12/1/2005 page 1 engineering & technology management group engineering technology management...

12/1/2005 Engineering & Technology Management Group

Eng

inee

ring Technology

ManagementTracking the Constant of Change

ManagementHistory

Society Legal Aspects

LogisticsSupply Chain

SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk

TechnicalInformation

MultidisciplineDesign

ProductDevelopment

— Introduction to Knowledge Management

— Case Study #1: Modern Design of Experiments (MDOE):A KM Approach to Aerospace TestingRichard DeLoach, Senior Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center

— Case Study #2: Portal Design for KM ApplicationsEdward Ng - Program Element Manager/KM, Jet Propulsion Laboratory

— Case Study #3: Promoting Organizational Learning: A Virtual Overview via WebEx Edward Rogers, KM Architect - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

— Knowledge Management: The Path AheadBill Woishnis, Founder and mechanical engineer, Knovel.com

The 2006 Delta Forum: Coming to Consensus on KM in Aerospace

04/10/23 2Engineering & Technology Management Group

2006 Delta Forum:Coming to Consensus on KM in Aerospace

Mr. Gerald Steeman, Technical Information TC Library and Information Services Branch

Office of the Chief Information OfficerNASA Langley Research Center

Eng

inee

ring

Technology


SystemsEngineering

ManagementHistory


Economics


Risk



ProductDevelopment


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Introduction to Knowledge Management

• Knowledge Management Definitions• Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom • Tacit, Explicit, and Implicit Knowledge• Managing Knowledge in an Organization


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Some Definitions of KM

• Knowledge management…– …includes not only the acquisition, accumulation, and

utilization of existing knowledge, but also the creation of new knowledge (Nonaka & Takeuchi, Knowledge-creating company, 1995)


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment


• Knowledge management…– …is the management discipline that focuses on

improving the means by which individual and collectively-held knowledge is produced and integrated in organizations (McElroy, http://dir.jayde.com/ profile10078843.html, @2000)


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment


• Knowledge management…– …is getting the right information to the right people at

the right time, and helping people create knowledge and share and act upon information in ways that will measurably improve the performance of NASA and its partners. (KM at NASA)


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment


• Knowledge management…– …it is, in large part, a management fad, promulgated

mainly by certain consultancy companies, and the probability is that it will fade away like previous fads. It rests on two foundations: the management of information - where a large part of the fad exists (and where the 'search and replace marketing' phenomenon is found), and the effective management of work practices. (Wilson, T.D. (2002) "The nonsense of 'knowledge management'" Information Research, 8(1), paper no. 144 Available at http://InformationR.net/ir/8-1/paper144.html)


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

How to do Knowledge Management

Hire good people and let them talk to each other.

Attributed to Larry Prusak

Full timePart time

ContractorConsultant

RehireRetain

Evaluation tools;

Matching needs with skills base

In person;Groups;

Across time and space;

Explicit and Tacit

Create opportunities;

Remove obstacles

Diversity of thought;Get hires

from different

backgrounds

All employees, no pre-set

groups

Employers should commit to what follows

the “and.”

Across the organization; cross-fertilization of ideas

“Talk to” not “Talk at”; Promote

exchanges of information

and development

of ideas


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Knowledge Management – Elephant Analogy


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Data


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Information

Information has context and is transmitted to a consumer.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Knowledge

Knowledge is familiarity, awareness or understanding gained through experience or study.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Wisdom

A wise choice of foot apparel when working with elephants.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Types of Knowledge -

From: Nickols, F. W. (2000). The knowledge in knowledge management. In Cortada, J.W. & Woods, J.A. (Eds) The knowledge management yearbook 2000-2001 (pp. 12-21). Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann

Also: http://home.att.net/~nickols/Knowledge_in_KM.htm.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Back to the Elephant Analogy

The parable of the blindfolded men and the elephant.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

The Whole of an Organization’s Knowledge

A complete representation of knowledge from multiple perspectives.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

How Knowledge is Fragmented

Typically knowledge is compartmentalized across an organization.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

…enter Knowledge Management…


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Knowledge Management Success So Far?

There is still much room for improvement.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Overlay of KM Component Areas

From http://km.nasa.gov

Hire good people and let them talk to each other.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

New KM Listserv

• KM-Government -- Knowledge Management in Government Agencies –

This list provides an informal place for members of government agencies to discuss best practices, processes and tools that are being used for knowledge management in the federal sector. The list has been operational approximately four weeks and has 40 members representing: NASA, DAU, Army, Navy, State, DFAS, USPS, GSA, JWAC, GPO, NRC and Corp of Engineers.

– You may join the listserv by going to the following URL:

https://lists.nasa.gov/mailman/listinfo/km-government

– Please indicate that you found out about the listserv at the Delta Forum upon your first post

– Greta Lowe, List Moderator, NASA Langley ([email protected])

• The Federal CIO Council has a more formal listserv for KM (KMWG) located at http://KM.gov.


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Engineering & Technology Management Group

Questions on this Session?

Folder

Exchange: Definitions: "What We Talk about When We Talk About KM?"


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Backup Slides


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

What is Knowledge?

Data

Information

Knowledge

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom

Adapted from: Managing Knowledge @work by Federal CIO Council

Data + Context : Information is data that are organized, grouped, and/or categorized.; Information moves around organizations (Ex: Technical Report outlining data errors and new instrumentation design)

=

Unorganized Facts; data are sets of discrete facts; Data reside in a fixed place (Ex: unanalyzed feed from atmospheric instruments)

=

=

Information + Interpretation/ judgment; Knowledge is familiarity, awareness or understanding gained through experience or study. It results from making comparisons, identifying consequences and making contentions. Knowledge also includes judgment and rules of thumb developed over the time through trial and error (Ex: development of new technology for better data collection )

Wisdom

Explicit = formal, documented knowledge recorded on any type of media

Tacit = personal “know how” that is often difficult to articulate in documented form


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Explicit Knowledge

Formally documented knowledge– Books, technical reports, journal articles and conferences, proceedings,

newspapers, trade publications, standards and specifications, engineering drawings, employee directories, market and financial data, product information

Collect Filter Analyze

Knowledge creation process

Knowledge

JRC


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Enablers of Explicit Knowledge

Growth of Internet Semantic Web

Taxonomies Non-Text Web Search

&

Retrieval


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Tacit Knowledge

• Employee knowledge, expertise, and experiences - not formally documented

• Cross-industry surveys report almost 75% of corporate knowledge is tacit knowledge*

* Source: “Knowledge Management: Assessing Your Corporate Knowledge,” Mimi Ho, CIO.com, http://www2.cio.com/analyst/report2436.html

People

JRC


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Enablers of Tacit Knowledge

Collaboration and Expert Locator Technologies

Retaining the Retired

Corporate Universities

“It will not be long before corporations will be compelled to

open and operate their own school in order to train own workers.”

-- The Futurist (Sep-Oct 2003)

Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Agents

Ramona - http://www.kurzweilai.net/


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

• Value =

• Organizations must be able to assign a commodity value to knowledge they produce and retain.

– Intellectual capital indices – Skandia Navigator• Annual visualization of corporate intellectual capital

– Measuring business outcomes – 3M Example• “15%-rule” measured by involvement, improvement, and outcome

– Balance Scorecard - APQC framework• Financial, Customer, Internal, and Innovation & Learning scores

Getting and Defining Value


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Industry and Government Perspectives

Industry Government

Effective Knowledge Management

Greater Profits Reduced Taxes

Vibrant Economy

Partnerships


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

Today’s Human Capital Drivers – Tomorrow’s Need For KM

Derived from: National Science Board, Nation Science Foundation information

Given these trends, the population of future engineers and scientists will need the type of knowledge collection and transfer KM promotes

Enr

ollm

ents

Doc

tora

tes

Ear

ned

Late 1980s 2000

Engineering Undergraduates down 20%Engineering Graduate Students down 18.5%Science Graduate Students downturn

Engineering declined by 15%Physics declined by 22%

Aerospace Graduate Students down 15.5%


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

The Aerospace Sector: Poised for KM?

• Three questions:– Is your organization losing people to

retirement?– Is your organization trying to hire skilled

employees?– Does your organization have an Information

Technology and Data Management infrastructure where intellectual capital resides?


Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

= 6 nodes

= 12 lines of communications

= 24 input/output connections

KM as the Connections Between People

= 10 nodes



= 6 nodes




Eng

inee

ring Technology


ManagementHistory



SystemsEngineering

Economics

Risk



ProductDevelopment

KM Tools and Terms

after action reviews algorithms brainstorming business intelligence business process reengineering case study/studies cognitive mapping collaborative systems communications communities of practice competitive advantage conceptual modelling core competences culture decision support double loop learning explicit knowledge facilitation good practice group decision support group workshops groupware information systems innovation intellectual capital inter-organisational knowledge and information knowledge acquisition knowledge audit knowledge based systems knowledge communities knowledge context knowledge creation knowledge dissemination knowledge drift knowledge management practice knowledge management strategy knowledge management system

knowledge management theory knowledge management tools knowledge model knowledge sharing knowledge stocks and flows knowledge transfer knowledge transmission knowledge use/utilisation learning life cycle meaning of knowledge measurement narrative approaches networks ontology organisational learning organisational memory outsourcing performance management philosophy portal reflective practice repositories sensemaking small teams SMEs social capital socio-technical systems soft OR sticky knowledge storytelling strategy formulation systems thinking tacit knowledge telecommunications theory of knowledge trust user-oriented workflow

12/1/2005 page 1 engineering & technology management group engineering technology management...

Documents

management of information

management fad

management discipline

right information

nasa slide

portal design

aerospace slide

organization slide