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Supporting: stratospheric/tropospheric chemistry, cryospheric science, hurricane observations, atmospheric physics/radiation, terrestrial biosphere studies, satellite cal/val, and instrument development. Outstanding examples of accomplishments in each area:

Process Study - Atmospheric chemistry - “smoking gun” for stratospheric chemistry from AAOE demonstrates role of chlorine in destroying polar ozone

Environmental Characterizations - airborne lidar observations of the Greenland ice sheet; and the effects of large-scale biomass burning in the Amazon & S. Africa

Satellite Validation - CRYSTAL/FACE: detailed in situ observations of clouds being observed from satellites; SAFARI 2000: validating MODIS aerosol algorithms

Instrumentation R&D - initial tests of remote sensing technologies: Aquarius/sea surface salinity sensor; ICESat/Lidars; TRMM/Doppler Radars; & many others

A Long History of Worldwide Science Field Campaigns

Historical NASA Deployment Sites

Each badge represents a major multi-platform science campaign

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Arctic Ocean Ice

In 2007, the Arctic ocean ice decreased to its lowest ever coverage – a full 15% less.

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Models to Actual Artic Ice meltThis suggests that current model projections may in fact provide a conservative estimate of future Arctic change, and that the summer Arctic sea ice may disappear considerably earlier than IPCC projections

04/21/23 7Gregory and Huybrechts Nature (vol 428, p 616)

How stable is the Greenland Ice Sheet?

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A rapid melt of Arctic ocean ice could increase the rate of Greenland ice melt.

This chart from Overpeck shows a 2 meter sea level rise in red.

Why this is a National Security Issue

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* To be Flown Summer 2009

NASA IPY FlightsARCTAS, AMISA, OIB, UAVSAR, OIB-FAI, CASIE & GloPAC

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5 Generations

8,000 preceding generations 100,000s generationsto follow

Oil Discoveries vs. Oil Usage

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Where Humans Live…and HowWhere Humans Live…and How

Pressure on Planet = Population + Affluence

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CFCs (Freon) destroy ozone.

Success Story: ChlorofluorocarbonsSuccess Story: Chlorofluorocarbons

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Airborne Science Discovers CFC’s as Ozone hole main contributor

How policy has protected our planet

Can Airborne Data and Policymakers make a Difference

High FlightHigh FlightOh! I have slipped the surly bonds of EarthOh! I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth

And danced the skies on laughter-silvered wings;And danced the skies on laughter-silvered wings;Sunward I've climbed, and joined the tumbling mirthSunward I've climbed, and joined the tumbling mirthOf sun-split clouds, — and done a hundred thingsOf sun-split clouds, — and done a hundred things

You have not dreamed of — wheeled and soared and swungYou have not dreamed of — wheeled and soared and swungHigh in the sunlit silence. Hov'ring there,High in the sunlit silence. Hov'ring there,

I've chased the shouting wind along, and flungI've chased the shouting wind along, and flungMy eager craft through footless halls of air. . . .My eager craft through footless halls of air. . . .

Up, up the long, delirious burning blueUp, up the long, delirious burning blueI've topped the wind-swept heights with easy graceI've topped the wind-swept heights with easy grace

Where never lark, or ever eagle flew —Where never lark, or ever eagle flew —And, while with silent, lifting mind I've trodAnd, while with silent, lifting mind I've trodThe high untrespassed sanctity of space,The high untrespassed sanctity of space,

Put out my hand, and touched the face of God.Put out my hand, and touched the face of God.— — John Gillespie Magee, JrJohn Gillespie Magee, Jr

Oh! I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth1

1. UAS Pilots must insure that all surly bonds have been slipped entirely and Command and Control system operates correctly before aircraft taxiing and takeoff is attempted.

And danced2 the skies on laughter-silvered wings;

2. During periods of severe sky dancing, UAS operators must concentrate on the vehicle and not listen to the music. Sky dancing must only be performed in aircraft rated for that activity.

Sunward I've climbed3,

3. Sunward climbs must not exceed the maximum permitted unmanned aircraft ceiling. For small UAS that is 400 feet normally but can be 1200 feet in class G airspace (proposed by the Aviation Rulemaking Committee)

and joined the tumbling mirth4

4. Large UAS’s are prohibited from joining the tumbling mirth. Small UAS’s must tumble below 400 feet per FAA Advisory Circular.

Of sun-split clouds5,

5. UAS’s must have a FAA COA to fly through sun-split clouds complying with all applicable instrument flight rules.

— and done a hundred things6 You have not dreamed of

6. These hundred things must be listed on a Federal Aviation Administration COA and approved prior to execution. Alternative is - Do not perform these hundred things in front of Federal Aviation Administration UAS Program Office inspectors.

— wheeled and soared and swung7

7. Wheeling, soaring, and swinging will not be attempted except in UAS aircraft rated for such activities such as UCAVs and certain small UAS, and commanded by UAS pilots trained in such maneuvers with appropriate logbook endorsements.

High in the sunlit silence8.

8. Be advised that sunlit silence will occur only when a major engine malfunction has occurred in manned aircraft in a UAS a landing operation has begun.

Hov'ring there9,

9. For manned aircraft "Hov'ring there" will constitute a highly reliable signal that a flight emergency is imminent. For UAS’s this is most likely normal

I've chased the shouting wind10 along,

10. Forecasts of shouting winds are available from the local FSS. Encounters with unexpected shouting winds should be reported by UAS Pilots and which they should normally avoid.

and flung11 my eager craft through footless halls of air. . . .

11. UAS Pilots flinging eager aircraft through footless halls of air are reminded that they alone are responsible for maintaining separation from other eagerly flinging aircraft. Flinging aircraft will require see and avoid technology. Unlike manned aircraft airsickness bags will not be required.

Up, up the long, delirious12 burning blue

12. Should any UAS operator experience delirium while their aircraft is in the burning blue, they must submit an irregularity report upon flight termination or handover the control station to another qualified pilot and seek immediate attention from an aeromedical examiner or flight surgeon.

I've topped the wind-swept heights13 with easy grace

13. Windswept heights small for UAS will be topped not to exceed 400 feet above ground level, and should not be confused with wind turbines. Large UAS’s are authorized to top wind-swept heights in segregated airspace or with a COA.

Where never lark, or ever eagle14 flew —

14. Aircraft engine ingestion of, or impact with, larks or eagles should be reported to the FAA and the appropriate aircraft maintenance facility. When the UAS is smaller than the Lark or Eagle, send report to the Fish and Game Warden.

And, while with silent, lifting mind I've trodThe high untrespassed sanctity of space15,

15. Air Traffic Control (ATC) must issue all special clearances for treading the high untrespassed sanctity of space; remember to set altimeter reporting to 29.92 where untresspassed sanctity exceeds FL180 and entering Class A airspace.

Put out my hand16, and touched the face of God.— John Gillespie Magee, Jr

16. UAS pilots can only accomplish this with a robotic arm, also used to swat away Larks and Eagles

High FlightHigh FlightOh! I have slipped the surly bonds of EarthOh! I have slipped the surly bonds of Earth

And danced the skies on laughter-silvered wings;And danced the skies on laughter-silvered wings;Sunward I've climbed, and joined the tumbling mirthSunward I've climbed, and joined the tumbling mirthOf sun-split clouds, — and done a hundred thingsOf sun-split clouds, — and done a hundred things

You have not dreamed of — wheeled and soared and swungYou have not dreamed of — wheeled and soared and swungHigh in the sunlit silence. Hov'ring there,High in the sunlit silence. Hov'ring there,

I've chased the shouting wind along, and flungI've chased the shouting wind along, and flungMy eager craft through footless halls of air. . . .My eager craft through footless halls of air. . . .

Up, up the long, delirious burning blueUp, up the long, delirious burning blueI've topped the wind-swept heights with easy graceI've topped the wind-swept heights with easy grace

Where never lark, or ever eagle flew —Where never lark, or ever eagle flew —And, while with silent, lifting mind I've trodAnd, while with silent, lifting mind I've trodThe high untrespassed sanctity of space,The high untrespassed sanctity of space,

Put out my hand, and touched the face of God.Put out my hand, and touched the face of God.— — John Gillespie Magee, JrJohn Gillespie Magee, Jr