1.2 fundamentals of iptv

brbraitt/IPTV/dcsonkhla

WHAT IS IPTV

D C Sonkhla

DE (MPLS), BRBRAITT

[email protected]

[email protected]

919425800989


WELCOME

This is a presentation for the Topic on :

IPTV for CTO Participants


AGENDA

What is IPTVs

IPTV Services

IPTV Viewing Devices

IPTV VIDEO

IPTV AUDIO

Moving picture experts group (MPEG)

IPTV systems

Home Media Network(HMN)

Digital rights management

Summary


IPTV systems

IPTV systems

IPTV systems link content providers (such as TV

networks) to consumers.

An IPTV system can transfers digital content (such as TV

programs) through IP data networks (such as the Internet)

to devices that can receive and display IP digital video

(such as standard televisions that have a set top box).

IPTV content sources can range from live TV networks

(such as CNN) to niche on-demand content from micro-

producers.

IPTV systems can delivery an unlimited number of

channels as each television set only require one TV channel

connection which can be linked to any other TV source the

IPTV operator can provide.



IPTV Service Providers

IPTV service providers obtain the rights to transmit

media programming to their customers.

While IPTV service providers may focus on providing

TV services in geographic areas (such as where they

own or control TV distribution rights), IPTV service

providers can technically provide programming

anywhere in the world they can reach customers

through a broadband data connection.


IP distribution systems transfer media programs

from the content sources to viewing devices.

There are many types of systems that can distribute

IP data packets

which include telecom, wireless, cable TV

systems, power companies (data over power line),

and competitive access providers (such as new

optical networks).

IP Distribution Systems



IPTV viewing devices can receive media in IP form

and convert it into media that can be viewed by the

user.

IP viewing devices range from standard televisions

that use IP set top boxes to convert IP video signals

into a format that can be viewed on a standard

television to mobile telephones with digital video

viewing capabilities.


This figure shows the how IPTV systems are composed of

content providers, distribution networks, viewing devices,

and IPTV service operators.



The content providers include existing television

networks, on demand content providers (content

aggregators), and independent content provider

companies.

This example shows a distribution networks that uses

many types of systems to transfer IP video packets from

the content source to the viewing devices.

IPTV viewing devices include standard televisions (with

adapters), multimedia computers, and multimedia mobile

devices.

The IPTV system operator manages how customers can

connect to the system which services they can receive.



IPTV services


IPTV services

IPTV services are the delivery of media or programs

to viewing devices (televisions) whereby the signals

travel through IP data networks.

IPTV services include subscription services (paid

access), pay per view (on demand), and advertising.

Subscription Services - Subscription services are value-added services that provide or entitle a

customer to receive or gain access to services.

Subscription services are typically provided with no

fixed termination date and subscription users are

often billed periodically (e.g. monthly) for the

subscription service.


Pay Per View

Pay Per View (PPV) - Pay per view services is the

providing of television programming such as sports,

movies, and other entertainment video that customers

pay per view on a per event basis for a fee.

PPV services may allow end users to interactively

request and receive television channels or programs.

These services are from previously stored media

(entertainment movies or education videos) to

accessing live connection (news events in real time).

TV Advertising

IPTV advertising is the communication of messages or

media content to one or more potential customers who use

IPTV enabled devices.

IPTV advertising combines traditional television

advertising (one way video commercials) and interactive

Internet advertising.

TV advertising on IPTV systems can be in traditional push

for (commercial inserts) or in advanced form (addressable

and interactive form).


This figure shows typical television services that

create billing and service usage records for

subscription and advertising services.


TV Advertising

TV Advertising

Above diagram shows that television subscription

services include access to local content, live network

programming and pay per view (on demand) services.

Diagram also shows that usage records may be created

for the selection and insertion of commercials and

interaction with advertisements.

This example shows that the money that is paid by the

advertiser may go to the IPTV service provider.


IPTV viewing devices

IPTV viewing devices are audio/visual equipment or

adapters convert IP media signals into a form that can

be controlled and viewed by users.

The key types of IP television viewing devices

include standard televisions that use set top boxes,

multimedia computers, multimedia mobile

telephones, and IP televisions.


IP Set Top Boxes

IP Set Top Boxes (IP STBs) - An IP set top box is an

electronic device that adapts IP television data into a

format that is accessible by the end user.

The output of an IP set top box can be a television

RF channel (e.g. channel 3), video and audio signals

or digital video signals.

IP set top boxes are commonly located in a

customer's home to allow the reception of IP video

signals on a television or computer.


Multimedia Computers

A multimedia computer is a data processing device

that is capable of using and processing multiple

forms of media such as audio, data and video.

Because many computers are already multimedia

and Internet ready, it is often possible to use a

multimedia computer to watch IP television

through the addition or use of media player

software.

The media player must be able to find and connect

to IP television media servers, process compressed

media signals, maintain a connection, and process

television control features.


IP Television Sets

An IP television set is a viewing device that is

specifically designed to view digital television signals

through the IP data networks (such as the Internet)

without the need for a signal conversion set top box.

IP televisions contain embedded software that allows

them to initiate and receive television through the data

networks using standard protocols such as IGMP and

SIP.


Multimedia Mobile Telephones

Multimedia mobile telephones are wireless

communication devices that are capable of receiving

and displaying digital media such as digital video and

digital audio.

Multimedia mobile telephones contain one or more

signal receivers (such as mobile phone and broadcast

television receivers) along with embedded software that

allows them to receive and decode digital media.

Multimedia mobile telephones may require an added

media player to receive and view IP video signals.



Figure shows several types of IP television viewing

devices.

Some of the options for viewing devices include

multimedia computers, television adapters, IP

Televisions and mobile telephones.



Multimedia computers (desktops and laptops) allow some

multimedia computers to watch Internet television

programs without the need for adapters provided they

have the multimedia browsers that have the appropriate

media plug-ins.

Television adapters connect standard television RF or

video and audio connectors to data jacks or wireless LAN

connections.

IP Televisions can be directly connected to data jacks or

wireless LAN connections.

Mobile telephones that have multimedia capabilities and

if the mobile telephone system they use provide the

broadband web along with the necessary media gateways



IP VIDEO

IP VIDEO

Internet Protocol video (IP Video) is the representation of

sequential image information in digital (discrete level)

formats that are transferred using IP data packets

(datagrams).

The use of IP video allows for more simple storage,

processing, and transmission of video signals through data

networks.

IP video systems create or receive digitized video signals,

compress the digital video, packetize the video and add

destination addressing and control information to each

packet, manage the transfer of packets through a data

network, receive and re-sequence the data packets, and

convert the data packets (render) into a form that can be

viewed by people.


Video Digitization

Video digitization is the conversion of video

component signals or composite signal into digital

form through the use of an analog-to-digital

(pronounced A to D) converter.

The A/D converter periodically senses (samples) the

level of the analog signal and creates a binary number

or series of digital pulses that represent the level of the

signal.


Video Compression

Video compression is the process of reducing the

amount of transmission bandwidth or data

transmission rate by analog processing with digital

coding techniques.

When compressed, a video signal can be transmitted

on circuits with relatively narrow channel bandwidth

or using data rates 50 to 200 times lower than their

original uncompressed form.

Some of the common types of video compression

used in mobile devices include 3GPP, MPEG (MPG),

MPEG-4 (mp4), Quicktime (MOV), Windows

(WMV and AVI), Real (rm) and Flash (SWF/FLV).


IP Video Packet Transmission

IP video packet transmission is the process of

addressing, transferring, and controlling IP video

packets as they pass through switching points in a packet

data network.

A destination address is added to the header part of each

packet before it is sent into the packet data network.

Control information (such as the maximum number of

transfers or hops that may occur) is also added to the

packet header.

IP video transmission usually includes the use of control

protocols that are specifically designed to control the

bandwidth and timing needs for the sending of video data

packets.


Video Packet Sequencing

Video packet sequencing is the process of organizing

packets into a succession that is in a usable format for

the system.

Packet sequencing for transmission is not necessarily

the same sequence that is required by the receiver or

decoder.


Video Rendering

Video rendering is the process of converting media

(such as IP data packets) into a form that a human can

view.

IP video rendering may involve adapting the adjusting

the media signal to overcome errors in transmission

such as repeating the previous image when lost

packets occur.


Video Rendering

Figure shows how video can be sent via an IP

transmission system.


Video Rendering

Diagram shows that an IP video system digitizes and

reformats the original video, codes and/or compresses the

data, adds IP address information to each packet, transfers

the packets through a packet data network, recombines

the packets and extracts the digitized video, decodes the

data and converts the digital video back into its original

video form.



IP Audio

IP Audio

Internet Protocol audio (IP Audio) is the representation

of audio information in digital (discrete level) formats

that are transferred using IP data packets (datagrams).

The use of IP audio allows for more simple storage,

processing, and transmission of audio signals through data

networks.

IP video systems create or receive digitized audio signals,

compress the digital audio, packetize the audio and add

destination addressing and control information to each

packet, manage the transfer of packets through a data

network, receive and re-sequence the data packets, and

convert the data packets (render) into a form that can be

heard by people.


Audio Digitization

Audio digitization is the conversion of sound signals

into digital form.

To convert an analog audio signal to digital form, the

analog signal is digitized by using an analog-to-digital

(pronounced A to D) converter.

The A/D converter periodically senses (samples) the

level of the analog signal and creates a binary number

or series of digital pulses that represent the level of the

signal.

The typical sampling rate for the conversion of

analog audio ranges from 8,000 samples per second

(for telephone quality) to 44,000 samples per second

(for music quality).


Audio Compression

Audio compression is the process of reducing the

amount of audio transmission bandwidth or data

transmission rate by analog processing with digital

coding techniques.

When compressed, an audio signal can be transmitted

on circuits with relatively narrow channel bandwidth or

using data rates 2 to 8 times lower than its original

uncompressed form.


IP Audio Packet Transmission

IP audio packet transmission is the process of

addressing, transferring, and controlling IP audio

packets as they pass through switching points in a packet

data network.

A destination address is added to the header part of each

packet before it is sent into the packet data network.

Control information (such as the maximum number of

transfers or hops that may occur) is also added to the

packet header.

IP audio transmission usually includes the use of control

protocols that are specifically designed to control the

timing and lost packet recovery needs for the sending of

audio data packets.


Audio Packet Sequencing

Audio packet sequencing is the process of organizing

packets into a succession that is in a usable format for the

system.

Audio packet sequencing for transmission is not

necessarily the same sequence that is required by the

receiver or decoder.


Audio Rendering

Audio rendering is the process of converting media

(such as IP data packets) into a form that a human

can hear.

IP audio rendering may involve adapting the adjusting

the media signal to overcome errors in transmission

such as repeating the previous sound segment when

lost packets occur


Audio Rendering

Figure shows how audio can be sent via an IP transmission system.


Audio Rendering

Diagram shows that an IP audio system digitizes and reformats

the original audio, codes and/or compresses the data, adds IP

address information to each packet, transfers the packets

through a packet data network, recombines the packets and

extracts the digitized audio, decodes the data and converts the

digital audio back into its original video form.



MPEG

MPEG

Moving picture experts group (MPEG) standards are

digital video encoding processes that coordinate the

transmission of multiple forms of media (multimedia).

Moving picture experts group (MPEG) is a working

committee that defines and develops industry standards

for digital video systems.

These standards specify the data compression and

decompression processes and how they are delivered on

digital broadcast systems.

MPEG is part of International Standards Organization

(ISO).


Media Multiplexing

Media Multiplexing - Multiplexing is a process

that combines multiple communication (voice

and/or data) channels into a single transmission

signal or channel.

Media multiplexing for IPTV systems involves

combining audio, video, data (such as closed

captioning), and other information into a single

media stream (channel).


Program Multiplexing

Program multiplexing is a process that combines

multiple program channels (such as television

channels) onto a single transmission path (such as a

broadcast channel).

Program multiplexing for an MPEG system involves

coordinating and merging small portions of programs

into a common transmission path.

Program multiplexing is not usually needed for direct

connections to end users as they only require a single

program channel.

Program multiplexing is commonly used for

connections from media sources (such as networks or

cable companies).


Program Tables

Program tables are groups of structured information

that describe media programs, program components

or other information that is related to the delivery and

decoding of programs.

MPEG tables can be used by electronic programming

guides (EPG) to inform the user of the available

channels.

The EPG is the interface (portal) that allows a

customer to preview and select from possible lists of

available content media.


MPEG Profiles

MPEG profiles are a particular implementation or set of

required protocols and actions that enables the

providing of features and services for particular MPEG

applications.

These applications range from providing standard

television services over a broadcast system to providing

video services on a mobile wireless network.

The use of profiles allows an MPEG device or service

to only use or include the necessary capabilities (such

as codec types) that are required to deliver media to the

applications.


MPEG Levels

MPEG levels are the amount of capability that a

MPEG profile can offer.

MPEG levels can range from low level (low

resolution) to high level (high resolution).


Basic operation of an MPEG system.

MPEG system allow multiple media types to be used

(voice, audio and data), codes and compresses each media

type, adds timing information and combines (multiplexes)

the media channels into a MPEG program stream.


Multiple program streams (e.g.TV programs) can be

combined into a transport channel.

When the MPEG signal is received, the program channels

are separated (demultiplexed), individual media channels

are decoded and decompressed and they are converted

back into their original media form.



IPTV systems

IPTV systems

IPTV systems are the combinations of equipment,

software, and processes that are used to gather

programs from various sources, organize them into

channels, distribute them through various data

communication systems, and allow people to select

and view the programs on one or more types of

viewing devices.


Content Sources

Content sources for IPTV systems include a mix of

traditional television content sources and new media

sources.

Traditional content sources include network TV,

syndicates (shared TV program sources), movies

(through content aggregators), local programming

(news and sports).

New media sources include independent

programming (companies, organizations),

community content (social media), and personal

media channels.


Head End

Headends are the network components that are used

to receive, mange, process (convert formats if

necessary), and distribute (broadcast) digital media

content to television network users.

Headends can range from the simple devices that

convert analog video to digital form for transmission

to the interactive control, delivery, and management

of digital content.


Distribution Network

A distribution network is the portion of a television

system that links the media programs (the headend) to

the end customer's viewing devices.

For IPTV systems, the distribution network is a digital

system that can transport IP data packets.

Because many people watch the same program at the

same time (such as local sports), IPTV distribution

networks may contain media hubs or distribution points

that rebroadcast (multicast) the same packets to people

who are watching the same programs.


Home Networks

A home media network is the equipment and

software that is used to transfer data and other

media in a customer's facility or home.

A home network may be used to connect terminals

(computers) and media devices (such as TV set top

boxes) to each other and to wide area network

connections.

Home networks may use a mix of wired Ethernet,

wireless LAN, powerline, coaxial and phone lines to

transfer data or media.


This figure shows a sample IPTV system.

This diagram shows the IPTV system gathers content from a

variety of sources including network feeds, stored media,

communication links and live studio sources.


Home Networks

The headend converts the media sources into a form that can

be managed and distributed.

The asset management system stores, moves and sends out

(playout) the media at scheduled times.

The distribution system simultaneously transfers multiple

channels to users who are connected to the IPTV system.

Users view IPTV programming on analog televisions that

are converted by adapter box (IP set top box), on multimedia

computers or on IP televisions (data only televisions).



Home Media Network

Home Media Network

A home media network is the equipment and software that

is used to transfer data and other media in a customer's

facility or home.

A home network may be used to connect terminals

(computers) and media devices (such as TV set top boxes)

to each other and to wide area network connections.

Home networks may use a mix of wired Ethernet, wireless

LAN, powerline, coaxial and phone lines to transfer data or

media.

Each household may have several televisions (1-3) and

viewers may desire to watch different programs.

This requires the bandwidth to be shared with each

individual IP television.


Multimedia Needs

Households may have a combination of several

multimedia computers, set top boxes or IP televisions in

each home.

When viewers are watching television channels (different

channels), the bandwidth of each IP television signal

must be added.

Each IPTV connection requires a steady stream of media

at 2 Mbps to 20 Mbps (HDTV).

Homes commonly have additional media needs which can

include Internet browsing (with large file transfers) and

audio connections (telephone and home music systems).

The combined multimedia needs of homes can range from

6 to 100 Mbps.


Home Media Connection Types

Home media connection types are the transmission

mediums that are used to transport signals are data

between points in the network.

Home media connection types can include telephone

lines (twisted copper wire pairs), coaxial cable (TV

cable), data cable (high precision twisted copper

wire pairs), powerline (large untwisted copper wires),

wireless (Wi-Fi), and optical cable.

Home media systems may use a combination of

connection types.


Home Media Systems

Home media systems convert and coordinate the

reception and distribution of media in the home.

Home media systems may automatically configure

devices within the system to prioritize and coordinate the

distribution of media.

For example, home media networks may give priority to

television signals when a large file is being transferred

from the Internet to a personal computer that is connected

to the home media network.

There are several home media system types (such as

HomePNA, HomePlug, and MoCA) and they may co-

exist and even connect through each other.


This figure shows how much data transfer rate it can

take to provide for multiple IP television users in a

single building.


Diagram shows 3 IP televisions that require 1.8 Mbps

to 3.8 Mbps to receive an IP television channel.

This means the broadband modem must be capable of

providing 5.4 Mbps to 11.4 Mbps to allow up to 3 IP

televisions to operate in the same home or building.



Digital Rights Management

Digital Rights Management

Digital rights management (DRM) is a system of access

authorization and copy protection used to control the

distribution of digital media.

DRM involves the control of physical access to

information, identity validation (authentication), service

authorization, and media protection (encryption).

DRM systems are typically incorporated or integrated

with other systems such as content management systems,

billing systems, and royalty management.

Some of the key parts of DRM systems include key

management, product packaging, user rights management

(URM), data encryption, product fulfillment and product

monitoring.


Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - Intellectual

property rights are the privileges (such as exclusive

use) of the owner or the assignee of the owner of

patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.

DRM systems are designed to control access and

protect the digital assets (such as movies or TV

programs).

Digital assets have rights associated with them that

may be assigned to other systems or people for use.

Rights may be assigned by the owner of the content

which usually contain restrictions on when and how

content may be used.


Rendering Rights

Providing authorization to convert media into a

form that can be heard, viewed or sensed by a human

being.

An example of rendering is the conversion of a data

file into an image that is displayed on a computer

monitor.


Transport Rights

Transport rights are the authorizations to move,

copy or loan content.

An example of transport rights is the transmission of

television programs through a satellite system.


Derivative Rights

Derivative rights are the authorizations to extract,

insert or edit content.

An example of derivative rights is the use of text

from a book or article in a presentation or another

article.


DRM System

DRM systems are a combination of processes,

programs and hardware that facilitate the

assignment, management and enforcement of the

rights associated with digital media.


Media Identification

Media identifiers are unique labels or codes that can

be used to identify any type or portion of content.

Media programs and object within them may

contain long term (persistent) and locatable

(actionable) identification information for specific

content or elements of content.


Rights Assignment

Rights assignments is the granting of

authorizations (permissions) that allow for the use,

communication, or alteration of media or information

to other people or systems (e.g. to the public).

IPTV rights management systems must identify

content and the rights associated with it.

For example, some programs may only be distributed

a limited number of times.


Asset Management

Digital asset management is the process of acquiring,

maintaining, distributing and deleting information

(electronic) assets.

IPTV systems may temporarily store and use digital

assets (such as movies or TV programs) provided by

other companies.


Usage Tracking

Usage tracking is the recording of a quantity of

service or material that is transferred over a period of

time or between events.

DRM systems must be able to track when and how

digital assets are requested and used.


Rights Enforcement

DRM systems may control enforcement points that

maintain and manage admission and usage policies for

services.

For example, if a viewer has required to watch a pay per

view TV program, the viewer should not be able to

watch the program again without having to pay again.



IPTV Economics

IPTV Economics

IPTV economics is the identification and analysis of

revenues and costs associated with providing IPTV systems

or services.

IPTV Revenue Sources - IPTV revenue sources include fees

charged subscribers for access to channels, fees charged for

viewing or obtaining media, revenue collected for the

insertion of promotional messages (ads), and revenue

generated from purchase transactions (television commerce).

Subscription Services - Subscription services are value-

added services that provide or entitle a customer to receive

or gain access to services. Subscription services are typically

provided with no fixed termination date and subscription

users are often billed periodically (e.g. monthly) for the

subscription service.


IPTV Economics

Pay Per View Content - Pay per view (PPV) is the providing

of television programming such as sports, movies, and other

entertainment video that customers view for a fee each time the

obtain or use the content.

Advertising - IPTV operators can earn revenue for the

insertion of promotional media that is viewed by potential

customers. The advertising revenue potential for IPTV

operators can be much higher than for traditional television

broadcasters because television commercials can be targeted to

specific areas, homes, or even to specific viewers. IPTV

systems can use addressable advertising (ads sent to specific

boxes), expandable advertising (viewers can choose to see

more), and interactive advertising (viewers can submit requests

and feedback).


IPTV Economics

Television Commerce - Television commerce is a

shopping medium that uses a television network to present

products and process orders. IPTV systems can merge

electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems with their IP

networks to permit viewers to purchase items and services

directly through their television sets.

IPTV Cost Sources - IPTV cost sources include fees

incurred for the use of content, operations cost, systems

costs, and data transfer costs.


IPTV Economics

Content Licensing - Content licensing costs are the fees

paid for the legal rights to distribute the media that is

sold or transferred. For traditional content (such as

network TV programs), the cost of content rights

distribution for television systems ranges from

approximately 35% to 50% of the collected revenues

(see the financial reports of cable television companies).

IPTV systems may offer new sources of content that

have lower costs or the content owners (such as

companies)


IPTV Economics

Operations Cost - Operations cost is the charges and fees

associated with the setup (provisioning), administration,

and management of a business or system. Because IPTV

technology and systems are relatively new, it is likely

that setup and maintenance costs will be relatively high

initially. However, as IPTV systems mature, customers

can self service their orders and automated diagnostics

will dramatically reducing the operations and support

costs compared to traditional broadcast systems.


IPTV Economics

Data transfer cost is the fees paid for the transferring of

data into or out of a data network (such as the Internet).

For companies that own their own data network, this cost

is determined by the network cost divided by the total

bandwidth used by the customers.

For Internet TV broadcasters, this cost is determined by the

bandwidth that is sent through the Internet.

Because data the data transfer rate for digital video signals

is relatively high, the data transfer cost for each user for

standard television quality signals through the Internet can

be approximately 2 to 10 cents per hour.



Summary

Summary

IPTV is about Content. Because IPTV is a switched

video system, there is no limit on the number

channels a system can have. It is possible to have 1

Million TV Channels or more.

IPTV Services can include traditional television

types such as subscription (paid programming), Pay

Per View on demand services. IPTV systems can

earn much more advertising revenue than

traditional TV systems because ads can be targeted

to specific users. IPTV systems can merge e-

commerce with IPTV technology to produce very

high value television commerce (t-commerce).


Summary

IPTV viewing devices include standard TV (with

STBs), multimedia computers (PCs), multimedia

mobile phones (with video capability), and IP

televisions (dedicated digital viewing devices).

IPTV systems can be owned and/or managed

networks. The types of companies that can operate

managed networks include telephone companies

(essential now), Cable TV companies (will need to

compete with telephone company IPTV), electric

companies (send the signals over existing electric power

lines), mobile systems (value added service), and

wireless broadband (they need new customers).


Summary

Internet television (Broadband TV) are systems that

distribute television signals through an Internet

connection that they cannot control (unmanaged

connections). If the broadband connection is fast

enough, the quality can be the same as managed IPTV

systems. Internet TV systems can have very low

startup costs and can offer TV programs globally.


1.2 fundamentals of iptv

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