11st ewas-med international conference, thessaloniki - greece, 11-13 april 2013

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Water Loss and Leakage Control

in TurkeyN. Çiçek, S.Coşkun

Alev KÖKSALForestry and Water Affairs Expert

Environmental Engineer

Ministry of Forestry and Water AffairsDirectorate General for Water Management

Basin Management Planning DepartmentWater Efficiency, Research and Water Technology Section

1st EWaS-MED International Conference, Thessaloniki - Greece, 11-13 April 2013.

CONTENTS

Global SituationWater Losses in Some Developed CountriesWater Losses in Some Developing Countries The Regulatory Framework for Leakage Management in Europe Water Losses in Turkey Conclusion


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GLOBAL SITUATION

increasing global population 9 billion

water demand 40% above available fresh water resources

Estimated daily water losses : 45 million m3

Demand of 10-20 million people Total costs : 15 billion $ a year


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Water Losses in Some Developed Countries


Country Water Loss Levels

Netherlands 3-7%

Australia 9.5-22%

USA 7.5-20%

Canada 7-34%

UK 20-23%

Portugal 20-50%

Italy 15-60%

The Netherlands is probably the most efficient in the world with this low level.

Losing such large amounts of water undermines the efforts in promoting water conservation and efficient use of water.

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Water Losses in Some Developing Countries


Region Water Loss Levels(avarage)

Asia 4.4% - 63.8%Singapore - Manila

Africa 5% - 70%South Africa - Liberia

Latin America 40-55%

NRW reduction progress in the developing countries is painfully slow.

The impact of poorly managed urban WDSs coupled with increasing global change pressures (urbanization, climate change, population growth) is likely to result in extreme scarcity scenarios.

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The Regulatory Framework for Leakage Management in Europe


UK water companies are heavily regulated by OFWAT: Companies must submit an annual water balance , OFWAT sets annual leakage targets for each company, UK leakage has reduced by one-third since regulation began in 1997.

In Sweden, the municipalities are responsible for most decisions on water and sewage systems, and are therefore virtually self-regulating

In Spain, water companies are regulated only for drinking water quality and tariff setting.

In the Netherlands, water companies also practice a form of self regulation, with voluntary benchmarks and performance indicators that are now embedded in legislation.

In France, 39% of water services (72% of consumers) are managed by private water companies.: Companies must submit an annual operational report to municipalities.

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The Regulatory Framework for Leakage Management in Europe


The important issue of water loss from pipes is highlighted in the EC’s 2012 Water Blueprint Paper:• “…50% of water abstracted is lost in distribution”.• Leakages are particularly “problematic in areas which are water stressed or at risk of becoming water stressed,”.

One of the actions to improve water efficiency is regards to the problem of leakage from water distribution networks.

The measure selected to assess the economic efficiency of the public water distribution network is the calculation of the Sustainable Economic Level of Leakage (SELL).

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Water Losses in Turkey


water amount per capita 4000 m3

20 years

1430 m3

summer temperature upclimate change

precipitation down

Turkey moves towards to being water poor country and this makes water resources more valuable.

+

=


1st EWaS-MED International Conference, Thessaloniki - Greece, 11-13 April 2013. 9

Water distribution network

Water loss and leakage

Raising water prices

54%

46%

4.8 billion ton/year water

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Population Municipality 2010 2011İstanbul 13 120 596 13 483 052Ankara 4 641 256 4 762 116İzmir 3 606 326 3 623 540Bursa 2 308 574 2 359 804Kocaeli 1 459 772 1 499 958Diyarbakır 1 090 172 1 132 351Sivas 433 932 425 297Amasya 219 541 210 947

80% of the NRW arises in metropolitan municipalities with more than 500.000 population.

The maximum loss ratios in water systems are seen in municipalities with less than 100.000 populations and this ratio reach to 80% in some cities.

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İSTANBUL (İSKİ):

51.9% NRW in 1995 30% leakage, awakening loss and by-pass, 10% incorrect read of meters, 5-10% unpaid consumption

decreased to 25% in 2012

reconstruction and rehabilitation of water network putting in use of card pre-paid system

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ANKARA (ASKİ):

126 million m3 in 2005 mostly from unqualified house connections and unqualified water meters

a saving of 24 million m3 was achieved in 2011

SCADA Monitoring of supply and distrubition system renewal of water meters

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İZMİR (İZSU):

22.8 million m3 water was recovered in a year (2004-2005) monthly 16.000 Euro saving the aim is 20-25% NRW

district metered areas renewal of after dated meters also meters were installed for green areas converters were installed in pumping stationsSCADA

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DİYARBAKIR (DİSKİ):

50% NRW in 2011 mostly from illegal consumption

15% saving was provided in a month just with the help of imposing penalty of 127.000 Euro for the illegal consumption

GIS application renewal of water meters


In Turkey, the major reasons of NRW in water systems are:

Pipe age,Insufficient and irregular repair and maintenance,High pressure,Unauthorised connections,Incorrect meters,Road and excavation works.

There is no common implementation in Turkey regarding the water loss and leakage reduction yet.


Prevention of illegal usage

Inspection and monitoring of system consistantly

Calibration and replacement of meters and pipes

Training of technical staff

Potentially Recoverable NRW

SCADA

Water Losses in TurkeyMeasures to prevent NRW


If the NRW ratio in metropolitan municipalities of Turkey is decreased to 20%

1.8 billion tones of water will be saved = capacity of a two year water need of İstanbul and Ankara

İstanbul, daily water consumption; 1.800.000 tons Ankara, daily water consumption; 850.000 tons

It is a quietly difficult and expensive to find new water resources and to serve it. Because of that, the NRW prevention studies in the existing water system must be prioritized in the solution of drinking water problems before looking for the new water resources.


Conclusions

Legal Basis

8th Five Year Development Plan; national politics

effective audit will be done to prevent illegal water usage, maps (GIS) will be setted to reduce leakages, SCADA system will be setted up in metropolitan cities”.

One of the main duties of the General Directorate of Water Management is “to establish politics and to prepare legislation regarding the prevention and sustainable usage of water resources”.

Draft Regulation

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=scada%20system%20control&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&ved=0CF0QFjAC&url=http://www.cyber.st.dhs.gov/docs/NIST%20Guide%20to%20Supervisory%20and%20Data%20Acquisition-SCADA%20and%20Industrial%20Control%20Systems%20Security%20(2007).pdf&ei=LZ8iUbi4EIjntQbwv4DQBw&usg=AFQjCNFzED3QQuHXx_ZN_KGFBVqVwXSo7g&bvm=bv.42553238,d.bGE

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=scada%20system%20control&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&ved=0CF0QFjAC&url=http://www.cyber.st.dhs.gov/docs/NIST%20Guide%20to%20Supervisory%20and%20Data%20Acquisition-SCADA%20and%20Industrial%20Control%20Systems%20Security%20(2007).pdf&ei=LZ8iUbi4EIjntQbwv4DQBw&usg=AFQjCNFzED3QQuHXx_ZN_KGFBVqVwXSo7g&bvm=bv.42553238,d.bGE


ConclusionsDraft Regulation

Other country legislations and guidelines were reviewed. Draft Regulation has been prepared and discussed in a workshop by most of stakeholders, such workshops etc. will go on before finalization. Communiqué will be prepared as an appendix of the regulation.

Other Planned Activities Technical support and trainings will be given to municipality staff. Prevention plans of water losses will be prepared and implementation will be monitored. The inventory of water loss and leakage will be prepared and the received information will be integrated in Water Information System.


THANK YOU…

21/01/10 BRUSSELS26 JANUARY 2010

2121/01/10 28 Kasım 2008 Marakeş/Fas 21

11st ewas-med international conference, thessaloniki - greece, 11-13 april 2013

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