12.5 Kingdoms of 12.5 Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and KoreaSoutheast Asia and Korea

Several smaller kingdoms Several smaller kingdoms prosper in East and Southeast prosper in East and Southeast Asia, a region culturally Asia, a region culturally influenced by China and India.influenced by China and India.

12.5

Kingdoms of Southeast AsiaKingdoms of Southeast Asia Geography of Southeast AsiaGeography of Southeast Asia

– Area between Indian and Pacific Oceans, Area between Indian and Pacific Oceans, includes mainland and islands.includes mainland and islands.

– Five major rivers on mainland, but Five major rivers on mainland, but mountains make travel difficult.mountains make travel difficult.

– Key to power in region is control of trade Key to power in region is control of trade routes and harbors.routes and harbors.

The temple at Borobudur has 92 statues of Buddha on its top level.

Built in the 1100s,Angkor Wat is the world’s largest religious structure.

Kingdoms of Southeast AsiaKingdoms of Southeast Asia Influence of India and ChinaInfluence of India and China

– Indian traders arrive in first century Indian traders arrive in first century A.D.; bring Buddhism, Hinduism.A.D.; bring Buddhism, Hinduism.

– Indian influence remains today.Indian influence remains today.– Chinese migrants and traders bring Chinese migrants and traders bring

Chinese influence.Chinese influence.

Kingdoms of Southeast AsiaKingdoms of Southeast Asia

The Khmer EmpireThe Khmer Empire– By 800s the Khmer conquers kingdoms, By 800s the Khmer conquers kingdoms,

creates an empire.creates an empire.– Khmer Empire (now Cambodia) controls Khmer Empire (now Cambodia) controls

Southeast Asian mainland. Southeast Asian mainland.– Rulers build temple complexes in Rulers build temple complexes in

capital, Angkor.capital, Angkor.– Angkor Wat—square mile complex Angkor Wat—square mile complex

dedicated to Hindu god Vishnu.dedicated to Hindu god Vishnu.

Kingdoms of Southeast AsiaKingdoms of Southeast Asia

Island Trading KingdomsIsland Trading Kingdoms– Sailendra dynasty rules on Java; its Sailendra dynasty rules on Java; its

culture shows Indian influence.culture shows Indian influence.– Island empire Srivijaya dominated area Island empire Srivijaya dominated area

from 600s to 1200s.from 600s to 1200s.

Kingdoms of Southeast AsiaKingdoms of Southeast Asia

Dai VietDai Viet– During Han Dynasty, China controls During Han Dynasty, China controls

Southeast Asia. Vietnam becomes an Southeast Asia. Vietnam becomes an independent kingdom, Dai Viet, in 939.independent kingdom, Dai Viet, in 939.

– Influenced by Chinese culture: Influenced by Chinese culture: Buddhism, government.Buddhism, government.

– Keep own cultural identity; women have Keep own cultural identity; women have some independence.some independence.

– Ly Dynasty (1009–1225) establishes Ly Dynasty (1009–1225) establishes capital at Hanoi.capital at Hanoi.

Korean DynastiesKorean DynastiesKorean CultureKorean Culture

– Combines Chinese culture Combines Chinese culture with native traditionswith native traditions

Geography of KoreaGeography of Korea– Peninsula with little arable Peninsula with little arable

land; mountains and seas land; mountains and seas isolate it.isolate it.

Korean DynastiesKorean Dynasties

Early HistoryEarly History– Different clans control areas; in108 B.C., Different clans control areas; in108 B.C.,

Han China conquers KoreaHan China conquers Korea– Chinese introduce governing method, Chinese introduce governing method,

religions, system of writingreligions, system of writing– Regional powers arise; the Silla defeats Regional powers arise; the Silla defeats

others, drives out Chineseothers, drives out Chinese– Silla rule: Buddhist monasteries, bronze Silla rule: Buddhist monasteries, bronze

sculptures, writing systemsculptures, writing system

Korean DynastiesKorean Dynasties

The Koryu DynastyThe Koryu Dynasty– In 935, Wang Kon takes control, forms In 935, Wang Kon takes control, forms

Koryu Dynasty, rules to 1392Koryu Dynasty, rules to 1392– Models government on China’s civil Models government on China’s civil

service system, with differencesservice system, with differences– Mongols dominate Korea from 1231 to Mongols dominate Korea from 1231 to

1360s1360s– In 1392, scholar-officials overthrow In 1392, scholar-officials overthrow

Koryu DynastyKoryu Dynasty

Korean DynastiesKorean Dynasties

Koryu CultureKoryu Culture– Inspired by Song Inspired by Song

artists; Korean artists; Korean artists produce artists produce celadon potteryceladon pottery

– Korean artisans Korean artisans produce wood produce wood blocks for printing blocks for printing Buddhist scripturesBuddhist scriptures

Modern Connection: Two Koreas

Since the end of World War II, Korea has been arbitrarily divided into two countries—communist North Korea and democratic South Korea. For years, many Koreans longed for their country to be reunited. Hopes for such a day rose in 2000 when the presidents of the two nations sat down to discuss reunification. In 2002, however, North Korea announced that it was developing nuclear weapons and would use them against South Korea if necessary. This greatly dimmed people’s hopes for one Korea.