12.1

12. Noise and Vibration

Introduction

12.1 This Chapter reports the outcome of the assessment of likely significant environmental effects arising from the Proposed Scheme in relation to Noise and Vibration.

12.2 The Chapter describes the consultation that has been undertaken during the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the scope of the assessment and assessment methodology, and a summary of the baseline information that has informed the assessment.

12.3 In line with Chapter 2. Approach to EIA, the assessment reports on the likely significant environmental effects, the further mitigation measures required to prevent, reduce or offset any significant adverse effects, or further enhance beneficial effects. The conclusions are provided both in terms of the residual effects and whether these are considered significant. The assessment of effects takes into consideration both Primary and Tertiary mitigation (see Chapter 2. Approach to EIA for further details), as well as applying proportionality to those effect considered within the EIA, based on the outputs of the EIA Scoping process (Appendix 2.1 - 2.2) and iterative scoping process where applicable.

12.4 This Chapter, and its associated Figures 12.1 - 12.8 and Appendices 12.1 – 12.4, is intended to be read as part of the wider Environmental Statement (ES) with particular reference to the introductory Chapters of this ES (Chapters 1 - 5).

12.5 In addition, this Chapter should be read in conjunction with Chapter 17. Cumulative Effects Assessment.

Legislative Framework and Guidance

12.6 The following legislation has informed the assessment of effects within this Chapter, and is detailed further in Appendix 12.1:

• Control of Pollution Act (CoPA ), 19741;

• Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 19902;

• EU Directive 2002/49/EC relating to assessment and management of environmental noise, 20023; and

• Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act, 20154.

12.7 The following planning policy has informed the assessment of effects within this Chapter, and is detailed further in Appendix 12.1:

• Planning Policy Wales, 20185; and

12.2

• Cardiff Local Development Plan – 2006 to 2026, 20166.

12.8 The following guidance has informed the assessment of effects within this Chapter, and is detailed further in Appendix 12.1:

• Noise and soundscape action plan 2018 – 2023;

• Planning Guidance Wales, Technical Advice Note (Wales) 11, Noise, 19977;

• Guidelines for Community Noise, World Health Organization (WHO), 19998;

• Night Noise Guidelines for Europe, World Health Organization, 20099;

• Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region – 2018, WHO10;

• BS 8233:2014 ‘Guidance on sound insulation and noise reduction for buildings’, British Standards Institute, 201411;

• BS 4142:2014+A1:2019 ‘Methods for rating and assessing industrial and commercial sound’, 201912;

• BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites - Part 1: Noise’, British Standards Institute, 2009 + A1:2014, 201413;

• BS 5228-2:2009 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration’, British Standards Institute, 200914;

• BS EN 61672-1:2013 ‘Electroacoustics. Sound level meters. Specifications’, British Standards Institute, 201315;

• BS 2003 ‘Description and measurement of environmental noise – Part 1: Guide to quantities and procedures’, British Standards Institute, 200316;

• Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), LA 111 Noise and vibration, 202017;

• IEMA Guidelines for Environmental Noise Impact Assessment 201418;

• IEC 60076-10-1:201619; and

• Planning and Design for Outdoor Sport and Play20.

Summary of Consultation

12.9 Table 12.1 provides an overview of the consultation that has been undertaken to inform the Proposed Scheme and EIA, including the consideration of likely significant effects and the methodology for assessment.

12.3

Table 12.1: Summary of Consultation

Body / Organisation Contact Date and Form of Consultation

Summary

Scoping Opinion CC Scoping Report and Opinion

Assessment approach and methodologies agreed.

Mrs Gillian Jones/Cardiff Council

Neighbourhood Services Officer

03/06/20 – 16/06/20 Discussed assessment criteria. Internal levels for residential use to be in line with BS 8233:2014 criteria. To inform the assessment, use of predicted traffic flows/acoustic modelling would be undertaken, in the current circumstances, in the absence of obtaining representative baseline sound survey data due to COVID-19. Further surveys during detailed design stage could be undertaken when representative traffic levels are present.

Scope of the Assessment

12.10 An EIA Scoping Report was submitted to Cardiff Council (CC) in August, 2020, as presented as Appendix 2.1. An EIA Scoping Opinion was provided by CC in September, 2020 (Appendix 2.2). This section provides confirmation on the scope of the assessment presented within this Chapter following submission of the EIA Scoping Report.

Not Significant Effects 12.11 The following not significant effects were identified as part of the EIA Scoping Report and are not

considered further in this Chapter. The effects and evidence to support this are represented and updated as below.

Operational Vibration Effects 12.12 The nearest source of potential vibration is the railway line to the north of the Site. However,

given its distance at circa 280m from the Proposed Scheme, impacts from vibration are not considered to be likely. Therefore, operational vibration impacts are unlikely to be considered significant and are not considered further.

Likely Significant Effects 12.13 The following effects (Table 12.2) are considered significant and are reported within this

Chapter:

12.4

Table 12.2: Likely Significant Effects

Likely Significant Effect Receptors Applicable Development Phase*

Noise and vibration from construction phases

The existing dwellings located to the north of the site along Trade Street, south of the site along Overstone Court and west of River Taff along Taff Mead Embankment.

C

Increase in noise due to construction vehicular movements on the nearby road network.

Existing dwellings on the local highway network, to be determined through consideration of traffic level increases.

C

Increase in noise due to vehicular movements on the new road network.

Proposed dwellings and hotel as part of the Proposed Scheme.

O

Increase in noise due to vehicular movements on the nearby road network.

Existing dwellings on the local highway network, to be determined through traffic modelling and consideration of traffic level increases.

O

Increase in noise due to operation of the Multi-storey car park

The existing dwellings located to the north of the site along Trade Street, south of the site along Overstone Court and the Cardiff and Vale College to the east of the site.

O

Noise from operation of new water taxi stop

Existing and proposed dwellings in close proximity to the stop on the Taff Embankment Road.

O

Noise from existing Substation in the north west of the Site

Proposed dwellings in close proximity to the substation.

O

Noise from play areas Proposed dwellings in close proximity to the play areas

O

*C = Demolition/Construction, O = Operation

Extent of the Study Area

12.14 The Study Area adopted in this assessment includes residential and commercial receptors located within a radius of 600 m from the Site. This follows guidance outlined within DMRB.

12.5

12.15 Proposed residential units within the Site itself form part of this Study Area and are considered as relevant noise sensitive receptors within this assessment.

Background Studies to Inform the ES

12.16 The following background studies have informed this Chapter and are reported herein:

• Environmental sound survey, undertaken between Tuesday 17 November 2020 and Wednesday 18 November 2020.

Assessment Methodology

12.17 The following methodology for the assessment has been adopted.

Establishing Baseline Conditions 12.18 An unattended environmental sound survey was undertaken between Tuesday 17 November

2020 and Friday 20 November 2020 in order to determine the existing sound climate at locations considered representative of the nearest noise sensitive receptors and the Site. The environmental sound survey measurement locations are presented in Figure 12.1.

12.19 The sound survey was undertaken during the COVID-19 restrictions, however schools and colleges were open and therefore traffic flows were not considered to be unrepresentative. In order to determine the suitability of the survey data a comparison exercise was undertaken with strategic noise maps produced by Defra under the Environmental Noise (Wales) Regulations, 2006. Based on a comparison with the Defra noise maps, measured sound levels along A4160 are in line with those predicted in the Defra noise maps.

12.20 The full procedure for establishing the baseline conditions at the Site are detailed in Appendix 12.2.

12.21 An acoustic model has been prepared to complement the baseline studies and to assist in the calculation of the likely noise impacts arising from the operation phase of the Proposed Scheme.

12.22 The results of the environmental sound survey have been used to validate the results of the model.

Reporting of the Environmental Effect and Significance Criteria

12.23 The assessment of likely significant environmental effects as a result of the Proposed Scheme has taken into account the construction and operational phases.

12.24 The duration of the effect has been assessed as either ‘short-term’, ‘medium-term’ or ‘long-term’. Short-term is considered to be up to 1 year, medium-term is considered to be between 1 and 10 years and long-term is considered to be greater than 10 years.

12.6

Determining Sensitivity of Receptor 12.25 The sensitivity of affected receptors has been considered on a scale of high, medium, low or

negligible.

12.26 Receptors are those aspects of the environment sensitive to changes in baseline conditions. The sensitivity of a particular receptor depends upon the extent to which it is susceptible to such changes.

12.27 Residential receptors (both inside and outside) are considered to have a high sensitivity, as per guidance with respect to sensitive buildings outlined in the DMRB. Commercial and industrial receptors are considered to have a medium or low sensitivity depending on their operating characteristics.

12.28 Table 12.3 below defines the sensitivity to noise of the types of receptors considered as part of this EIA assessment process.

Table 12.3: Summary of Receptor Sensitivity

Sensitivity to Noise and Vibration

Description Example Receptor

High Receptors where people or operations are particularly sensitive to noise or vibration

Residential, including private gardens Quiet outdoor areas used for recreation Theatres/Hotels /Auditoria/Studios Schools and Nurseries during the daytime Hospitals/residential care homes Places of worship

Medium Receptors where noise or vibration may cause some distraction or disturbance

Offices Retail areas and other commercial developments Bars/Cafes/Restaurants where external noise may be intrusive Sports ground where quiet conditions are necessary (e.g. tennis, golf, bowls)

Low Receptors where distraction or disturbance from noise and vibration is minimal

Industrial areas Sports ground with no specific requirement for quiet conditions Night clubs

Determining the Magnitude of Change 12.29 The magnitude of change has been considered as the change experienced from the baseline

conditions at the sensitive receptor and has been considered on a scale of large, medium, small or negligible.

12.7

12.30 The magnitude of change has been informed, for each effect, by the assessment criteria set out further later in this section and is further explained in terms and the associated human response in Table 12.4 below for ease of understanding.

Table 12.4: Magnitude of Change in Terms of Noise

Impact in Terms of Noise or Vibration

Human Response

Large Noise causes a material change in attitude and/or behaviour e.g. avoiding activities. Potential for awakening sleep disturbance. Quality of life diminished due to change in character of the area. Perception - Disruptive

Medium Noise is perceptible but causes a small change in behaviour/attitude. Potential for non-awakening sleep disturbance. Affects the character of the area such that there is a perceived change in the quality of life. Perception - Intrusive

Small Noise is perceptible but does not cause a change in behaviour/attitude. Can slightly affect the character of the area but not such that there is a perceived change in the quality of life. Perception – Non-Intrusive

Negligible Noise/vibration has no discernible effect on the receptor

Determining the Level of Effect 12.31 The level of effect attributed has been assessed based on the magnitude of change due to the

Proposed Scheme and the evaluation of the sensitivity of the affected receptor, as well as a number of other factors that are outlined in more detail in Chapter 2. Approach to EIA. The level of effect has been based on of professional judgement and Table 2.2 has been a tool which has assisted with this process (replicated below).

Mag

nitu

de o

f cha

nge

Sensitivity (or value/importance)

High Medium Low Negligible

Large Major Moderate to Major

Minor to Moderate

Negligible

Medium Moderate to Major

Moderate Minor Negligible

Small Minor to Moderate

Minor Negligible to Minor

Negligible

Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible

12.8

12.32 Whilst Table 2.2 provides ranges, the level of effect is confirmed as a single level and not a

range, informed by professional judgement. For each effect, it has been concluded whether the effect is ‘beneficial’ or ‘adverse’. A statement is also made as to whether the level of effect is ‘Significant’ or ‘Not Significant’, again based on professional judgement.

12.33 The following terms have been used to define the significance of the effects identified and these can be ‘beneficial’ or ‘adverse’:

• Major effect: where the Proposed Scheme is likely to cause a considerable change from the baseline conditions and the receptor has limited adaptability, tolerance or recoverability or is of the highest sensitivity. This effect is considered to be ‘Significant’;

• Moderate effect: where the Proposed Scheme is likely to cause either a considerable change from the baseline conditions at a receptor which has a degree of adaptability, tolerance or recoverability or a less than considerable change at a receptor that has limited adaptability, tolerance or recoverability. This effect is considered more likely to be ‘Significant’ but will be subject to professional judgement;

• Minor effect: where the Proposed Scheme is likely to cause a small, but noticeable change from the baseline conditions on a receptor which has limited adaptability, tolerance or recoverability or is of the highest sensitivity; or where the Proposed Scheme is likely to cause a considerable change from the baseline conditions at a receptor which can adapt, is tolerant of the change or/and can recover from the change. This effect is considered less likely to be ‘Significant’ but will be subject to professional judgement; and

• Negligible: where the Proposed Scheme is unlikely to cause a noticeable change at a receptor, despite its level of sensitivity or there is a considerable change at a receptor which is not considered sensitive to a change. This effect is ‘Not Significant’.

Assessment Criteria 12.34 The following section sets out the criteria used to establish the magnitude of effect for each

effect considered.

Construction Impacts – Noise 12.35 BS 5228:2009+A1:2014 ‘Code of Practice for Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and

Open Sites’ does not provide specific limits for construction noise, but it does define methods of assessing the significance. The standard also provides practical information on construction noise and vibration reduction measures promoting a ‘Best Practice Means’ approach to control noise and vibration. A method for determining the sound levels associated with construction activities is also detailed and considers the number and types of equipment operating, their associated Sound Power Level (Lw), and the distance to receptors, along with the effects of any screening.

12.36 The assessment of construction noise effects at residential properties has been undertaken with reference to ‘example method 1 – the ABC method’ as defined in BS 5228 1: 2009+A1:2014,

12.9

Annex E, which provides guidance in terms of appropriate threshold values for residential receptors, based upon existing ambient noise levels.

12.37 Based on the above guidance Table 12.5 details the proposed assessment criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with demolition and construction noise.

Table 12.5: Demolition and Construction Noise Criteria

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms Construction Sound Level LAeq,T (dB) at Residential Receptors

Large Threshold Level + 5 dB

Medium Threshold Level*

Small Ambient Sound Level

Negligible < Ambient Sound Level

*Threshold level determined as per BS5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Section E3.2 and Table E.1.

12.38 The assessment of noise due to construction traffic on the existing sound climate in surrounding areas is based on the change in sound levels at noise sensitive receptors due to a change in the volumes of road traffic generated by the construction of the Proposed Scheme.

12.39 The change in noise level has been calculated by comparing the construction traffic flows with the baseline traffic flows.

12.40 Assessment for this EIA uses the short-term assessment criteria taken from DMRB to assess the temporary effects associated with construction traffic. Table 12.6 details the proposed assessment criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with construction traffic.

Table 12.6: Construction Traffic Noise Criteria

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms Change in Noise Level LA10,18h (dB) at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Large ≥ 5.0

Medium 3.0 to 4.9

Small 1.0 to 2.9

Negligible < 1.0

12.41 Where the impact in noise terms is above negligible, the assessment of significance will take into

account the following factors:

• Proximity of calculated change to the minor/moderate boundary;

• Consideration of the calculated change in the long term;

12.10

• Absolute noise level with reference to relevant criteria in BS8233:2014;

• The context of the specific noise sensitive receptor; and

• Acoustic context of the area and likely perception of change by the receptor.

12.42 Construction noise and construction traffic noise shall constitute a significant effect in EIA terms where it is determined that a large or medium magnitude of impact will occur for a duration exceeding:

• 10 or more days or nights in any 15 consecutive days or nights; and/or

• A total number of days exceeding 40 in any 6 consecutive months.

Construction Impacts – Vibration 12.43 The effects of human response to whole body vibration in buildings are defined in BS 6472-1:

2008. This explains effects in terms of Vibration Dose Value (VDV). However, for human response to construction-related vibration, it is considered more appropriate to use the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) measure, as suggested in BS 5228-2:2009+ A1:2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites (BSI, 2014). Part 2: Vibration.

12.44 The limit of human perception to vibration is between approximately 0.15 mm/s and 0.3 mm/s. The sensitivity of the human body also varies according to different frequencies of vibration, with perception generally possible between 1 Hz to 80 Hz.

12.45 Based on the above guidance, Table 12.7 details the proposed assessment criteria.

Table 12.7: Guidance on Effects of Vibration Levels

Impact in Vibration Terms Vibration Level PPV mm/s Description of Effects

Large >10 Vibration is likely to be intolerable for any more than a very brief exposure

Medium 1 to 10 Increasing likelihood of complaint in residential environments, but can be tolerated at the lower end of the scale if prior warning and explanation has been given to residents

Small 0.3 to 1 Increasing likelihood of perceptible vibration in residential environments

Negligible <0.3 Vibration is unlikely to be perceptible in even the most

12.11

Impact in Vibration Terms Vibration Level PPV mm/s Description of Effects

sensitive situations for most vibration frequencies associated with construction

12.46 Table B.2 of BS 5228-2:2009+A1:2014 provides guidance on PPV vibration limits for transient

excitation for different building types. Table 12.8 outlines the transient vibration guide values for cosmetic damage to buildings. Consideration will be given to the guideline values detailed in Table 12.8 in determining the significance of construction vibration.

Table 12.8: Transient Vibration Guide Values for Cosmetic Damage

Type of Building

Peak Component Particle Velocity in Frequency Range of Predominant Pulse

4 Hz to 15 Hz 15 Hz and above

Reinforced or Framed Structures. Industrial and heavy commercial buildings

50 mm/s at 4 Hz and above

Reinforced or light framed structures. Residential or light commercial type buildings

15 mm/s at 4 Hz increasing to 20 mm/s at 15 Hz

mm/s at 15 Hz increasing to 50 mm/s at 40 Hz and above

Note 1 Values referred to are at the base of the building. Note 2 At frequencies below 4 Hz, a maximum displacement of 0.6 mm (zero to peak) is not be exceeded.

12.47 Construction vibration shall constitute a significant effect in EIA terms where it is determined

that a substantial, major or moderate magnitude of impact, as defined in Table 12.7, will occur for a duration exceeding:

• 10 or more days or nights in any 15 consecutive days or nights; and/or

• A total number of days exceeding 40 in any 6 consecutive months.

Environmental Noise Affecting New Residential Premises 12.48 With reference to BS8233 and WHO Guidelines, Table 12.9 details the proposed assessment

criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with environmental noise levels affecting proposed receptors on the Site.

12.12

Table 12.9: External Noise Criteria

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms

Ambient Sound Level LAeq,T (dB)

Daytime (07:00 – 23:00 hours) Night-time

Large > 65 > 55 80dB LAmax > 10 events

Medium 50 - 65 40 – 55 60dB LAmax > 10 events

Small 45 - 50 35 - 40

Negligible <45 < 35

12.49 Mitigation to meet the internal and external noise levels for proposed dwellings has been based

on the predicted noise levels derived in the acoustic model. The mitigation has been assessed in accordance with BS 8233:2014 as set out in Table 12.9.

Operational Road Traffic Noise Affecting Existing Receptors 12.50 The assessment of noise due to the Proposed Scheme on the existing sound climate in

surrounding areas is based on the change in sound levels at noise sensitive receptors due to a change in the volumes of road traffic generated by the Proposed Scheme.

12.51 The change in noise level has been calculated by comparing the ‘2032 With Development + Committed Developments’ scenario and the ‘2032 Without Development’ scenario.

12.52 Assessment for this EIA uses short-term assessment criteria taken from DMRB to assess the full and permanent effects of the Proposed Scheme. Table 12.10 details the proposed assessment criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with operational road traffic noise.

Table 12.10: Operational Road Traffic Criteria

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms Change in Noise Levels dB* at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Large ≥ 5.0

Medium 3.0 to 4.9

Small 1.0 to 2.9

Negligible < 1.0

* LA10,18h (daytime) or LAeq,8h (night-time)

12.53 Where the impact in noise terms is above negligible, the assessment of significance will take into

account the following factors:

12.13

• Proximity of calculated change to the minor/moderate boundary;

• Consideration of the calculated change in the long term;

• Absolute noise level with reference to relevant criteria in BS8233:2014;

• The context of the specific noise sensitive receptor; and

• Acoustic context of the area and likely perception of change by the receptor.

Operational Noise Associated with Proposed Car Park 12.54 The assessment of noise due to the proposed car park is based on the change of sound levels at

the closest noise sensitive receptors due to the noise generating activities in the proposed car park.

12.55 The change in noise levels has been calculated by assessing the potential noise impact against the measured or predicted ambient noise levels.

12.56 The assessment criteria has been based on the ‘Impact from the Change in Sound Levels’ guidance contained in Table 7.14 of the IEMA’s ‘Guidelines for Environmental Noise Impact Assessments’ and DMRB LA111 short term scale of impact. Table 12.11 details the proposed assessment criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with the proposed car park.

Table 12.11: Criteria for the Change in Noise Levels Due to Operational Noise Associated with the Proposed Car Park

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms Change in Noise Levels dB at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Large ≥ 5.0

Medium 3.0 to 4.9

Small 1.0 to 2.9

Negligible < 1.0

Operational Noise Associated with Proposed Water Taxi 12.57 The assessment of noise due to the proposed water taxi is based on the change of sound levels

at the closest noise sensitive receptors due to the noise generated by the proposed water taxi.

12.58 The change in noise levels has been calculated by assessing the potential noise impact against the measured or predicted ambient noise levels.

12.59 The assessment criteria has been based on the ‘Impact from the Change in Sound Levels’ guidance contained in Table 7.14 of the IEMA’s ‘Guidelines for Environmental Noise Impact Assessments’ and DMRB LA111 short term scale of impact. Table 12.12 details the proposed assessment criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with the proposed water taxi.

12.14

Table 12.12: Criteria for the Change in Noise Levels Due to Operational Noise Associated with the Proposed Water Taxi

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms Change in Noise Levels dB at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Large ≥ 5.0

Medium 3.0 to 4.9

Small 1.0 to 2.9

Negligible < 1.0

Noise from Existing Substation 12.60 British Standard 4142:2014+A1:2019 describes methods for rating and assessing sound of an

industrial and/or commercial nature. The methods described in the standard use outdoor sound levels to assess the likely effects of sound on people who might be inside or outside a dwelling or premises used for residential purposes upon which sound is incident.

12.61 An initial estimate of the impact of the specific sound is obtained by subtracting the measured background sound level from the rating level and considering the following:

• Typically, the greater this difference, the greater the magnitude of the impact;

• A difference of around + 10 dB or more is likely to be an indication of a significant adverse impact, depending on the context; and

• A difference of around + 5 dB is likely to be an indication of an adverse impact, depending on the context.

12.62 The lower the rating level is relative to the measured background sound level, the less likely it is that the specific sound source will have an adverse impact or a significant adverse impact, where the rating level does not exceed the background sound level, this is an indication of the specific sound source having a low impact, depending on the context.

12.63 Plant installed at the Proposed Scheme will be designed so as to meet the requirements of the local authority. An indicative assessment of plant noise emissions has therefore been undertaken on this basis. The aspiration of the Applicant is that substations will not be present within the Proposed Scheme, however, to establish a worst case assessment should this not be possible, consideration of the existing substation has been included.

12.64 With reference to BS 4142: 2014+A1:2019, Table 12.13 details the proposed assessment criteria to establish the magnitude of change associated with proposed plant associated with building services (including the existing substation).

12.15

Table 12.13: Assessment criteria for Existing Substation

Magnitude of Change in Noise Terms Rating Level

Large A difference between the rating level and the background level of around + 10 dB or more

Medium A difference between the rating level and the background level of around +5 dB

Small A difference between the rating level and the background level of around 0 dB

Negligible A rating level less than the background level

12.65 For the purpose of this EIA, the above criteria is only applicable to future residential dwellings

that may be in close proximity to the existing substation, i.e. residential units in parameter plots RE1 and RE2. The sensitivity of these receptors would be based on the difference between the rating level and background sound level from the existing substation and the absolute level.

Baseline Conditions

12.66 The full results of the environmental sound survey are detailed in Appendix 12.2.

12.67 During the site visit it was reported that the noise climate across the Site is dominated by noise associated with road traffic movement on the local road network.

12.68 The measured results of the environmental sound survey are used to validate the acoustic noise model that has been created. Figures 12.2 and 12.3 presents the baseline daytime and night-time noise contour across the Site.

12.69 To a greater or lesser extent, noise levels across the Site are determined by road traffic movements along Penarth Road and Dumballs Road.

12.70 As the sound climate is dominated by road traffic movements on the local road network the noise levels during the evening, night and earlier morning periods are lower than those measured during the daytime period due to reduced vehicle movements.

Future Baseline

12.71 In the absence of the Proposed Scheme, the noise climate in and around the Site will likely change as a result of local development and a natural change in traffic flows. A future baseline scenario has been modelled using traffic data provided for a 2032 future without development scenario.

12.72 These future scenarios include the committed developments and infrastructure as noted in Chapter 10. Transport and Access.

12.73 The noise contours for the future baseline scenario are presented in Figures 12.4 and 12.5.

12.16

Sensitive Receptors

12.74 For the purposes of this assessment, noise sensitive receptors are considered to be those listed in Table 12.14.

12.75 It is likely that certain phases of the development will be constructed and occupied whilst other phases are still being constructed and as such, new receptors have been considered.

12.76 The study area also includes existing noise sensitive receptors along the links that could be affected by changes in traffic flows.

12.77 The identified noise sensitive receptors are detailed in Table 12.14 below and presented in Figure 12.6.

Table 12.14: Identified Noise Sensitive Receptors

Receptor Reference

Noise Sensitive Receptor Description

Receptor Type Receptor Sensitivity

Worst case Distance from Site Boundary (m)

A Cardiff & Vale College

Educational High 15

B Dwellings Along Overstone Street

Residential High 20

C Shire Call Care Home

Residential High 55

D Dwellings along Dumball Road

Residential High 40

E Dwellings Along Penarth Road – W

Residential High 120

F Dwellings Along Penarth Road - N

Residential High 180

G Dwellings Along Taff Embankment

Residential High 60

H Dwellings Along Taff Mead Embankment

Residential High 110

I Dwellings along Trade Street.

Residential High 20

12.17

Primary and Tertiary Mitigation

Construction Phase 12.78 The following primary and tertiary mitigation which has been evaluated as part of the

construction phase assessment are outlined below.

12.79 As set out in Chapter 4. The Proposed Scheme a number of management practices during the construction phase are to be secured by a Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). These practices will include:

• Construction working hours would be 08:00 to 19:00 Mondays to Friday; 08:00 to 13:00 on Saturday; and it is anticipated that there will be no construction on Sundays and Bank Holidays Appropriate operational hours (0708:00 to 19:00 Mondays to Friday; 08:00 to 13:00 on Saturday; and no construction on Sundays and Bank Holidays);

• Working methods to ensure quiet working, including the selection of suitably quiet plant and appropriate working hours for excessive noise generating activities;

• Restriction of number of plant items in use at any one time;

• Locating noisy plant and equipment at a suitable distance away from residential dwellings;

• Frequent maintenance of plant and equipment;

• Where practical, carry out loading and unloading activities at a suitable distance away from residential dwellings;

• Closing of compressor, generator and engine compartment doors when in use or idling; and

• Careful lowering of materials/equipment and the minimisation of drop heights.

12.80 The exact specification and location of equipment to be used during the construction phase is at this stage unknown. Therefore, in order to provide a worst case-based assessment, the assessment of potential effects during the construction phase considers the impact of noise at the nearest noise sensitive receptors in the absence of any mitigation measures.

Operational Phase 12.81 It is likely that noise levels associated with building services plant will be controlled via a

considered planning condition. It is expected that such a condition will have regards to guidance levels provided in BS 4142:2014. By the nature of this, noise levels will be designed to meet the levels specified, hence forming mitigation.

12.82 No primary or tertiary mitigation has been identified for the operational phase.

12.18

Assessment of Effects, Secondary Mitigation and Residual Effects

Construction Phase

Noise from Construction Phases 12.83 With reference to Chapter 4. The Proposed Scheme and professional experience, the

construction phase of the Proposed Scheme is likely to include activities associated with the following:

• Enabling Works;

• Earthworks and Infrastructure;

• Foundations and Substructure;

• Superstructure;

• Cladding and Facades;

• Fit Out; and

• Public Realm and Landscaping.

12.84 For the purpose of this EIA the above has been condensed into the following construction activities:

• Site Preparation Works, Establishment and Hoarding;

• Demolition, Foundation Works/Substructure;

• Building Erection Works/Superstructure;

• Road Works; and

• Landscaping works and Fit-Out.

12.85 Internal building construction, and the servicing and fitting out of new buildings is normally not a significant source of noise or vibration and is not considered further.

12.86 As a detailed construction methodology and sequence is yet to be determined, the assessment considers a worst-case scenario, where each activity occurs continuously at a point on the Site boundary closest to the receptor for a 10-hour period and without any mitigation measures (e.g. screening or operational constraints) in place. Full details of the equipment assumed for each construction activity is provided in Appendix 12.4.

12.87 Construction works will likely take place for a period of 10 or more days in any 15 consecutive days.

12.19

12.88 An assessment of construction noise at each identified receptor has been undertaken, based on typical plant noise level data contained within Annex C of BS 5288 1:2009+A1:2014.

12.89 For the purposes of the construction noise assessment, Table 12.15 details the calculated ambient noise levels at the identified receptors and the associated threshold level determined in accordance BS5228:1 Section E3.2 and Table E.1. Due to limitations in the calculation of the ambient noise level, it is not possible to calculate the 10-hour LAeq for direct comparison with the threshold levels detailed in BS5228. The calculated 16-hour LAeq therefore forms the basis of the assessment. It is not considered that this would significantly affect the results of the assessment.

12.90 For the purpose of this assessment only the relevant receptors have been chosen to be assessed (the worst-case receptors), these are deemed to be the closest receptors.

Table 12.15: Ambient Noise Levels and Threshold Levels at Noise Sensitive Receptors

Receptors as referenced in Figure 12.6

Calculated Ambient Noise Level (dB LAeq,16h) and Threshold Level (dB LAeq,10h) at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Ambient Noise Level Threshold Level

A 60 65

B 60 65

C 60 65

D 55 65

G 59 65

H 59 65

I 59 65

12.91 Table 12.16 details the calculated construction noise level at the identified noise sensitive

receptors.

Table 12.16: Calculated Construction Noise Level

Receptor

Calculated Construction Noise Level (dB LAeq,10h) during Construction Stages at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Site Preparation Works

Demolition, Foundations and Substructure Works

Building Erection and Superstructure Works

Road Works Landscaping Works, Internal Building Construction and Fit-Out

A 83 79 91 84 73

B 81 77 90 82 70

12.20

Receptor

Calculated Construction Noise Level (dB LAeq,10h) during Construction Stages at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Site Preparation Works

Demolition, Foundations and Substructure Works

Building Erection and Superstructure Works

Road Works Landscaping Works, Internal Building Construction and Fit-Out

C 83 79 69 73 61

D 75 71 72 76 64

G 71 67 69 72 61

H 66 62 63 67 55

I 81 77 78 82 70

12.92 Table 12.17 details the potential impact of each construction stage at the assessment receptors,

without mitigation.

Table 12.17: Assessment of Impact for Construction Noise

Receptor

Noise Impact during Construction Stages at Noise Sensitive Receptor

Site Preparation Works

Demolition, Foundations and Substructure Works

Building Erection and Superstructure Works

Road Works Landscaping Works, Internal Building Construction and Fit-Out

A Large Large Large Large Large

B Large Large Large Large Large

C Large Large Medium Large Small

D Large Large Large Large Medium

G Large Medium Medium Large Small

H Medium Small Small Medium Negligible

I Large Large Large Large Medium

12.93 The sensitivity of the identified receptors are considered to be high. The magnitude of change is

considered to be negligible to large. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, short-term, adverse effect which is considered to be moderate.

12.21

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.94 As indicated by the results in Table 12.17, if the unmitigated construction actively occurs

continuously on the Site boundary for the entire 10-hour assessment period the noise impact will be moderate. However, it should be noted that this is a worst-case assessment without primary or tertiary mitigation measures in place.

12.95 Construction noise levels at the nearest noise sensitive receptors can be mitigated by careful phasing of the construction works as well as controlling the operation time and duration of each activity to reduce the noise impact at the receptor. Furthermore, in practice, the main construction activities will tend to take place towards the central area of the Site, away from the site boundary, which will further mitigate construction noise at the nearest noise sensitive receptors, reducing the noise impact considerably to minor/moderate impacts. As the primary mitigation is in place in the form of a CEMP, the magnitude of change associated with demolition and construction noise will be controlled.

Residual Effect 12.96 The sensitivity of receptors are considered to be high. Following the application of secondary

mitigation, the magnitude of change is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, short-term, adverse effect which is considered to be minor.

12.97 Construction noise events are typically short in duration and therefore, a temporary exceedance of the criteria level should be considered to be Not Significant.

Increase in Noise due to Construction Vehicular Movements on the Nearby Road Network 12.98 Major road links surrounding the Site include the Penarth Road and Dumballs Road. Construction

traffic from the Proposed Scheme on these roads could impact on surrounding existing receptors.

12.99 As described in DMRB LA111, in the short term, a change in road traffic flows of 25%, or a percentage heavy vehicle change of greater than 4%, would be required in order to result in a change in dB LA10,18hour sound level that exceeds the proposed criteria.

12.100 Based on the construction traffic flows, it is predicted that there will be up to 48 additional HGV movements on Dumballs Road and James Road. On review of the construction traffic flows in comparison to the overall AAWT 18, hour traffic flows, this does not equal an increase in road traffic flows of 25%, or a percentage heavy vehicle change of greater than 4% is unlikely to occur.

12.101 The sensitivity of the identified receptors is considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, short term, adverse effect which is considered to be negligible.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.102 No specific mitigation measure is recommended for the change in ambient noise levels due to

the change in traffic flows associated with the construction traffic.

12.22

Residual Effect 12.103 The sensitivity of the identified receptors are considered to be high. The magnitude of change,

following secondary mitigation, is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, short term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be negligible.

12.104 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Construction Vibration 12.105 Significant levels of vibration are normally only associated with piling activity and certain types of

earth compaction. Other construction activities are not normally a significant source of vibration.

12.106 It is unknown at this stage that piling will be required for the new buildings’ foundations.to present a worse case assessment it has been assumed that piling will be required. Typically, PPV values associated with piling are less than 0.5 mm/s at a distance of 10m and less than 0.3 at a distance of 20m.

12.107 The sensitivity of the identified receptors is considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, short term, adverse effect which is considered to be negligible.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.108 No specific mitigation measure is recommended for the vibration impact due to construction

vibration.

Residual Effect 12.109 The sensitivity of the identified receptors are considered to be high. The magnitude of change,

following secondary mitigation, is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, temporary, short term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be negligible.

12.110 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Operational Phase

Increase in Noise due to Vehicular Movements on the New Road Network: Future Receptors 12.111 The acoustic model was used to create noise maps showing the predicted noise levels across the

Site. The Parameter Plans, set out in Chapter 4. The Proposed Scheme, have been used to assess the impacts based on the noise contours produced.

12.112 The following noise contour maps for the future (year 2032) daytime and night-time with development scenarios were produced using the acoustic model:

12.113 Daytime: Noise grid map with a grid resolution of 5 m by 5 m, showing the LAeq,16h sound pressure levels. This is presented in Figure 12.7.

12.114 Night-time: Noise grid map with a grid resolution of 5 m by 5 m, showing LAeq,8h sound pressure levels. This is presented in Figure 12.8.

12.23

12.115 Table 12.18 below summaries the results of the assessment.

12.116 The proposed receptors have been broken down by residential blocks as per the Parameter Plans.

Table 12.18: Calculated Operational Noise Levels at Proposed Scheme Receptors

Proposed Receptor

Operational Environmental Sound Levels LAeq,T (dB)

Daytime

(07:00 – 23:00 hours)

Night-time

(23:00 – 07:00 hours)

RE1 59 – 67 51 – 59

RE2 59 – 63 51 – 55

RE3 59 – 63 51 – 55

RE4 59 – 63 51 – 55

RE5 59 - 67 51 – 61

RE6 59 – 67 51 – 61

RE7 59 – 67 49 – 61

CQ 59 – 61 49 – 53

CS 59 - 63 51 – 55

SH 59 – 63 49 - 55

12.117 Based on the results of the acoustic model and the proposed criteria presented in Table 12.18,

the impact is likely to be a medium to a large adverse impact in noise terms depending on the location of the proposed dwelling.

12.118 Dwellings overlooking the main noise sources Penarth Street, Dumballs Road and the internal link roads are likely to be subject to the higher noise levels reported in Table 12.18. This corresponds to a medium to high impact in noise terms.

12.119 It is likely that, the dwellings shielded from the main noise sources are likely to be subject to lower noise levels.

12.120 It is understood that communal gardens will be provided towards the centre of each residential parameter plot. It is likely that these will be shielded from the main noise sources across the site. As such, noise levels in the communal areas are expected to fall within the guidance levels provided in BS8233:2014.

12.24

12.121 The sensitivity of the proposed receptors is considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to be medium to high. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse effect which is considered to be moderate to major.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.122 Appropriate acoustic specification of building façade elements will result in appropriate internal

conditions in residential dwellings across the site.

12.123 Based on a review of external noise levels it is expected that appropriate internal noise levels can be achieved with the use of conventional double glazing and non-acoustic trickle ventilation on all facades.

12.124 It is likely that appropriate internal noise levels will only be achieved with windows closed. Consideration should therefore be given to reducing the requirement for occupants to open their windows (i.e. to regulate temperature within the room). This should be taken into account during any future assessment of overheating.

12.125 Purge ventilation is required throughout all buildings to aid the removal of high concentrations of pollutants and water vapour. It is commonly provided simply by opening windows and doors. Internal noise levels will increase as a result of opening windows, however, due to the temporary and intermittent occurrence this is not expected to result in an unacceptable increase in internal noise levels.

12.126 The mitigation outlined above is indicative in order to identify feasible mitigation options. It Is likely that the noise levels affecting new residential premises will be secured by a planning condition. A detailed acoustic assessment should be undertaken as part of the design of the scheme to establish the acoustic performance requirements of the various building elements.

12.127 Mitigation measures are unlikely to be required for the majority of potential external private amenity areas. However, amenity areas close to the existing and proposed noise sources in the area are likely to require mitigation measures to be considered during the detailed design of the Proposed Scheme including:

• Consideration of the layout of the buildings and the orientation to maximise acoustic screening of noise sensitive external areas from nearby noise sources;

• Use of acoustic barriers to reduce noise levels in areas adjacent to the existing and proposed noise sources.

12.128 By incorporating appropriate mitigation measures, operational noise affecting noise sensitive residential properties can be reduced to a minor impact in noise terms.

Residual Effect 12.129 The sensitivity of the receptors is considered to be high. The magnitude of change, following

secondary mitigation, is considered to be negligible. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be negligible.

12.25

12.130 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Increase in Noise due to Vehicular Movements on the New Road Network: Existing Receptors 12.131 The road traffic noise assessment considers the change in ambient noise levels at existing

receptors as a result of changes in the 18-hour AAWT traffic flows between the potential future traffic flows with and without the Proposed Scheme

12.132 The predicted change in noise levels based on the traffic flow predictions for 2032 Do Something Scenario, at the identified noise sensitive receptors, are presented in Table 12.19 below.

Table 12.19: Predicted Change in Noise Levels at Existing Noise Sensitive Receptors

Noise Sensitive Receptor Predicted change, in dB Predicted Impact in Noise Terms

A < 2.9 Small

B < 1 Negligible

C < 1 Negligible

D < 1 Negligible

E < 1 Negligible

F < 1 Negligible

G < 1 Negligible

H < 1 Negligible

I < 1 Negligible

12.133 The impact at noise sensitive receptors identified in Table 12.19 is likely to be a negligible to a

small adverse impact in noise terms depending on the change in traffic levels on the roads in the immediate vicinity of the receptor. The assessment considers noise sensitive receptors close to roads identified as having changes in traffic flows as a result of the Proposed Scheme. The impact at noise sensitive receptors not identified in Table 12.19 would be not significant.

12.134 The sensitivity of the identified receptors is considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse effect which is considered to be minor.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.135 No specific mitigation measure is recommended for the change in ambient noise levels due to

the change in traffic flows associated with the Proposed Scheme.

Residual Effect 12.136 The sensitivity of the identified receptors are considered to be high. The magnitude of change is

considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be Minor.

12.26

12.137 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Increase in Noise due to Operation of the Multi-Storey Car Park 12.138 The potential noise impact associated with the use of the proposed car parks relates to changes

in ambient noise levels due to vehicle movements and activities (i.e. door slams and switching engines on) during the operation of the proposed new car parks.

12.139 The assessment calculates the change in ambient noise levels due to the sound levels generated by the car park during weekday peak hours at the relevant receptors A, C and H. Receptor A has been included as the closest noise sensitive receptor to the proposed car parks. However, receptor A is an educational facility (Cardiff and Vale College) which, although classed as a receptor of high sensitivity, it is mostly sensitive during the daytime. As such, to present a worse case assessment, Receptors C and H have been included. Where receptor C is the closest residential receptor of high sensitivity to the proposed car park in the parameter plot BG and receptor H is the closest residential receptor of high sensitivity to the proposed car park in the parameter plot RE7.

12.140 Measurements of car movements associated with the car parks have previously been undertaken. Activities measured included:

• Car driving in, manoeuvring and stopping including occupant exiting the car and door slam;

• Occupant getting in car, slamming door, manoeuvring and driving away; and

• The car surveyed was a Volvo V40 hatchback, considered to be representative of a typical car.

12.141 The likely noise impact of the car parks operations has been assessed based on car arrival (including door slam) and car departure (including door slam). Sound levels used in the assessment are provided in Table 12.20.

Table 12.20: Typical Sound Level Associated with Car Park Activity

Source Activity SEL at 3 m (dB)

Car Driving In, Manoeuvring and Stopping Including Occupant Exiting the Car and Door Slam

74

Occupant Getting in Car, Slamming Door, Manoeuvring and Driving Away

77

Trip Generation 12.142 The proposed car park movements (arrivals and departures) have been established for the

proposed car parks based on the parameters of the Proposed Scheme (as described in Chapter 10. Transport and Access). The hourly data is not available, and so the AM and PM peak hour has been used.

12.27

12.143 Table 12.21 details the estimated AM and PM peak hour car movements associated with the proposed car parks in plots BG and RE1. The estimated movements have been used for the daytime assessment.

Table 12.21: Proposed Peak Hour Car Movements

Location Period

Proposed Car Parks movements during Peak Hour

Arrive Depart Total

BG AM 161 162 323

PM 168 169 337

RE7 AM 161 162 323

PM 168 169 337

12.144 The 1-hour ambient sound level on has been derived from the worst-case (minimum) AM and PM LAeq,1h during the environmental sound survey period from measurements locations LT1 for receptor C, LT2 for receptor A and LT3 for receptor H. The lowest measured LAeq,1h. The sound levels are detailed in Table 12.22.

Table 12.22: Measured Minimum Ambient Sound Level

Receptor Time Period Measured Minimum Ambient

Sound Level (dB LAeq,1h)

A AM 60

PM 59

C AM 58

PM 53

H AM 53

PM 49

Noise Impact Assessment 12.145 Tables 12.23 and 12.24 details the calculated sound level at the worst affected facades of

Receptors A (west façade) and C (north façade) and H (south façade) due to the operation of the Car Parks BG and RE7 and the subsequent change in ambient sound level as a result of the operations.

12.28

Table 12.23: Car Parks Noise Impact Assessment Summary - BG

Calculation Description

Sound Level (dB)

Receptor A Receptor C* Receptor H

AM PM AM PM AM PM

Measured Ambient Sound Level (LAeq,1h)

60 59 58 53 53 49

Calculated Sound Level (Car Parks Only) (LAeq,1h)

57 57 47 37 47 47

Cumulative Ambient Sound Level at Receptor (LAeq,1h)

62 61 58 53 54 51

Change in Ambient Sound Level during Peak Hour (LAeq,1h)

+ 2 + 2 0 0 +1 +2

*This receptor will be shielded from the proposed car park by existing or proposed building. A – 10 dB correction has been applied to the calculated sound level associated with the car parks only (LAeq,1h)

Table 12.24: Car Parks Noise Impact Assessment Summary – RE7

Calculation Description

Sound Level (dB)

Receptor A* Receptor C* Receptor H*

AM PM AM PM AM PM

Measured Ambient Sound Level (LAeq,1h)

60 59 58 53 50 49

Calculated Sound Level (Car Parks Only) (LAeq,1h)

49 50 41 41 37 37

Cumulative Ambient Sound Level at Receptor (LAeq,1h)

60 59 58 53 50 49

Change in Ambient Sound Level during Peak Hour (LAeq,1h)

0 0 0 0 0 0

12.29

*This receptor will be shielded from the proposed car park by existing or proposed building. A – 10 dB correction has been applied to the calculated sound level associated with the car parks only (LAeq,1h)

12.146 The results of the calculations indicate that the change in ambient sound level due to the car parks would be negligible to small in terms of the noise impact.

12.147 It should be noted that the above assessment is considered to be worst case. Typically, cars using the car parks will be located at greater distances from the receptors, decreasing the level of impact.

12.148 The sensitivity of receptors A, C and H are considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct permanent, long-term adverse effect which is considered to be minor.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.149 No specific secondary mitigation measures are required.

Residual Effect 12.150 The sensitivity of receptors A, C and H are considered to be high. The magnitude of change,

following secondary mitigation, is considered to be negligible to small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct permanent, long-term adverse effect which is considered to be minor.

12.151 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Noise from Operation of new Water Taxi Stop 12.152 The potential noise impact associated with the use of the proposed taxi relates to changes in

ambient noise levels due to water taxi movement and activities (i.e. pulling up to dock, people getting off/on pulling away from dock) during the operation periods of the proposed water taxi.

12.153 The assessment calculates the change in ambient noise levels due to the sound levels generated by the water taxis during a measurement period at the environmental measurements location ST2 along the Taff Embankment Road, at a location representative of Receptor G which are considered the closest noise sensitive receptors to the location of the proposed water taxi stop.

12.154 Measurements of a 12-passenger boat on Cardiff Bay have been undertaken. Activities measured included:

• Water taxi pulling up to dock;

• Passengers getting off the water taxi;

• Passengers getting on the water taxi; and

• Water taxi pulling away from the dock.

12.155 The water taxi surveyed was a 12-passenger boat, considered to be representative of proposed water taxi.

12.30

12.156 The likely noise impact of the water taxi operations has been assessed based on water taxi arrival and water taxi departure. Sound levels used in the assessment are provided in Table 12.25.

Table 12.25: Measured Sound Level Associated with 12 Passenger Boat on Cardiff Bay

Date Start Time (hh:mm)

Duration (mm:ss)

Distance from Source

Source Activity SEL at 15 m (dB)

18/11/2020 10:36 01:00 15 Passenger boat arriving and passenger departing

73

18/11/2020 10:29 00:30 15 Passengers boarding and passenger boat departing

76

Trip Generation 12.157 It is currently unknown how many water taxis are proposed or how many trips per hour the

water taxis will undertake. The assessment has been based on the assumption that there will be 2 water taxis each undertaking 1 trip per hour.

12.158 Table 12.26 details the assumed movements associated with the proposed water taxis. It is assumed, due to the nature of the water taxi service, there will be no night- time movements.

Table 12.26: Proposed Peak Hour Boat Movements

Location Proposed Water Taxi Movements during Peak Hour

Arrive Depart Total

Proposed Water Taxi Dock

2 2 4

Ambient Sound Levels (LAeq,1h) 12.159 The 1-hour ambient sound level measured on Tuesday 17 November 2020 at position ST2,

considered representative of noise levels at the nearest noise sensitive receptors on Taff Embankment, Receptors G has been used. The sound levels are detailed in Table 12.27.

12.31

Table 12.27: Measured Ambient Sound Level

Date Time Measured Ambient Sound

Level (dB LAeq,1 hour)

Tuesday 17 November 2020

10:50 – 11:50 63

Noise Impact Assessment 12.160 Table 12.28 details the calculated sound level at the worst-case façades of Receptor G (east

façade) due to the operation of the water taxi and the subsequent change in ambient sound level as a result of the operations.

Table 12.28: Water Taxi Noise Impact Assessment Summary

Calculation Description

Sound Level (dB)

Receptor G

Daytime

Measured Ambient Sound Level (LAeq,1h) 63

Calculated Sound Level (Water Taxi only) (LAeq,1h)

43

Cumulative Ambient Sound Level at Receptor (LAeq,1h)

63

Change in Ambient Sound Level during Weekend Peak Hour (LAeq,1h)

0

12.161 The sensitivity of receptor G is considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to

be negligible. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct permanent long-term adverse effect which is considered to be Negligible.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.162 No specific mitigation measures are recommended for the noise impact associated with the

proposed water taxi.

Residual Effect 12.163 The sensitivity of receptor G is considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to

be negligible. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct permanent long-term adverse residual effect which is considered to be Negligible.

12.164 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

12.32

Noise from Existing Substation 12.165 An existing Primary substation is present in the north-west of the Site. Based on data provided

by Western Power Distribution it is understood that the substation consists of two 12/24 MVA, 33/11 kV transformers and a brick building containing an 11 kV Switchboard, transformer protection and AVC control panels, 110V batteries and chargers and telecontrol SCADA equipment.

12.166 It is currently expected that the Primary sub-station will remain in its current location and therefore this plant has been included in the assessment.

12.167 Based on the information provided in IEC 60076-10-1 ‘Determination of sound levels application guide’ it is likely that the transformers will have a sound power level of approximately 65 dBA.

12.168 Western Power Distribution requires that the minimum distance that any building can be from the existing substation is 15 m.

12.169 For the purposes of this assessment, the background sound levels measured at the environmental sound survey at location LT4 have been used to inform the assessment and are considered to be representative of the background sound levels close to the substation.

12.170 Table 12.29 details the calculated magnitude of change associated with the existing substation.

Table 12.29: Calculated Magnitude of Change Associated with the Existing Substation

Calculation Description Daytime (0700 – 2300 hours)

Night-time (2300 – 0700)

Sound Power Level 65

Sound Pressure Level at 15 m (1No. Transformer)

34

Number of Transformers 2

Sound Pressure Level at 15 m (2No. Transformer)

37

Measured Background Sound Level (LA90, 15

minutes) 51 34

Difference between Calculated Rating Level and Measured Background Noise Level

-14 +3

Magnitude of Change Negligible Small

12.171 As the assessment undertaken is based on parameter plans, it is not possible to directly assess

the magnitude of impact of the existing substation on potential new receptors in those parameter plots identified. However, based on the minimum separation requirements outlined by Western Power Distribution, the worst-case impact would be small.

12.33

12.172 The sensitivity of the future residential receptors in parameter plots RE1 and RE2 are considered to be high. The magnitude of change is considered to be small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse effect which is considered to be minor

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.173 When the location of specific receptor locations are established, a detailed assessment may

indicate that additional mitigation measures such as receptor set-back and receptor orientation are required. Use of these measures could further reduce the magnitude of change from that established as part of this assessment.

12.174 The use of mitigation for the substation itself should also be considered. Mitigation measures available include, but are not limited to:

• Acoustic enclosures for the existing substation; and

• Acoustic barriers and bunds.

12.175 It is likely that noise from the substation will be controlled via a considered planning condition. It is expected that such a condition will have regards to guidance provided in BS 4142:2014.

Residual Effect 12.176 The sensitivity of the future residential receptors in parameter plots RE1 and RE2 are considered

to be high. The magnitude of change, following secondary mitigation, is considered to be small. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be negligible.

12.177 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Noise from Play Areas 12.178 At this stage there are no detailed locations specifying where proposed play areas will be within

the Proposed Scheme. Identifying locations for play areas will form part of the detailed design process and take account of guidance relating to minimising noise impacts. In order to keep disruption of neighbours to a minimum, guidance is provided in Fields in Trust’s document ‘Planning and Design for Outdoor Sport and Play’. Within the document, it is recommended that the outdoor play areas are located a minimum of 30 m from the façade of the nearest dwelling.

12.179 It is therefore recommended that this guideline is followed in future detailed planning applications.

12.180 The sensitivity of the future residential receptors are considered to be high. The magnitude of change, is considered to be negligible. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be negligible.

Secondary Mitigation or Enhancement 12.181 Provided the set back distances are followed no specific secondary mitigation measures are

required.

12.34

Residual Effect 12.182 The sensitivity of the future residential receptors are considered to be high. The magnitude of

change, is considered to be negligible. Therefore, there is likely to be a direct, permanent, long-term, adverse residual effect which is considered to be negligible.

12.183 This effect is considered to be Not Significant.

Limitation and Assumptions

12.184 To ensure transparency within the EIA process, the following limitations and assumptions have been identified.

• Limitations are associated with the environmental sound survey. The Engineer noticed nothing unusual in terms of the sound climate at the time of the survey. This Chapter refers, within the limitations stated, to the environment of the Site in the context of the surrounding area at the time of the inspections. Environmental conditions can vary. No warranty is given as to the possibility of changes in the environment of the Site and surrounding area at differing times;

• To inform the assessment, use of predicted traffic flows/acoustic modelling has been undertaken, together with the sound survey data which is considered an appropriate methodology given the current uncertainty on representative traffic flows due to COVID-19. Whilst the sound surveys results are considered to be representative given the comparisons with available desktop data (strategic noise maps produced by Defra under the Environmental Noise (Wales) Regulations, 2006) additional sound surveys during detailed design stage could be undertaken to provide validation.

• Owing to the nature of the survey (i.e. unattended), it is not possible to accurately comment on the weather conditions throughout the entire survey period. However, at the beginning of the unattended survey period, the temperature was cool (12 °C) with a light breeze from the east (approx. < 5 ms-1) and approximately 100% cloud cover, with no precipitation. At the end of the survey period, the temperature was cold (9 °C) with a gentle breeze from the east (approx. < 2 ms-1) and approximately 80 % cloud cover with no precipitation. Therefore, the weather conditions are considered suitable for obtaining representative measurements;

• Due to the size of the Proposed Scheme and the nature of the surrounding area, a limited selection of noise sensitive receptors has been identified to represent the worst-case change in the environmental noise climate as detailed in the Assessment Methodology section. As such, this means that not every single noise-sensitive receptor has been included within this assessment, only worst-case receptors have been selected;

• As a detailed construction methodology and sequence is yet to be determined, the assessment considers a worst-case scenario, where each activity occurs continuously at a point on the Site boundary closest to the receptor for a 10-hour period and without any mitigation measures (e.g. screening or operational constraints) in place. Full details of the equipment assumed for each construction activity is provided in Appendix 12.4; and

12.35

• The operational details of the proposed water taxi are unknown at this stage. Assumptions regarding the number of services and the frequency have been made based on similar services.

Summary

12.185 A baseline environmental sound survey has been undertaken at a number of locations at the Site to establish the existing environmental sound climate.

12.186 A computer acoustic model has been prepared to assist with the baseline studies and to calculate the likely noise impact arising from the operational phase of the Proposed Scheme.

12.187 The existing sound climate at the Site is dominated by traffic movements on the surrounding road network.

12.188 An assessment has been undertaken of the likely noise impacts associated with the construction phase of the Proposed Scheme. Noise limits for the construction activities have been proposed at the nearest existing receptors in accordance with British Standard 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 Code of Practice for Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites and Guidelines on Noise Control for Construction Sites. Mitigation measures have been outlined based on best practice measures presented in BS 5288-1:2009+A1:2014.

12.189 It is considered that, with mitigation in place, the residual impact is likely to be negligible to small, which is Not Significant.

12.190 The potential noise impact on the Proposed Scheme has been assessed. Mitigation measures have been outlined to meet the internal noise level criteria. By incorporating appropriate mitigation measures, operational noise affecting new residential noise sensitive residential dwellings is considered to be a negligible impact and therefore Not Significant. For the operational potential effects at existing noise sensitive receptors, the change in noise levels on the roads has been assessed. The results of the assessment show that the changes in noise levels due to the changes in road traffic are likely to be up to a negligible to small impact and therefore Not Significant.

12.191 For the operational potential effects at existing noise sensitive receptors, the change in noise levels associated with the proposed car park has been assessed. The results of the assessment show that the changes in noise levels due to the proposed car parks are likely to be up to a negligible to small impact and therefore Not Significant.

12.192 For the operational potential effects at existing noise sensitive receptors, the change in noise levels associated with the proposed water taxi has been assessed. The results of the assessment show that the changes in noise levels due to the proposed water taxi is likely to be up to a negligible impact and therefore Not Significant.

12.193 For noise associated with the existing substation, the results of the assessment show that it is likely to be a negligible to small impact and therefore not significant.

12.36

12.194 Table 12.30 provides a summary of the effects, receptors, residual effects and a conclusion as to whether the effect is Significant or Not Significant.

Table 12.30: Summary of Effects, receptors and Residual Effects

Effect Receptor Residual Effect Is the Effect Significant?

Construction Phase

Noise from construction phases

A, B, C, D, G, H, I Minor Adverse NO

Vibration from construction phases

A, B, C, D, G, H, I Negligible NO

Increase in Noise due to Construction Vehicular Movements on the Nearby Road Network

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I Negligible NO

Operational Phase

Increase in noise due to vehicular movements on the nearby road network – Future Receptors

Parameter plots: RE1, RE2, RE3, RE4, RE5, RE6, RE7, CQ, CS, SH

Negligible NO

Increase in noise due to vehicular movements on the nearby road network – Existing Receptors

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I Minor Adverse NO

Increase in noise due to operation of the Multi-storey car park

A, C, H Minor Adverse NO

Noise from operation of new water taxi stop

G Negligible NO

Noise from Existing Substation

Future residential dwellings in plots RE1 and RE2

Negligible NO

Noise from play areas Future residential dwellings near to play area

Negligible NO

12.37

References

1 Control of Pollution Act (CoPA ), 1974; Available from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/40 .(Accessed on 01/11/2020) 2 Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1990; Available from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/43/contents . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 3 EU Directive 2002/49/EC relating to assessment and management of environmental noise, 2002; Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32002L0049 . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 4 Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act, 2015; Available from https://www.futuregenerations.wales/about-us/future-generations-act/ . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 5 Noise and soundscape action plan 2018 – 2023 Available from https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-04/noise-and-soundscape-action-plan.pdf . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 6 Cardiff Local Development Plan – 2006 to 2026, 2016 Available from https://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ENG/resident/Planning/Local-Development-Plan/Pages/default.aspx . (Accessed 01/11/2020) 7 Planning Guidance Wales, Technical Advice Note (Wales) 11, Noise, 1997; Available from https://gov.wales/technical-advice-note-tan-11-noise . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 8 Guidelines for Community Noise, World Health Organization (WHO), 1999; Available from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217 . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 9 Night Noise Guidelines for Europe, World Health Organization, 2009; Available from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/43316/E92845.pdf . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 10 ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE GUIDELINES for the European Region – 2018 Available from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66217 . (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 11 BS 8233:2014 ‘Guidance on sound insulation and noise reduction for buildings’, British Standards Institute, 2014 12 BS 4142:2014+A1:2019 ‘Methods for rating and assessing industrial and commercial sound’, 2019 13 BS 5228-1:2009+A1:2014 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites - Part 1: Noise’, British Standards Institute, 2009 + A1:2014, 2014 14 BS 5228-2:2009 ‘Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites – Part 2: Vibration’, British Standards Institute, 2009 15 BS EN 61672-1:2013 ‘Electroacoustics. Sound level meters. Specifications’, British Standards Institute, 2013 16 BS 2003 ‘Description and measurement of environmental noise – Part 1: Guide to quantities and procedures’, British Standards Institute, 2003 17 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), LA 111 Noise and vibration, 2020. https://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/dmrb/search/cc8cfcf7-c235-4052-8d32-d5398796b364 (Accessed on 01/11/2020) 18 IEMA Guidelines for Environmental Noise Impact Assessment 2014 19 IEC 60076-10-1, 2016 20 Planning and Design for Outdoor Sport, 2001.