvedew Measures for ImprovedImplementationmplementation


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Technology selection based on lifecycle cost analysisTechnology selection based on lifecycle cost analysis

Tripartite MoA between Centre, States & ULBs toTripartite MoA between Centre, States & ULBs toimprove implementation and ensure proper O&Mimprove implementation and ensure proper O&M

CityCity--level citizen committeeslevel citizen committees

Research Advisory Committee to encourageResearch Advisory Committee to encourage

innovative technologiesinnovative technologies

States setting up exclusive NGRBA implementationStates setting up exclusive NGRBA implementationagencies as registered societiesagencies as registered societies

New Measures for Improvedew Measures for ImprovedImplementationmplementation


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World Bank Supported Projectorld Bank Supported Project National Ganga River Basin Project approvedNational Ganga River Basin Project approved

by GoI & World Bankby GoI & World Bank Project Cost: 7000 crore (US $ 1.55 billion)Project Cost: 7000 crore (US $ 1.55 billion)

[Centre: Rs 5100 crore; States:[Centre: Rs 5100 crore; States: Rs 1900 crore]Rs 1900 crore]

World Bank assistance: US $ 1 billion (IDA:World Bank assistance: US $ 1 billion (IDA:$199 m, IBRD: $ 801 m); loan agreement signed$199 m, IBRD: $ 801 m); loan agreement signed

Project launch: August 2011;Project launch: August 2011; duration: 8 yearsduration: 8 years

Implementation by NMCG, SPMGs & EAsImplementation by NMCG, SPMGs & EAs


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Infrastructure investments [Rs. 6100 crores]Infrastructure investments [Rs. 6100 crores]

Wastewater (collection and treatment)Wastewater (collection and treatment) 4800 cr4800 cr

Industrial pollution controlIndustrial pollution control 500 cr500 cr

Solid waste managementSolid waste management 300 cr300 cr

River front managementRiver front management 500 cr500 cr

Institutional development [Rs. 600 crores]Institutional development [Rs. 600 crores]

Central & stateCentral & state--level PMGslevel PMGs

Ganga knowledge centreGanga knowledge centre

Water quality monitoring systemWater quality monitoring system

Capacity building of SPCBs and Urban Local BodiesCapacity building of SPCBs and Urban Local Bodies

Research, Studies, Pilots and TrainingResearch, Studies, Pilots and Training

Project Components & Outlaysroject Components & Outlays


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Project Implementation support [Rs. 300 crores]Project Implementation support [Rs. 300 crores]

Consultancies: PMC, TSCConsultancies: PMC, TSC

Supervision, monitoring & evaluationSupervision, monitoring & evaluation

Communication & public awareness programCommunication & public awareness program

Incremental operating costsIncremental operating costs

Project Components & Outlaysroject Components & Outlays


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NGRBA Program FrameworkGRBA Program Framework Implementation ArrangementsImplementation Arrangements

Investments FrameworkInvestments Framework

Financial Management ManualFinancial Management Manual

Environment and Social Management FrameworkEnvironment and Social Management Framework

Communications and Public OutreachCommunications and Public Outreach

Governance and Accountability Action PlanGovernance and Accountability Action Plan


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Ganga Knowledge CentreGanga Knowledge Centre Integral part of NMCGIntegral part of NMCG

Repository of knowledge for GangaRepository of knowledge for Ganga

Data on Ganga river basin management inData on Ganga river basin management inareas of pollution, water use, biodiversity &areas of pollution, water use, biodiversity &sociosocio--economiceconomic

Carry out analysis & modellingCarry out analysis & modelling

Dissemination of informationDissemination of information-- outreach centreoutreach centre


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Water Quality MonitoringWater Quality Monitoring

Need to increase number of stations,Need to increase number of stations,

parameters and frequency of monitoringparameters and frequency of monitoring

Modern approach and instrumentationModern approach and instrumentationincluding realincluding real--time monitoring systemstime monitoring systems

Service Contract to be coordinated by CPCBService Contract to be coordinated by CPCB

Improved information flow, stronger analysisImproved information flow, stronger analysis Community monitoring, bioCommunity monitoring, bio--monitoringmonitoring


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Capacity Building ofCapacity Building of

Pollution Control BoardsPollution Control Boards

To address key constraintsTo address key constraints Improving information systemsImproving information systems

Staff skills; infrastructure facilitiesStaff skills; infrastructure facilities

Improve compliance & enforcementImprove compliance & enforcement

Laboratory upgradationLaboratory upgradation


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Capacity Building ofCapacity Building of

Urban Local BodiesUrban Local Bodies

Support ULBs as well as localSupport ULBs as well as local--level water andlevel water andwastewater service providerswastewater service providers

Modern & efficient information & planning systemModern & efficient information & planning system

Training & equipmentTraining & equipment

Technical assistance for improving revenue andTechnical assistance for improving revenue andcost recovery to ensure sustainability ofcost recovery to ensure sustainability ofinvestmentsinvestments


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Prepared by consortium of 7 IITsPrepared by consortium of 7 IITs Management Plan would include:Management Plan would include:

Quantification of sewage, industrial, and nonQuantification of sewage, industrial, and non--point pollution loads;point pollution loads;

Measures for maintaining water quality with a roadmap for controMeasures for maintaining water quality with a roadmap for control &l &

prevention of pollution into Ganga and its tributaries;prevention of pollution into Ganga and its tributaries;

Measures for maintaining environmental flows;Measures for maintaining environmental flows;

Measures for catchment area treatment, floodplain protection,Measures for catchment area treatment, floodplain protection,

public participation and awareness, water conservation;public participation and awareness, water conservation;

GIS based Atlas of Ganga Basin; andGIS based Atlas of Ganga Basin; and Assessment of technical & financial resources requiredAssessment of technical & financial resources required

5 reports on identification of issues, preparation of urban5 reports on identification of issues, preparation of urban

river management plan, sewage collection, diversion,river management plan, sewage collection, diversion,treatment and reuse, floodplain mapping submittedtreatment and reuse, floodplain mapping submitted

River Basin Environment Management Planiver Basin Environment Management Plan


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Thank Youhank You

1.1d the ganges case

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