ACTIVITY 4 PICS ONE WORD

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THEORY OF JUSTICE

By: Whendel N. Musngi

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WHAT IS JUSTICE?

the quality of being just; righteousness, equitableness, or moral rightness.

WHO IS JOHN RAWLS?John Rawls is Professor Emeritus at Harvard University. He is the author of the well-known and path breaking A Theory of Justice (Harvard, 1971) and the more recent work Political Liberalism (Columbia, 1996).

THEORY OF JUSTICEA Theory of Justice is a work of political philosophy and ethics by John Rawls. It was originally published in 1971 and revised in both 1975 (for the translated editions) and 1999. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls attempts to solve the problem of distributive justice (the socially just distribution of goods in a society) by utilising a variant of the familiar device of the social contract. The resultant theory is known as "Justice as Fairness", from which Rawls derives his two principles of justice: the liberty principle and the difference principle.

THEORY OF JUSTICE 1. The basis for the theory * A revised version of the Social contract theory. * veil of ignorance - the purpose of the veil: to assure fairness. This "veil" is one that essentially blinds people to all facts about themselves so they cannot tailor principles to their own advantage

• veil of ignorance the purpose of the veil: to assure fairness. is a device that can be used to help a person determine whether something ( an action or an institution or such) moral. This "veil" is one that essentially blinds people to all facts about themselves so they cannot tailor principles to their own advantage. “ Rawls suggest that you imagine yourself in an original position behind a veil of ignorance. Behind this veil, you know nothing of yourself and your natural abilities, or your position in society. You know nothing of your sex, race, nationality, or individual tastes.”

THE ROLE OF JUSTICE

Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.

THE SUBJECT OF JUSTICEthe primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society, or more exactly, the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation.

JUSTICE DOES EXIST?

There still justice even though man is self-interested. That's why justice is been implemented for man, to lessen his own interest, and to show that justice starts from equity to equality, how? First give what is due, then man has a inborn consciousness of

being good. So the action must come first to man, man must have the self-realization.

Second man becomes greed because of his surroundings, to have this justice for man, he must learn and see that he/she has the potentiality of goodness.

TWO PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE

First: each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with similar liberty for others.Second: social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all.

FIRST PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE The basic liberties of citizens are roughly speaking•political liberty (the right to vote and to be eligible for public office) *• freedom of speech and assembly.• freedom of the person along with the right to hold (personal) property. • freedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure as defined by the concept of the rule of law.

SECOND PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE

(a)they are to be of the greatest benefit to the least-advantaged members of society, consistent with the just savings principle. (the difference principle)

(b)offices and positions must be open to everyone under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.

QUESTIONS 1. He is Professor Emeritus at Harvard University and he is the author of the

well-known and path breaking A Theory of Justice (Harvard, 1971). a. Kant b. Locke c. Rousseau d. Rawls answer: d

2. ______________ the quality of being just; righteousness, equitableness, or moral rightness. a. Fairness b. Righteousness c. Justice d. Liberty answer: b

3. It is the right to vote and to be eligible for public office. a. political liberty b. freedom of speech and assembly c. freedom of the person along with the right to hold (personal) property d. freedom from arbitrary arrest and seizure as defined by the concept of the rule of law answer: a

4.____________ is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. a. Equality b. Justice c. Fairness d. Liberty

answer : b

5. What is the role of justice?

a. As virtue of social institutions. b. As basic structure of society. c. To have an equal right . d. To open everyone under conditions of fair equality of opportunity.

answer: a