01

Creative Ability

can be Learned

(v1.0)

Gigo Learning Lab’s complete series includes 20 individual packages, as well as five school sets. The special features of Gigo’s Learning Lab are as follows:

1. Using GIGO’s “building block” construction-based curriculum, every class has a ready-to-assemble model, and includes time designed to promote individual creativity.

2. Promotes thinking outside-the-box of the traditional educational framework by learning innovation through play!

3. We are all innately good at something, so we should take into account both individual development and the ability to work as part of a team effort.

4. Course levels are designed from elementary to difficult, combining a life sciences-based curriculum with applications from daily life.

5. Experiment using Gigo’s “building blocks”, which can be used over and over again, saving both time and effort.

6. Comes with Gigo’s newly developed 3D Smart Manual, which makes learning how to intelligently assemble each model easier than ever before.

7. Learning Lab’s Cloud Platform allows systematic recording of learning progress.

We hope that kids can enthusiastically learn scientific knowledge through fun hands-on experience, developing their problem-solving abilities, as well as a positive attitude towards science. Our mission is to help children apply their newfound knowledge to daily life, furthering their innovational skills and abilities.

For any questions or inquires. please email to LL@mail.gigo.com.tw

02

Index

07. Electromagnet

08. Electromagnetic Contactor

10. Monograph (2)

11. Ampere’s Law

Appendix: Learning Lab Packages

20. Monograph (4)

19. Electromotive Force

18. Electricity for Daily Life

17. Generator

16. Faraday’s Law

15. Monograph (3)

14. Speed and Steering Control

13. Torque and Power

12. Structure of a Motor

09. Applications for Electromagnetic Control

04. Magnetic Field Intensity

05. Monograph (1)

06. The Magnetic Effect of Current

03. Magnetic Effect

02. Magnetic Line of Force

01. The Characteristics of Magnetism

Parts List

Index

Education Philosophy 01 39

03 45

09 53

17 59

23 67

31 75

02 41

05 49

13 57

21 63

27 71

35 77

03

01

02

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Long FrameShort FrameSquare FrameDual Rod (Yellow)Dual Rod (Grey)11-hole Rod11-hole Prolate Rod7-hole Prolate Rod5-hole Rod5-hole Rod-III3-hole Rod3-hole Dual RodBended RodMotor AxleCross Axle 3CMCross Axle 6CMCross Axle 7CMCross Axle 10CMCross Axle 15CsMBattery Holder (AA Cell)Wire (Red)Wire (Black)Alligator Clip (Red)Alligator Clip (Black)Enameled Wire 400CMX Geo ConnectorReverse GeneratorIron Powder Pack20T Gear40T Gear60T GearCord 76CMM Pulley

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L PulleyRacing TireM RingL RingL Rubber BandCross Axle FixerTwo-in-one ConverterHingeCross Axle ConnectorBarWorm Gear90-degree Converter-I90-degree Converter-IIAxleLoose AxlePinL Connecting PegS Connecting PegCube ConductorSwitch ConductorBulb (Red)Bulb (Green)LED BulbPeg ConductorWinding ReelIron RodRound MagnetCompassCrankBase Grid ConnectorBase GridSpanner

P a r t s L i s t

04

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57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

3 5

87

x2 x2 x5 x4 x2 x4

S e s s i o n BrainstormingT h i n k a b o u t i t , w h a t o t h e r invisible forces are there in our daily lives?

Grandpa Rudolph had taught Tony before how to use a magnet to attract paper clips and hair pins; however, this time, in order to train Tony’s observational skills and independent thinking, Grandpa Rudolph decided to ask Tony to play with magnetism in a different way.

First, Tony dropped a nail into a brown ink cup. The nail immediately sunk and vanished. Tony then tied a magnet to a fishing pole and began searching for the nail. Curious, Tony noticed that the magnet not only could pick up things from a distance in the air, but in water as well. Grandpa Rudolph explained that applying force at a distance was a trait of magnets.

Did you know that even if a magnet is covered by a cloth, it can still attract any iron object?

Parts List

01

If an iron bar is exposed to a magnetic f ield for a long period of t ime, it wil l

become magnetized. This phenomenon is called “permanent magnetism”. This magnetized iron bar is known as a “magnet”. In addition to attracting iron, any magnet suspended on a thin string will point towards the North Pole, while the opposite end will point to the South Pole. A magnet responds to the Earth’s magnetic field. Like magnetic poles repel each other, while opposite poles attract. This characteristic allows magnets to be used in compasses for geographic orientation.

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60

01

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Magnetic

Cart

05 06

Daily

Application

The Characteristics of Magnetism

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Try this. How heavy of a car can a set of magnets push?

Modify your magnetic car and make it more powerful.

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ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n BrainstormingWhat forms of invisible energy do we use in daily life?

F a r a d a y p r o p o s e d t h e n o t i o n o f describing a magnetic field’s line of force.

His earliest idea was to use the lines of a magnetic field to describe its spatial distribution and strength. By

applying some iron powder around a magnet, he could see that the iron would arrange into lines known as “magnetic lines of force”. Magnetic lines of force do not cross each other, and end at the North and South poles of a magnet. Where the magnetic field is stronger, the lines of force become more dense.

Parts List

World famous scientist Michael Faraday received very little formal education as a child, but through great effort, he found work as Sir Humphry Davy’s secretary.

When Davy set out on a long tour of continental Europe in 1813-15, he asked Faraday to go as his scientific assistant. When Davy’s valet chose not to accompany him, Davy asked Faraday to also act as a valet until a replacement could be found. Faraday was forced to act as both a valet and an assistant throughout the whole trip. Because of Britain’s class system, Davy’s wife refused to treat Faraday as an

equal, making him travel outside the coach, eat with servants, etc. Faraday was so miserable that he considered giving up on science and returning back to England. However, the trip did give him access to the scientific elite of Europe, and helped expose him to a host of stimulating ideas.

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Charting

Expert

09 10

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Daily

Application

Magnetic Line of Force

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Use some iron powder pack to observe the distribution of magnetic lines of force. Try to improve the visibility of the lines for better observation.

Tr y app l y i ng t wo o r m o re magne t s . Observe how the lines of force change depending on the number and shapes of the magnets.

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ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n BrainstormingThere are many animals which u s e g e o m a g n e t i c f i e l d s t o navigate dur ing long-distance m i g r a t i o n s . C a n y o u n a m e some?

Parts List

Even though humans have long used natural magnets to pinpoint their position and direction, they didn’t understand the theory behind it. In 1600, an English physicist named William Gilbert published his findings on natural magnetic fields. Through his research, he concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic, which was the reason why compasses always pointed north. Gilbert’s findings inspired others to continue researching. The magnetic properties of Earth is known as geomagnetism. The direction of geomagnetism is not always the same. Scientist believe that its movement is related to the Earth’s rotation. Due to the existence of the geomagnetic field,

some animals have evolved to exploit it. Doves have magnetic sensors in their heads that function just like a magnetic needle. This allows them to navigate by sensing the change in the geomagnetic field; thus, they can find their way home even from far away.

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04

Lost Migratory

Bird

1413

03Magnetic Effect

Migratory birds are well known for their incredible ability to travel great distances

by sensing the Earth’s magnetic field. Salmon also have this ability. Adult salmon swim against the current for

thousands of kilometers to reach their birth place in order to spawn. A new scientific theory reveals that salmon use geomagnetism to learn and remember an imprint of their “home address”.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Please observe the change of the compass needle when the magnet moves.

Try changing the position of a compass or a magnet, and observe the difference in how the magnetic needle shifts.

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ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n BrainstormingMagnet ism is a force that acts at a distance. It can be applied w i thout mak ing contac t . What other applications in our daily life utilize this force?

Parts List

It’s a new semester, so Mom gave Tony a new pencil box. Tony quickly noticed that there was a tiny iron plate installed on the edge of the cover, and a small magnet on the inside of the box. Tony also noticed that there were two iron plates attached to both side sides of the magnet. Tony asked Grandpa Rudolph why a magnet would need such a thing. Grandpa Rudolph said that by attaching two iron plates to the magnet’s sides, they can guide and centralize the magnetic lines of force. This can help enhance its ability to attract. On the other hand, removing the plates would weaken it. In reality, the magnetic line of force doesn’t increase, it just becomes more concentrated between the two iron plates. If we were to apply iron powder around the magnet without the two iron plates, we would find the magnetic line of force would be more spread out. If we then added the iron plates, we

would find that the magnetic line of force is more centralized, creating a m o r e i n t e n s e magnetic field, and a stronger attraction.

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60

01

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04

Walking in

a Maze

1817

04Magnetic Field Intensity

Whenever a compass is inside a magnetic f ield, the North pole of its needle wil l

always be deflected. The strength of this deflection is dependent on the magnetic field’s intensity. Installing iron

plates to the side of the magnet forms a pathway that allows a large amount of concentrated magnetic lines of force to travel through; thus, increasing both the magnetic lines’ density and force.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Try and see if you can get the magnet through the maze us ing the power of magnet ism alone.

Try to make a more complicated maze and play with your friends together.

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ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n

MonographTry using the theory you have learned so far to design a tow truck.

03. Lost Migratory Bird

02. Charting Expert

04. Walking in a Maze

051

01. Magnetic Cart

21 22

ModelReview

1

2

3

ModelDesign

ModelCreation

Winner!

DesignConcept

My Artwork

Evaluation

S e s s i o n BrainstormingDid you know that there are several ways to determine the polarity of a magnet?

People used to think that electricity and magnetism were unrelated, but Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that a deep relationship existed between these two natural phenomena. While a student at the University of Copenhagen, Ørsted was awarded honors for his papers in both aesthetics and physics. He also ranked among the best of his class in his Pharmacist Qualification exam. After reading Alessandro Volts’ research, Ørsted became inspired to study the nature of electricity, and to conduct his first electrical experiments.

On 21 April 1820, Ørsted suddenly had a thought while in a lecture. He wondered whether or not a compass needle would react if placed in parallel next to an electric

wire. Curious, he set up the experiment. He noticed the compass needle deflected from magnetic north when an electric current from a battery was switched on and off. Everyone was surprised with the result. This was the first experiment on electromagnetism.

In 1820, Ørsted published his f indings. His d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f a d i r e c t relationship between electricity and magnetism began study into electromagnetism.

Parts List

The Magnetic Effect of Current

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Electromagnetic

Indicator

23

06

What humans in i t ia l ly knew about magnet ism was that i f we hung up a

magnetic bar and let it move freely, the N point would always point to the north and the S point would always point

to the south. When Ørsted discovered that electric wires can distort a compass needle, defying magnetism’s basic principle, he confirmed that electricity can create a magnetic field. This new theory totally revolutionized the world of physics.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Try to control the electrical current’s direction so tha t you change the d i rec t i on o f the compass needle.

Can you come up with an interest ing design by changing the direction of the magnetic field?

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25 26

ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n BrainstormingThere are many tools that utilize magnetic f ield theory. Can you think of any from daily life?

An electromagnet is simply a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.An electromagnet uses direct-current (DC), therefore the direction of the generated magnetic field is fixed. In order to concentrate the magnetic force, a wire is tightly coiled. When energized, it will produce a magnetic field. The more times the wire is coiled, the better the results. Placing a piece of iron inside the coiled wire will enhance the magnetic field produced from the electric current; however, steel is unsuitable, as it will eventually transform into a permanent magnet. When a DC is flowing through the coiled wire, the iron will become a temporary magnet. When the current is turned off,

the magnetic field disappears. Adding more coils or increasing electrical current can also increase the intensity of the magnetic field.

Parts List

07

Note: please prepare several paper clips.

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Electromagnetic

Crane

27 28

Electromagnet

Industrial electromagnets are a common sight at waste iron recycling centers.

Electromagnetic cranes run along a track rather than on wheels. Attached to a giant electromagnet, they move

back and forth along the track, lifting things. Once electrified, the electromagnet can lift up waste iron and move it. Once the power is off, the magnetic field disappears and the iron waste is released. This method can skip the human packing process, reduces the possibility of injuries, and efficiently moves huge amounts of waste iron.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Try this! How many paper clips can you move at one time?

How can we let the crane attract more paper clips?

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30

ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

29

S e s s i o n BrainstormingT h r o u g h i m p r o v e m e n t s i n technology, there are now many d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f s w i t c h e s nowadays. Can you name some of them?

Parts List

“Tony, see who is it.”

Tony went to check the intercom and saw that a neighbor had brought a bag of fruit for them. Tony carried the bag of fruit to the living room and ran into Grandpa, who had just come out from his room.

Grandpa asked Tony if he knew the reason why the door opened after he pressed the button on the intercom. Tony didn’t know how to respond. He had never thought about it before, even though he did it all the time. His curiosity later drove him to ask Grandpa for an answer.

Grandpa told Tony that when he pressed the button to open the door, a current would travel through an electromagnet downstairs, which would pull in the door latch, and cause the door to open. This is one of many applications for electromagnetic contactors. Do you know o f any o t h e r a p p l i c a t i o n s for electromagnetic switches?

08

Commonly referred to as a “relay”, electromagnetic contactors are electrically

controlled switches that use current flowing through coiled wires to generate a magnet field to control the “on’ and

“off” position of a contact head. Relays can also control the voltage level of different types of machines. Since relays can control machine from a distance through electric wiring, they are widely used to control factory equipment, heaters, machine tools, and other electronics.

Daily

Application

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04

Note: please prepare several paper clips.

Divine Lighting

3231

Electromagnetic Contactor

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

How big must the magnetic force be in order to activate the lever of the switch?

How can we make it easier to activate the switch?

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33 34

ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n BrainstormingW h a t o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g a p p l i c a t i o n s a r e t h e r e f o r electromagnetism?

Helen went to the supermarket with her mom to buy some groceries. Helen seldom went there, so she was curious about much she saw. Helen noticed that there were two tiny plastic squares attached to some windows, one of them was even connected with a wire. Helen asked her mother what they were for. Helen’s mother told her that this was for security. Inside of the square without

a wire is a magnet. Inside the square with a wire is a reed switch. When the windows are closed, the two squares are side by side, and the reed switch will be attracted to the magnet. When the window is opened, the magnet is pulled away, and the reed switch will revert to it’s original position, which closes a circuit and activates an alarm.

Parts List

Applications for Electromagnetic Control

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Automatic

Door

35 36

09

We can see reed switches inside burglar sensors. There are two designs that are commonly used. The type mentioned above

uses a magnet to open a reed circuit. When the magnet is removed, the reeds snap back into place and close the circuit. The other kind is the

opposite: a magnet pulls the reeds into a closed circuit.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Use an electromagnet and connecting rod to control the open/close switch of an automatic door.

How can we control the open and close motion of the automatic door?

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38

ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

37

S e s s i o n

MonographTry to design an electromagnetic car whose movement can be controlled by an electromagnet.

06. Electromagnet Indicator

08. Divine Lighting

07. Electromagnetic Crane

09. Automatic Door

102

40

ModelReview

1

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ModelDesign

ModelCreation

Winner!

DesignConcept

My Artwork

Evaluation

39

S e s s i o n BrainstormingHow else can we represent the magnetic effect of current?

While Ørsted first revealed the magnetic effect of an electric current, he never mathematically proved the relationship between the two. Andre-Marie Ampere was an 18th century physicist and mathematician. After hearing of Ørsted’s discovery, Ampere began developing a mathematical theory to better understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Adding onto Ørsted’s experiments, Ampere showed that two wires carrying an electric current will attract or repel each other depending on whether the directional flow of their currents are the same or not. His work laid down the foundation of electrodynamics. Ampere’s most important mathematical principle states that the mutual behavior of two current-carrying wires is directly proportional to their lengths, as well as the intensity of their currents. This principle is known as Ampere’s Law.

Ampere was the f i rst to develop a SI uni t of measurement for electric current: the ampere. He designed an instrument to measure current using a free rotating magnetic needle. Later, people would modify his design to create the “galvanometer”. Ampere’s Law is applied when using an electric motor, which utilizes the magnetic effect of current to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Parts List

11

A key electrical component in our daily lives is called a motor. It takes the torque

produced by a current-carrying conductor located inside a magnetic field to move external components,

such as in washing machines, hair dryers and fans. They are all applications of Ampere’s law. In addition, the voltmeter, used to measure electric potential, and the ammeter, used to measure current, are also the applications of Ampere’s law.

Daily

Application

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Inverted

Earth

4241

Ampere’s Law

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Try to control the direction of a compass by using an electromagnet.

O ther than a c ompass, i s there any way to recognize the direct ion of the electromagnet?

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ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

S e s s i o n BrainstormingWhat machinery, from both the home o r t he c lass room, a re driven by a motor?

Parts List

Normally, motors are roughly divided into a rotor and a stator. The rotor is rotatable, while the stator is stationary and provides a magnetic field around it. The ordinary structure of a DC motor consists of an armature, a field magnet, a commutator, and a brush. The rotor in the center of the DC motor is an armature made from a wire wound around a soft iron core, which is connected to two semicircular commutators . The commutator make contact with a stationary brush, which transfers power from the rotating armature and reverses the direction of the current each half-turn before reversing again.

The stator is a permanent magnet often used as a field magnet. An external power supply is channeled through the brush of the commutator to provide a current for the armature. This generates a magnetic f ield that interacts with the stator’s permanent magnet, thus causing the armature to rotate.

12

Commonly known as an electric motor, it is used extensively in a variety of electric

power supplies. With the help of electric motors, it is possible to convert electrical energy into mechanical

energy, which drives the rotating, vibrating, or linear movement of a mechanical component. While linear movement is preferred for automated processes, rotational movement is applicable across the board, from the office to the home.

Daily

Application

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Simple

Motor

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Structure of a Motor

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

If we change the placement of the magnet, how will the movement of the wire change?

How else can we make the wire turn?

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48

ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

47

S e s s i o n BrainstormingWhat ways can we af fect the movements of a rotating object?

Parts List

Paul wanted to assemble and electric car. Although he had never tried this before, he already had experience assembling a simple lightbulb circuit. Paul understood clearly that in order to make the lightbulb shine brighter, he would need to place several batteries in a series. When connected to batteries in a series, a lightbulb shines stronger, causing the batteries’ power output to be greater. Using the lightbulb analogy for the design of his electric cars, Paul separately connected a single battery-powered motor to one electric car, and a two-battery-powered-series motor in another. After a “street test”, it was apparent that the battery-series motor’s power output was greater than that of the single battery-powered car, resulting in greater

torque, power, and speed. Did you know that the more torque a motor has, the greater it’s power?

13

The rotat ional speed of an electr ic motor is affected by both its voltage and

current. Changes in its rotational speed can affect the rotational load capacity of the shaft output, therefore affecting

changes in torque. All aforementioned variables are influenced by the motor design. For example, a regular DC motor is designed with a brush. Additionally, there is a brushless DC motor that can achieve high torque at low RPM. It is commonly found in cooling fans for computers.

Daily

Application

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Ferris Wheel

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Torque and Power

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ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Record the motor’s rotational weight limit.

How can we make the motor’s rotational load larger?

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ArtAttack

Experiment

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51

S e s s i o n BrainstormingWhat other rotating objects from our daily lives need to control their speed and steering?

Parts List

In order to help Tony broaden his horizons, Grandpa Rudolph took him to see a movie called “The Internship.” In the film, when the two main characters arrive at the Google HQ, they wave at a passing car, only to find out there’s no one inside driving it! After the movie, Tony asked Grandpa Rudolph out of curiosity, “Was that a science fiction movie? How could no one be in the car, but it could still move on its own?” Grandpa Rudolph then told Tony that the car was neither science fiction nor

a prop; it was a genuine driverless car. Using cameras, radar sensors, and lasers, as well as data collected manually from a driver, driverless vehicles can intelligently execute control over the car’s speed and steering without hitting anything.

14

Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been widely used in the supply chain and

logistics industries, particularly for the transporting of goods from on-loading to offloading sites within warehouses

and factories. Their ability to handle different materials allows a flexible production line, which helps to reduce cost. Its energy is generally supplied by a rechargeable battery, and is assisted and guided by either a series of wires built underground, or via lines made from reflective paint. Sensors on the AGV allows its steering to be controlled by the wire path, enabling it to achieve unmanned automated handling.

Daily

Application

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Direction Car

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ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Can you make several different gear ratios?

What are some other ways a vehic le could be designed to move instead of only moving forwards and reversing?

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ArtAttack

Experiment

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S e s s i o n

MonographPlease use a motor and an electromagnet to design a “street sweeper” that can vacuum up paperclips scattered across a tabletop.

11. Inverted Earth

13. Ferris Wheel

12. Simple Motor

14. Changing Direction Car

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ModelCreation

Winner!

DesignConcept

My Artwork

Evaluation

57

S e s s i o n BrainstormingHow can we know of electricity’s existence in daily life?

B4-16B

Parts List

B4-16A

Electrically- produced magnetic fields, which conversely led him to wonder, could magnetism produce electricity as well?

Faraday wanted to understand nature’s mysteries. In 1831, Faraday wrapped two coils around an iron ring. He plugged coil A into a battery, and coil B into a galvanometer. Whenever he turned the battery of coil A on or off, he noticed a transient current in coil B. Faraday’s device allowed him to discover electromagnetic induction. To understand how changes in an magnetic field produce an induced current, Faraday replaced coil A with a magnet and continued experimenting. When he moved the magnet towards and away from a bundle of coils, his galvanometer showed a transient current. In addition to induced current, the coils will

produce a potential difference. Faraday’s experiment proved that a moving magnet could produce an electrical current.

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16Faraday’s Law

When a magnet is placed inside a spiral coil, it causes an electric current to travel through

the coil. When the magnet is removed, the current flows in reverse. This phenomenon indicates that electric current cannot

be created out of nothing, it must be produced, and that electricity is just another manifested form of energy, and is itself, not the original generator.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Please measure the voltage of two ends of enamelled wire and record it.

How can you inc rease the output o f electricity?

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62

ArtAttack

Experiment

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61

S e s s i o n BrainstormingWhat energy sources can be used to generate electricity?

Parts List

The principle design and structure of generators and electric motors are very similar. Electric motors operate based on the magnetic repulsion between two like poles, which helps to generate power. This energy is then converted into mechanical energy. When operating a generator, this process is done in reverse. Generators also include a rotor and a stator. The stator provides a magnetic field around the turning rotor. It also uses other forces to spin the rotor’s conducting wires inside the magnetic field, which in turn generates an electromotive force within the wires. Generators are divided based on their fixed current direction, AC or DC. Both operate on the same principle; it is only how they are connected to a

commutator that is different. AC was originally invented by Nikola Tesla, and is usually used when generating very high voltages. With both current directions, electricity is produced v i a c o n v e r t i n g mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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Generator

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17Generator

Massive earthquakes often result in a shut off of water and electricity to affected areas,

making it impossible to rescue others, especially at night time when there are no lights available. Therefore, it is best to

prepare a hand-cranked generator for any emergency kit, as it can help to charge both flashlights and cellphones.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Pair up a gear and a generator to produce electricity so that the bulb lights up.

How can we make the lightbulb brighter?

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66

ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

65

S e s s i o n BrainstormingWhat other actions in our daily lives could we use to generate electricity?

Parts List

Tony wanted ride his bike to accompany his Grandpa Rudolph during his evening walk. Grandpa Rudolph said, “I’m afraid not Tony. There’s no warning lights on the bicycle. Disappointed, Tony asked “So what?”. Grandpa Rudolph told him why. It is dangerous for bicycles to ride at night without a back light because it’s difficult for motorists to see them on dark roads. Without a back light, it is easy to be struck by a car traveling at very fast speeds. Because this occurs frequently, bikers should always install warning lights before riding at night.

Did you know that riding a bicycle at night without installing warning lights is extremely dangerous?

18

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A Walking

Generator

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Electricity for Daily Life

If we make good use of our ingenuity, we can use many applications from our daily lives to produce electricity. For

example, batteries inside multi-functional backpacks could store electricity from solar panels installed on the outside. During sunny days, you

could rely on the battery alone, and on cloudy days, the alternating current can be used to charge the battery, making it very convenient for outdoor activities. Another example is using shoes to generate electricity. Students have created a hair-thin electrical device, which can be hidden on the bottom of shoes, and can produce electricity from the power generate from every step. This can help charge mobile phones and other appliances. Keep an eye out for these creative inventions in the future!

Daily

Application

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ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Is the brightness of the bulb dif ferent when the model moving fast and slow?

Please des ign a mode l us ing G igo's building blocks that can both store and produce energy.

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ArtAttack

Experiment

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69

S e s s i o n BrainstormingHow do we distinguish between t h e v o l t a g e a n d c u r r e n t o f generated electricity?

Parts List

Spencer Silver was asked by his boss to produce a powerful thickening agent. To the dissatisfaction of his boss, Spencer was unsuccessful in completing his objective even after endless testing. After finding this out, his colleague, Arthur Fry, encouraged him by telling the story of Faraday. After having discovered EMF, Faraday was asked by a women, “What use does it have?” Unfazed, Faraday replied, “None yet. But would you ask a newborn baby what its use is too?” Thanks to his conversation with Fry, Spencer Silver allowed himself to be more optimistic. Fry suddenly thought, “Silver’s failed invention can stick to paper without leaving a trace when torn.” Even though Silver had failed at

his original attempt to invent a strong adhesive, Silver altered his viewpoint on the applications for his invention and created the Post-it note, which quickly became a popular stationary tool.

19

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Electrical

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Electromotive Force

If power is momentarily passed through a coil, it will produce an induced electromotive

force. This principle can be applied to both generators and electric motors, as well in transformers. Transformers

are electrical devices that transfer energy between two coils. An alternating current flows through the primary winding, while the secondary winding is attached to a load. An iron core forms a closed magnetic circuit, which acts as a bridge for energy to travel between the two. The purpose of a transformer is to convert both voltage and current, like the one in your phone charger.

Daily

Application

1 2 3

ModelAssembled

ExperimentComplete

Model Creation

Evaluation

Use di f ferent components to obser ve the difference between the generated electricity’s current and voltage.

H o w c a n w e a d j u s t t h e g e n e r a t e d e l e c t r i c i t y ’s a m o u n t o f c u r r e n t a n d voltage?

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ArtAttack

Experiment

Time

73

S e s s i o n

MonographPlease design a battery pack. First connect it to the motor. Afterwards, design a car transmission.

16. A Simple Generator

18. A Walking Generator

17. Human-powered Generator

19. Electrical Sensor

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ModelReview

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ModelDesign

ModelCreation

Winner!

DesignConcept

My Artwork

Evaluation

75

77 7877 78

Learning Lab- Individual Packages Learning Lab- School Packages

30 mins/ session; 30 sessions/ package

50 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package

40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package

#1230 Wonderful World1

#1249 Construction Set20

#1231 Theme Park2

#1232 Little Artist3 #1233 Fun Cube4

#1248 Basic Set19

#1245 Vibro & Gyro16#1244 Robot15

#1246 Programmable Controller

17 #1247 S4A Interactive Bricks

18

Creative World

Technology Explorer

Brick Contraption40 mins/ session; 20 sessions/ package

#1238 Gas & Pneumatics9

#1240 Light & Solar Energy11

#1242 Chemical Battery13

#1234 Force & Simple Machine

5 #1235 Motion & Mechanism

6

#1236 Electricity & Circuit7 #1237 Electromagnetism & Motor

8

#1239 Wind Power10

#1241 Liquid & Hydraulics12

#1243 Optical Devices14

Scientific Experiment

Target: age 2-6 (Kindergarten)

30 mins/ session;

120 sessions in total

Target: age 10+ (Jr. & Sr. High School)

50 mins/ session;

80 sessions in total

Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)

40 mins/ session;

100 sessions in total

Target: age 7+

40 mins/ session;

40 sessions in total

Target: age 7+ (Elementary School)

40 mins/ session;

100 sessions in total

#1250 Creative World Set#1251 Scientific Experiment Set- Power Machine

#1252 Scientific Experiment Set- Green Energy

#1253 Technology Explorer Set

#1254 Brick Contraption Set

Creative Classroom