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CCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics ReviewCCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics Review

TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models

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DisclaimerDisclaimer

This review is for the exclusive non-profit use by Cisco Academy instructors and students only!Contents of this review were derived from the following

sources under the doctrine of US copyright “Fair Use” section 107:

• Cisco Networking Academy Curricula: Discovery Networking for Home and Small Businesses version 4.x

• Interactive Course Guide, Cisco Learning Institute• CCENT/CCNA ICND 1 Official Exam Certification Guide, 2nd ed.

by Wendell Odom, Cisco Press, 2008; ISBN1-58720-182-2• Cisco Learning Network

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987• Other references footnoted in individual slide notes area.

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Error ReportingError Reporting

Please report any errors in this presentation to:remeyers@mail.wvu.eduDon’t rant! Let me know where I made a mistake so it can

be fixed. Feel free to add, subtract, modify, this presentation with

the request that the WVU master and my name be removed from your results.

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CCENT Exam TopicsCCENT Exam Topics

Describe the operation of data networksUse the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated

protocols to explain how data flows in a networkDescribe the purpose and basic operation of the

protocols in the OSI and TCP models

https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987

April 19, 2023

TCP/IP Protocol ArchitectureTCP/IP Protocol Architecture

The TCP/IP model is a description framework for computer network protocols created in the 1970s by the US Department of Defense.1

It describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network.2

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TCP/IP Protocol ArchitectureTCP/IP Protocol Architecture

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TCP/IP Application LayerTCP/IP Application Layer

Defines and provides services to the PC application software, such as browser requests for web page file transfersHTTP – request and responseHTML – to properly read and display received file

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TCP/IP Transport LayerTCP/IP Transport Layer

Provides the Application layer with communication session and datagram servicesTransport Control Protocol: One-to-one, connection-

oriented, reliable, error free delivery of data.User Datagram Protocol: Connectionless, unreliable data

delivery

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TCP/IP Internet LayerTCP/IP Internet Layer

Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing functions .Internet Protocol

• Hierarchical IP addressing of networks and hosts• Packet routing by transferring data from router to router.

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TCP/IP Network Addressing LayerTCP/IP Network Addressing Layer

Defines protocols and hardware required to deliver data across a physical network.Serves the Internet layer by encapsulating data with

appropriate framing for the physical network.

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Data EncapsulationData Encapsulation

Data is “wrapped” with protocol information at each layer of the TCP/IP model when a host transmits data to another device across a network

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Data Encapsulation Example in TCP/IPData Encapsulation Example in TCP/IP

ApplicationData from browser gets an HTTP header

TransportHTTP request is segmented with each segment getting a

port and sequence number.Internet

Each TCP segment gets an IP address header and becomes a packet.

Network AccessEach IP packet gets a frame header and trailer including

frame check sum error information.Data bits encoded for proper physical delivery; copper,

fiber, wireless

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Data Encapsulation Terms in TCP/IPData Encapsulation Terms in TCP/IP

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Data Encapsulation Example in TCP/IPData Encapsulation Example in TCP/IP

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OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model

The Open Systems Interconnect Model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 19847 layer model

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OSI Layering Concepts and BenefitsOSI Layering Concepts and Benefits

Less complex and easier to learnBreaks concepts into smaller easier to explain parts

Standard InterfacesVendor neutral for open developmentMulti-vendor interoperability of applications & devices

Modular engineeringApplications and hardware device development can be

done at any layer

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OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model

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OSI Protocol Data UnitsOSI Protocol Data Units

PDU contains data as well as header/trailer at each layer similar to TCP/IP model

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Data Flow Using TCP/IP & OSI ModelsData Flow Using TCP/IP & OSI Models

data

data

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